Good morning everybody. I'd like to talk about a couple of things today. The first thing is water. Now I see you've all been enjoying the water that's been provided for you here at the conference, over the past couple of days. And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source.
Dobré ráno všetkým. Dnes by som rád rozprával o niekoľkých veciach. Prvou je voda. Vidím, že si všetci užívate vodu, ktorá sa podáva v rámci konferencie posledných pár dní. A som si istý, že máte pocit, že je z bezpečného zdroja.
But what if it wasn't? What if it was from a source like this? Then statistics would actually say that half of you would now be suffering with diarrhea. I talked a lot in the past about statistics, and the provision of safe drinking water for all. But they just don't seem to get through. And I think I've worked out why. It's because, using current thinking, the scale of the problem just seems too huge to contemplate solving. So we just switch off: us, governments and aid agencies. Well, today, I'd like to show you that through thinking differently, the problem has been solved. By the way, since I've been speaking, another 13,000 people around the world are suffering now with diarrhea. And four children have just died.
Ale čo keby nebola? Čo ak by bolo jej zdrojom niečo takéto? Podľa štatistík by polovica z Vás teraz trpela hnačkou. V minulosti som veľa rozprával o štatistikách a o poskytovaní bezpečnej pitnej vody všetkým. Ale zdá sa, že to nezaberá. A myslím, že som prišiel na to, prečo. Je to preto, že v našom súčasnom ponímaní, je rozsah tohoto problému príliš obrovský, aby sme ho vedeli vyriešiť. Tak jednoducho vypneme. My, vláda, agentúry pre rozvoj. Dnes by som Vám však rád ukázal, že iný spôsob premýšľania môže tento problém vyriešiť. Mimochodom, zatiaľ čo ja tu rozprávam, ďalších 13,000 ľudí po celom svete trpí hnačkou. A štyri deti práve umreli.
I invented Lifesaver bottle because I got angry. I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004, when I was watching the devastating news of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in, playing out on TV. The days and weeks that followed, people fleeing to the hills, being forced to drink contaminated water or face death. That really stuck with me. Then, a few months later, Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America. "Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do." Day one: nothing. Day two: nothing. Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome? People were shooting each other on the streets for TV sets and water. That's when I decided I had to do something.
Vynašiel som fľašku Lifesaver, pretože už ma to štvalo. Ako mnohí z Vás som deň po Vianociach 2004 sedel a pozeral zdrvujúce správy o Ázijskom tsunami ako sa valí, na obrazovke televízora. V nasledujúcich dňoch a týždňoch sa ľudia stiahli do kopcov, nútení piť kontaminovanú vodu, alebo riskovať smrť. To ma naozaj zasiahlo. Potom, o niekoľko mesiacov, udrel na Americké pobrežie hurikán Katrina. Vravel som si: "Ok, tu máme vyspelú krajinu, uvidíme, čo s tým dokážu urobiť." Prvý deň: nič. Druhý deň: nič. Viete o tom, že trvalo päť dní, kým dostali pitnú vodu na Superdome? Ľudia sa na uliciach strieľali pre televízory a vodu. Vtedy som sa rozhodol, že musím niečo urobiť.
Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months, and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter) However, after a few failed prototypes, I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle.
Veľa času, počas nasledujúcich týždňov a mesiacov, som strávil vo svojej garáži. A tiež v kuchyni, na veľké zdesenie mojej ženy. Každopádne, po niekoľkých nepodarených prototypoch, sa mi podarilo vytvoriť toto, fľašku Lifesaver.
Okay, now for the science bit. Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable of filtering down to about 200 nanometers. The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers. So a 200-nanometer bacteria is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole. The smallest virus, on the other hand, is about 25 nanometers. So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes. Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers. So nothing is getting through.
