Today's computers are so amazing that we fail to notice how terrible they really are. I'd like to talk to you today about this problem, and how we can fix it with neuroscience.
Današnji kompjuteri su toliko fantastični da ne priećujemo koliko su uistinu grozni. Želeo bih danas da vam govorim o ovom problemu i kako možemo da ga popravimo uz pomoć neuronauke.
First, I'd like to take you back to a frosty night in Harlem in 2011 that had a profound impact on me. I was sitting in a dive bar outside of Columbia University, where I studied computer science and neuroscience, and I was having this great conversation with a fellow student about the power of holograms to one day replace computers. And just as we were getting to the best part of the conversation, of course, his phone lights up. And he pulls it towards himself, and he looks down and he starts typing. And then he forces his eyeballs back up to mine and he goes, "Keep going. I'm with you." But of course his eyes were glazed over, and the moment was dead.
Prvo bih želeo da vas vratim u ledenu noć u Harlemu 2011. koja je ostavila dubok trag na meni. Sedeo sam u birtiji u blizini Univerziteta Kolumbija, gde sam studirao kompjuterske nauke i neuronauku i vodio sam sjajan razgovor sa kolegom o mogućnosti da će kompjutere jednog dana zameniti hologrami. I kako smo se približavali najboljem delu razgovora, naravno, telefon mu je zasvetleo. I on ga je primakao sebi, spustio pogled na njega i počeo da tipka. A potom je na silu usmerio pogled nazad u mene i rekao: "Nastavi. Slušam te." Ali naravno pogled mu je odlutao i trenutak je zamro.
Meanwhile across the bar, I noticed another student holding his phone, this time towards a group. He was swiping through pictures on Instagram, and these kids were laughing hysterically. And that dichotomy between how crappy I was feeling and how happy they were feeling about the same technology, really got me thinking. And the more I thought of it, the more I realized it was clearly not the digital information that was the bad guy here, it was simply the display position that was separating me from my friend and that was binding those kids together.
Istovremeno sam u baru primetio drugog studenta kako drži telefon, ovaj put usmeren ka grupi. Pregledao je slike na Instagramu i ovi klinci su se histerično smejali. A ta dihotomija između toga kako sam se bezveze ja osećao i kako su srećni oni bili zbog iste tehnologije, me je navela na razmišljanje. A što sam više razmišljao, sve mi je jasnije bilo da digitalna informacija nije bila negativac ovde, prosto me je položaj displeja razdvajao od mog prijatelja, a spajao je te klince.
See, they were connected around something, just like our ancestors who evolved their social cognitions telling stories around the campfire. And that's exactly what tools should do, I think. They should extend our bodies. And I think computers today are doing quite the opposite. Whether you're sending an email to your wife or you're composing a symphony or just consoling a friend, you're doing it in pretty much the same way. You're hunched over these rectangles, fumbling with buttons and menus and more rectangles. And I think this is the wrong way, I think we can start using a much more natural machine. We should use machines that bring our work back into the world. We should use machines that use the principles of neuroscience to extend our senses versus going against them.
Vidite, bili su povezani nečim, baš kao što su naši preci razvili svoju društvenu spoznaju pričajući priče oko logorske vatre. Mislim da bi upravo to trebalo da bude svrha oruđa. Trebalo bi da produže naša tela. A mislim da današnji kompjuteri postižu suprotno. Bilo da šaljete imejl svojoj supruzi ili komponujete simfoniju ili prosto tešite prijatelja, radite to na približno isti način. Pogrbljeni ste iznad ovih pravougaonika, napipavate tipke i menije i još pravougaonika. Mislim da je ovo pogrešno, mislim da možemo da počnemo koristiti prirodnije mašine. Trebalo bi da koristimo mašine koje vraćaju naš rad svetu. Trebalo bi da koristimo mašine koje koriste principe neuronauke da bi proširile naša čula, umesto što im se suprotstavljaju.
Now it just so happens that I have such a machine here. It's called the Meta 2. Let's try it out. Now in front of me right now, I can see the audience, and I can see my very hands. And in three, two, one, we're going to see an immersive hologram appear, a very realistic hologram appear in front of me, of our very glasses I'm wearing on my head right now. And of course this could be anything that we're shopping for or learning from, and I can use my hands to very nicely kind of move it around with fine control. And I think Iron Man would be proud. We're going to come back to this in just a bit.
