What do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths? (Roar) What if I told you they are all variants of the same hero? Do you believe that? Joseph Campbell did. He studied myths from all over the world and published a book called "The Hero with a Thousand Faces," retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Hero's Journey.
哈利波特 凱妮絲‧艾佛丁 佛羅多 這些角色和古神話英雄有什麼共同點? 要是我告訴你,他們其實是同一個英雄的化身 你相信嗎? Joseph Campbell相信 他研究世界神話後 出版了一本名為 「千面英雄」的書 書中重述了幾個故事 解釋每個故事中表現出「一元神話」 或「英雄之旅」之處
So, what is the "hero's journey"?
所以,何謂「英雄之旅」?
Think of it as a cycle. The journey begins and ends in a hero's ordinary world, but the quest passes through an unfamiliar, special world. Along the way, there are some key events. Think about your favorite book or movie. Does it follow this pattern?
就把它想成是一種循環的過程吧 英雄之旅的開始和結束,都在英雄的平凡世界 但冒險旅程卻發生在另一個陌生、不凡的世界中 過程中,則會發生一些大事 想想你最喜歡的一本書或一部電影 是不是符合這個公式呢?
Status quo, that's where we start. 1:00: Call to Adventure. The hero receives a mysterious message. An invitation, a challenge? 2:00: Assistance The hero needs some help, probably from someone older, wiser. 3:00: Departure The hero crosses the threshold from his normal, safe home, and enters the special world and adventure. We're not in Kansas anymore. 4:00: Trials Being a hero is hard work: our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. 5:00: Approach It's time to face the biggest ordeal, the hero's worst fear. (Roar) 6:00: Crisis This is the hero's darkest hour. He faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. 7:00: Treasure (Roar) As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power. 8:00: Result This can vary between stories. Do the monsters bow down before the hero, or do they chase him as he flees from the special world? 9:00: Return After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world. 10:00: New Life This quest has changed the hero; he has outgrown his old life. 11:00: Resolution All the tangled plot lines get straightened out. 12:00: Status Quo, but upgraded to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.
現狀,是開始的地方 1點鐘:冒險開始 英雄接到了一則神秘訊息 一封邀請函? 或是一場挑戰? 2點鐘:支援出現 英雄需要幫手 或許是哪位年長的智者 3點鐘:啓程 英雄步出平凡安穩的家門 踏入不凡的世界展開冒險 我們再也不在老家了 4點鐘:試煉 當英雄可不簡單 要能解謎 屠龍 自陷阱逃脫 5點鐘:任務 該是英雄面對最大考驗 惡夢成真的時候了 6點鐘:危機 這是最黑暗的時刻 英雄要面對死亡,甚至為了能夠重生 必須先死過一次 7點鐘:寶物 渡過危難,英雄會獲得一樣寶物 特別身分、或是權力 8點鐘:結果 每個故事各有不同 看是怪物伏首稱臣 或是被成功地驅離他方 9點鐘:榮歸 結束冒險旅程後,英雄回歸平凡 10點:新人生 這趟旅程改變了英雄 他再也不是昔日吳下阿蒙 11點鐘:解答 所有未解環結終於被一一解開 12點鐘:現狀 但卻是嶄新的一頁
Many popular books and movies follow this ancient formula pretty closely. But let's see how well "The Hunger Games" fits the hero's journey template. When does Katniss Everdeen hear her call to adventure that gets the story moving? When her sister's name is called from the lottery. How about assistance? Is anyone going to help her on her adventure? Haymitch. What about departure? Does she leave her ordinary world? She gets on a train to the capital. OK, so you get the idea.
一旦成為英雄,所有事都不一樣了 許多暢銷書和電影 都十分貼近這樣的公式 現在讓我們來看看「飢餓遊戲」 如何完美地套用這個英雄公式 凱妮絲‧艾佛丁的冒險故事 開始於何處? 是當她的小妹妹被抽中了樂透 她的支援呢? 有誰來幫助她嗎? 指導員黑密契 啓程時呢? 她是不是離開了她的平凡世界? 搭上了前往首都的火車 好,你現在有個概念了吧!
What do you have in common with Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo? Well, you're human, just like them. The Hero's Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you, and then you recover and do it again. You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, "In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek." What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter? Auditions for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?
你和 哈利波特 凱妮絲‧艾佛丁 以及佛羅多之間的共同點是什麼? 你是一個平凡人,就像他們一樣 英雄之旅存在於所有的文化中 而且不斷的地推陳出新 因為藉由這些代表了自身生活的象徵性故事 我們反映出了所處世界 你離開了熟悉的一切 歷經足以轉變一生的經驗 然後從中復元,再次展開下一次循環 你當然不用真的去屠龍或是對抗佛地魔 但是面對的問題卻同樣嚇人 Joseph Campbell說 「不敢踏足的洞穴裡,才藏著寶藏。」 你害怕的那個洞穴是什麼呢? 學校的戲劇公演? 籃球隊的選秀賽? 談戀愛?
Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. But also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.
在所接觸到的書本、電影 和電視節目裡找找看這個英雄公式吧! 你一定可以看到的 但對日常生活也要保持敏銳 等待屬於你的冒險故事開始 勇於接受挑戰 克服心中恐懼 追尋渴望的寶藏 然後