Ok, teraz o tej vedeckej stránke. Pred Lifesaverom boli najlepšie filtre schopné filtrovať približne do 200 nanometrov. Najmenšia baktéria má asi 200 nanometrov. Takže 200 nanometrová baktéria sa dostane cez 200 nanometrový pór. Naproti tomu, najmenší vírus, má asi 25 nanometrov. A určite teda prelezie tými 200 nanometrovými pórmi. Póry Lifesavera majú 15 nanometrov. Takže nimi neprejde nič.
Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration. Would you like to see that? I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should. We're in the fine city of Oxford. So -- someone's done that up. Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone and got some water from the River Cherwell, and the River Thames, that flow through here. And this is the water. But I got to thinking, you know, if we were in the middle of a flood zone in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this. So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it. And this is from my pond.
Ok, predvediem Vám malú ukážku. Chcete to vidieť? Strávil som dosť času, kým som to pripravil. Tak by som asi mal. Sme tu v skvelom meste Oxford, ako niekto vypichol, uhladený Oxford, takže čo som urobil je, že som išiel a vzal vodu z rieky Cherwell a Temža, ktoré tadeto pretekajú. Toto je tá voda. Ale potom som si pomyslel, viete, ak by sme boli uprostred záplavovej oblasti v Bangladéši, voda by vyzerala ináč. Tak som išial a zohnal som niečo, čo by som tam pridal. Toto je z môjho rybníka.
(Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman.
(Pričucháva)(Kašle) Privoňajte, pán kameraman.
Okay. (Laughs) Right. We're just going to pour that in there.
Ok.(Smeje sa) Dobre. Tak to tam nalejeme.
Audience: Ugh!
Publikum: Fuj!
Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff from a sewage plant farm. So I'm just going to put that in there. (Laughter) Put that in there. There we go. (Laughter) And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there. And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit. So we're just going to put that in there as well. (Laughter) Okay. (Laughter) Now.
Michael Pritchard: Dobre. Máme tu nejaké splašky z čističky odpadových vôd. Tak to tam pridám. (Smiech) Pekne všetko dnu. Tak. (Smiech) A nejaké ďalšie zbytky, hodím to tam. A mám tu darček od kamarátovho zajaca. Tak to tam dáme tiež. (Smiech) Ok. (Smiech) Takže...
The Lifesaver bottle works really simply. You just scoop the water up. Today I'm going to use a jug just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there. That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit. Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water, and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet? (Laughter) Okay. There we go. Replace the top. Give it a few pumps. Okay? That's all that's necessary. Now as soon as I pop the teat, sterile drinking water is going to come out. I've got to be quick. Okay, ready? There we go. Mind the electrics. That is safe, sterile drinking water. (Applause) Cheers. (Applause) There you go Chris. (Applause) What's it taste of?
Fľaška Lifesaver funguje veľmi jednoducho. Len naberiete vodu. Dnes použijem krčah, aby ste na to dobre videli. Dajme tam aj trochu toho bobku. Ešte to nie je dosť špinavé. Zamiešajme to trochu. Ok, tak teraz vezmem túto naozaj hnusnú vodu, a dám ju sem. Chcete sa napiť? (Smiech) Ok, tak ideme na to. Zavrite vrchnák. Trochu zapumpujte. Ok. To je všetko, čo musíme urobiť. V momente, keď otvorím náustok, vyjde odtiaľ sterilná pitná voda. Musím to vystihnúť. Ok, ste pripravení? Tak ideme na to. Pozor na elektroniku. To je bezpečná, sterilná pitná voda. (Potlesk) Na zdravie. (Potlesk) Daj si Chris. (Potlesk) Ako to chutí?
Chris Anderson: Delicious.
Chris Anderson: Výborne.
Michael Pritchard: Okay. Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay? (Laughter)
Michael Pritchard: Ok. Uvidíme ako sa bude Chris držať po zvyšok programu. Ok? (Smiech)
Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world. It'll last for 6,000 liters. And when it's expired, using failsafe technology, the system will shut off, protecting the user. Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in. It's good for another 6,000 liters.