Slučajno ovde imam takvu mašinu. Zove se meta 2. Isprobajmo je. Sad, vidim publiku ispred sebe i vidim sopstvene ruke. A za tri, dva, jedan, videćemo kako se pojavljuje trodimenzionalni hologram, preda mnom se pojavljuje veoma realističan hologram iz upravo ovih naočara koje su mi trenutno na glavi. I, naravno, to može da bude bilo šta što kupujemo ili izučavamo, i mogu da koristim ruke da to prefinjenim pokretima pomeram, uz finu kontrolu. I mislim da bi Gvozdeni čovek bio ponosan. Vratićemo se tome za kratko.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Now if you're anything like me, your mind is already reeling with the possibilities of what we can do with this kind of technology, so let's look at a few.
Sad, ako ste slični meni, vaš mozak već titra od mogućnosti koje pruža ovakva tehnologija, pa, pogledajmo nekolike.
My mom is an architect, so naturally the first thing I imagined was laying out a building in 3D space instead of having to use these 2D floor plans. She's actually touching graphics right now and selecting an interior decor. This was all shot through a GoPro through our very glasses.
Moja majka je arhitektkinja, pa sam, logično, prvo zamislio palniranje zgrade u 3D prostoru, umesto korošćenja ovih 2D planova za spratove. Ona zapravo upravo dodiruje grafiku i bira nameštaj za unutrašnjost. Sve ovo je snimljeno putem GoPro-a našim sopstvenim naočarima.
And this next use case is very personal to me, it's Professor Adam Gazzaley's glass brain project, courtesy of UCSF. As a neuroscience student, I would always fantasize about the ability to learn and memorize these complex brain structures with an actual machine, where I could touch and play with the various brain structures.
A sledeći vid upotrebe doživljavam krajnje lično, to je projekat staklenog mozga profesora Adama Gazaleja, ljubaznošću Univerziteta Kalifornija. Kao student neuronauke, oduvek sam maštao o mogućnosti učenja i memorisanja ovih složenih moždanih struktura uz pomoć stvarne mašine, gde bih mogao da dodirujem i da se igram raznim moždanim strukturama.
Now what you're seeing is called augmented reality, but to me, it's part of a much more important story -- a story of how we can begin to extend our bodies with digital devices, instead of the other way around.
Sad, ovo što vidite se naziva proširenom stvarnošću, ali, što se mene tiče, radi se o delu daleko važnije priče - priče kako možemo početi da nadograđujemo naša tela digitalnim spravama, umesto što radimo obratno.
Now ... in the next few years, humanity's going to go through a shift, I think. We're going to start putting an entire layer of digital information on the real world. Just imagine for a moment what this could mean for storytellers, for painters, for brain surgeons, for interior decorators and maybe for all of us here today. And what I think we need to do as a community, is really try and make an effort to imagine how we can create this new reality in a way that extends the human experience, instead of gamifying our reality or cluttering it with digital information. And that's what I'm very passionate about.
Sad... mislim da će u narednih nekoliko godina doći do preokreta u čovečanstvu. Počećemo da presvlačimo slojem digitalnih informacija stvarni svet. Samo zamislite na tren šta bi ovo moglo da znači pripovedačima, slikarima, neurohirurzima, dekoraterima interiora, a možda i svima nama koji smo danas ovde. A smatram da bismo kao zajednica zaista trebali da se potrudimo da zamislimo kako da stvorimo ovu novu stvarnost tako da ona proširi naša ljudska iskustva, umesto što će da ih izveštači ili zaguši digitalnim informacijama. A to je moja strast.
Now, I want to tell you a little secret. In about five years -- this is not the smallest device -- in about five years, these are all going to look like strips of glass on our eyes that project holograms. And just like we don't care so much about which phone we buy in terms of the hardware -- we buy it for the operating system -- as a neuroscientist, I always dreamt of building the iOS of the mind, if you will. And it's very, very important that we get this right, because we might be living inside of these things for at least as long as we've lived with the Windows graphical user interface. And I don't know about you, but living inside of Windows scares me.
Sad, želim da vam odam malu tajnu. Za oko pet godina - ovo nije baš mali uređaj - za oko pet godina, ovo će da izgleda poput parčeta stakla na našim očima koje projektuje holograme. I baš kao što nas nije mnogo briga za to koji telefon kupujemo, po pitanju hardvera - kupujemo ih zbog operativnog sistema - kao neuronaučnik, oduvek sam sanjao o pravljenju operativnog sistema za um, ako hoćete. I veoma, veoma je važno da to uradimo kako treba jer bismo mogli da živimo unutar ovih sprava bar onoliko koliko smo živeli sa Vindosovim korisničkim grafičkim interfejsom I ne znam za vas, ali život unutar Vindovsa me plaši.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
To isolate the single most intuitive interface out of infinity, we use neuroscience to drive our design guidelines, instead of letting a bunch of designers fight it out in the boardroom. And the principle we all revolve around is what's called the "Neural Path of Least Resistance."