Ok. Fľašku Lifesaver používajú na svete tisíce ľudí. Vydrží na 6000 litrov. A keď uplynie táto doba, pomocou technológie na zabezpečenie ochrany sa systém vyradí a tak ochraňuje užívateľa. Vyberiete náplň. Dáte tam novú. A môžete to používať ďalších 6000 litrov.
So let's look at the applications. Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do? We ship water. Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps. And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water. What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp? Diseases spread. More resources are required. The problem just becomes self-perpetuating. But by thinking differently, and shipping these, people can stay put. They can make their own sterile drinking water, and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives.
Poďme sa pozrieť na využitie. Čo robíme tradične v krízovej situácii? Dopravujeme vodu na miesto. A potom, po niekoľkých týždňoch, staviame tábory. A ľudia musia prísť do tábora, aby mali pitnú vodu. Čo sa stane, keď sa nahromadí 20,000 ľudí v tábore? Šíria sa choroby. Je potrebých viac zdrojov. Problémy sa nabaľujú na seba. Ale ak budeme uvažovať inak, a dodávať tieto tu, ľudia môžu zostať kde sú. Môžu si sami spraviť sterilnú pitnú vodu, a začať s obnovou svojich domovov a životov.
Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster for this to work. Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure and pipe work, is too expensive. When you run the numbers on a calculator, you run out of noughts. So here is the "thinking different" bit.
V zásade netreba prírodnú katastrofu, aby sme toto mohli využiť. Zastaralé myslenie, so svojou národnou infraštruktúrou a potrubiami, je príliš nákladné. Keď to začnete počítať, je to nekonečné. Takže tu je ukážka iného myslenia.
Instead of shipping water, and using man-made processes to do it, let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system. She picks the water up from there, desalinates it, for free, transports it over there, and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams. And where do people live? Near water. All we've go to do is make it sterile. How do we do that?
Namiesto toho, aby sme dodávali vodu potrubím a využívali procesy vytvorené človekom, použime radšej Matku Zem. Tá má fantastický systém. Vezme vodu odtiaľ, zadarmo ju odsolí, presunie ju sem a zhodí ju na hory, rieky a potoky. A kde žijú ľudia? Blízko vody. Jediné, čo musíme urobiť, je sterilizovať ju.
Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle. Or we could use one of these. The same technology, in a jerry can. This will process 25,000 liters of water; that's good enough for a family of four, for three years. And how much does it cost? About half a cent a day to run. Thank you.
Môžeme použiť fľašku Lifesaver. Alebo použiť jednu z týchto. Tá istá technológia v bandaske. Táto dokáže spracovať 25,000 litrov vody. To je dosť pre štvorčlennú rodinu na 3 roky. A koľko to stojí? Približne pol centu denne. Ďakujem.
(Applause)
(Potlesk)
So, by thinking differently, and processing water at the point of use, mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day to collect their water. They can get it from a source nearby. So with just eight billion dollars, we can hit the millennium goal's target of halving the number of people without access to safe drinking water. To put that into context, The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds a year on foreign aid. But why stop there? With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water. So the three-and-a-half billion people that suffer every year as a result, and the two million kids that die every year, will live. Thank you.
Takže, ak budeme rozmýšľať inak, a spracovávať vodu v mieste spotreby, matky a deti už nebudú musieť kráčať 4 hodiny denne, aby si nabrali vodu. Môžu ju vziať z neďalekého zdroja, Takže stačí osem miliárd dolárov, a môžeme dosiahnuť jeden s cieľov tisícročia, zmenšiť na polovicu počet ľudí, ktorí nemajú prístup k pitnej vode. Aby som to zasadil do kontextu, Britská vláda míňa asi 12 miliárd libier ročne na zahraničnú pomoc. Ale prečo skončiť tu? Za 20 miliárd dolárov môže mať každý prístup k bezpečnej pitnej vode. Takže tri a pol miliardy ľudí, ktorí následkom tohto trpia každý rok, a dva milióny detí, ktoré každý rok umierajú, budú žiť. Ďakujem.
(Applause)
(Potlesk)