Kako bismo dobili najintuitivniji interfejs od njih beskonačno, puštamo neuronauku da upravlja našom dizajnerskom direktivom, umesto da dozvolimo gomili dizajnera da se izbore za to na odborima. A princip oko koga se svi vrtimo se zove: "Nervna linija manjeg otpora".
At every turn, we're connecting the iOS of the brain with our brain on, for the first time, our brain's terms. In other words, we're trying to create a zero learning-curve computer. We're building a system that you've always known how to use.
U svakom slučaju, povezujemo OS mozga s našim mozgom, prvi put sledeći zakone mozga. Drugim rečima, pokušavamo da napravimo kompjuter bez prepreka u učenju. Pravimo sistem koji oduvek znate da koristite.
Here are the first three design guidelines that we employ in this brand-new form of user experience. First and foremost, you are the operating system. Traditional file systems are complex and abstract, and they take your brain extra steps to decode them. We're going against the Neural Path of Least Resistance. Meanwhile, in augmented reality, you can of course place your holographic TED panel over here, and your holographic email on the other side of the desk, and your spatial memory evolved just fine to go ahead and retrieve them. You could put your holographic Tesla that you're shopping for -- or whatever model my legal team told me to put in right before the show.
Ovo su prve tri dizajnerske direktive koje koristimo u ovom potpuno novom korisničkom iskustvu. Prvo i najvažnije, vi ste operativni sistem. Tradicionalni sistemi dokumenata su složeni i apstraktni i dodatno naprežu vaš mozak da biste ih dešifrovali. Suprotstavljamo se Nervnoj liniji manjeg otpora. U međuvremenu, u proširenoj stvarnosti, možete naravno da smestite svoj hologramski TED panel ovde, a svoj hologramski imejl s druge strane stola, a vaša prostorna memorija je savršeno evoluirala da bi ih povratila. Možete da stavite hologram tesle kojeg želite da kupite - ili bilo koji model koji mi je ekipa pravnika rekla da pokažem.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Perfect. And your brain knows exactly how to get it back.
Savršeno. A vaš mozak tačno zna kako da to vrati.
The second interface guideline we call "touch to see." What do babies do when they see something that grabs their interest? They try and reach out and touch it. And that's exactly how the natural machine should work as well. Turns out the visual system gets a fundamental boost from a sense we call proprioception -- that's the sense of our body parts in space. So by touching our work directly, we're not only going to control it better, we're also going to understand it much more deeply. Hence, touch to see.
Drugo pravilo za interfejs zovemo "videti dodirom". Šta bebe rade kada vide nešto što im zaokuplja pažnju? Pokušavaju da to dosegnu i dodirnu. I baš tako bi trebalo da prirodna mašina radi. Ispostavlja se da vizuelni sistem dobija temeljnu podršku od osećaja koji se zove propriocepcija - to je svest o našim delovima tela u prostoru. Pa direktnim dodirom našeg dela, ne samo da ćemo ga bolje kontrolisati, već ćemo ga i razumeti mnogo podrobnije. Stoga, videćete dodirom.
But it's not enough to experience things ourselves. We're inherently these social primates. And this leads me to our third guideline, the holographic campfire from our first story.
Ali nije dovoljno da sami nešto iskusimo. Mi smo po prirodi društveni primati. A to me dovodi do treće direktive, hologramske logorske vatre iz naše prve priče.
Our mirror-neuron subsystem suggests that we can connect with each other and with our work much better if we can see each other's faces and hands in 3D. So if you look at the video behind me, you can see two Meta users playing around with the same hologram, making eye contact, connected around this thing, instead of being distracted by external devices.
Naš podsistem neurona ogledala sugeriše da možemo mnogo bolje da se povežemo međusobno i s našim delom, ako jedni drugima možemo da vidimo lica i ruke u 3D-u. Pa, ako gledate snimak iza mene, možete da vidite dva korisnika mete kako se igraju istim hologramom, kontaktiraju očima, povezuje ih ova stvar, umesto da ih ometaju spoljni uređaji.
Let's go ahead and try this again with neuroscience in mind. So again, our favorite interface, the iOS of the mind. I'm going to now take a step further and go ahead and grab this pair of glasses and leave it right here by the desk. I'm now with you, I'm in the moment, we're connecting. My spatial memory kicks in, and I can go ahead and grab it and bring it right back here, reminding me that I am the operating system. And now my proprioception is working, and I can go ahead and explode these glasses into a thousand parts and touch the very sensor that is currently scanning my hand.
Pokušajmo ovo opet, imajući u vidu neuronauku. Dakle, opet, naš omiljeni interfejs, operativni sistem uma. Sada ću da odem korak dalje i zgrabiću ovaj par naočara i ostaviću ih baš ovde pored stola. Tenutno sam s vama, prisutan sam, povezani smo. Moja prostorna memorija reaguje i mogu da ih uhvatim i da ih vratim tačno ovde, uz podsećanje da sam ja operativni sistem. A sad radi moja propriocepcija i mogu da učinim da ove naočare eksplodiraju u hiljadu delova i dodorujem sami senzor koji mi trenutno skenira ruku.
But it's not enough to see things alone, so in a second, my co-founder Ray is going to make a 3D call -- Ray?
Ali nije dovoljno samo videti stvari, pa će za sekund moj saosnivač Rej da napravi 3D poziv - Rej?
(Ringing)
(Zvono)
Hey Ray, how's it going? Guys, I can see this guy in front me in full 3D. And he is photo-realistic.
Hej Rej, šta ima? Ljudi, vidim ovog momka pred sobom u 3D-u. I on je fotorealističan.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
My mirror-neuron subsystem suggests that this is going to replace phones in not too long. Ray, how's it going?
Moj podsistem neurona ogledala sugeriše da će ovo da zameni telefone uskoro. Rej, kako si?
Ray: Great. We're live today.
Rej: Sjajno. Danas idemo uživo.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
MG: Ray, give the crowd a gift of the holographic brain we saw from the video earlier. Guys, this is not only going to change phones, it's also going to change the way we collaborate.
MG: Rej, pokloni publici hologramski mozak koji smo malopre videli na snimku. Ljudi, ovo ne samo da će da promeni telefone, već će i da promeni način na koji sarađujemo.
Thank you so much.
Mnogo ti hvala.
Thanks, Ray.
Hvala, Rej.
Ray: You're welcome.
Rej: Nema na čemu.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
MG: So folks, this is the message that I discovered in that bar in 2011: The future of computers is not locked inside one of these screens. It's right here, inside of us.
MG: Dakle, ljudi, ovo je poruka koju sam otkrio u baru 2011: budućnost kompjutera nije zarobljena unutar ovih ekrana. Ona je baš tu, unutar nas.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
So if there's one idea that I could leave you with here today, it's that the natural machine is not some figment of the future, it's right here in 2016. Which is why all hundred of us at Meta, including the administrative staff, the executives, the designers, the engineers -- before TED2017, we're all going to be throwing away our external monitors and replacing them with a truly and profoundly more natural machine.
Pa, ako želim da izvučete neku pouku danas ovde, to je da prirodna mašina nije nekakava izmšljotina iz budućnosti, ona je ovde u 2016. Zato ćemo svih stotinu nas iz Mete, uključujući administrativno osoblje, direktore, dizajnere, inženjere - pre TED2017, svi ćemo da pobacamo naše spoljne monitore i da ih zamenimo istinski i suštinski prirodnijom mašinom.
Thank you very much.
Mnogo vam hvala.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)
Thank you, appreciate it. Thanks, guys.
Hvala vam, zahvaljujem. Hvala, ljudi.
Chris Anderson: So help me out on one thing, because there've been a few augmented reality demos shown over the last year or so out there. And there's sometimes a debate among technologists about, are we really seeing the real thing on-screen? There's this issue of field of view, that somehow the technology is showing a broader view than you would actually see wearing the glasses. Were we seeing the real deal there?
Kris Anderson: Dakle, pomozi mi oko jedne stvari jer imali smo nekoliko demonstracija proširene stvarnosti u protekloj godini, tako nešto. I ponekad imamo debatu među tehnolozima o tome da li zaista vidimo pravu stvar na ekranu? Postoji pitanje vidnog polja, da nam tehnologija nekako pokazuje širi pogled nego što biste zapravo videli noseći naočare. Da li smo upravo videli pravu stvar?
MG: Absolutely the real deal. Not only that, we took extra measures to shoot it with a GoPro through the actual lens in the various videos that you've seen here. We want to try to simulate the experience for the world that we're actually seeing through the glasses, and not cut any corners.
MG: Apsolutno pravu stvar. Ne samo to, preduzeli smo dodatne mere i snimili GoPro-om kroz stvarno sočivo niz snimaka koje ste ovde videli. Želimo da pokušamo da simuliramo iskustvo sveta koje zapravo vidimo kroz naočare i da ne sečemo uglove.
CA: Thank you so much for showing us that.
KA: Mnogo ti hvala što si nam ovo pokazao.
MG: Thanks so much, I appreciate that.
MG: Mnogo vam hvala, zahvaljujem.