What do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths? (Roar) What if I told you they are all variants of the same hero? Do you believe that? Joseph Campbell did. He studied myths from all over the world and published a book called "The Hero with a Thousand Faces," retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Hero's Journey.
哈利·波特 凯尼斯‧艾佛丁 佛罗多 这些角色和古代神话英雄有什么共同点? 如果我说他们其实是同一个英雄的化身 你相信吗? 约瑟夫‧坎贝尔信了 他研究世界神话 出版了一本名为 《千面英雄》的书 书中重述了好几个故事 解释每个故事是如何表现一元神话 或英雄之旅
So, what is the "hero's journey"?
那么 什么是英雄之旅?
Think of it as a cycle. The journey begins and ends in a hero's ordinary world, but the quest passes through an unfamiliar, special world. Along the way, there are some key events. Think about your favorite book or movie. Does it follow this pattern?
把它想成是一种循环的过程 英雄之旅的起始和结束都在英雄的平凡世界 但冒险旅程却发生在另一个陌生特别的世界中 旅程中会发生一些大事 想一想你最喜欢的书或电影 是不是符合这个公式呢?
Status quo, that's where we start. 1:00: Call to Adventure. The hero receives a mysterious message. An invitation, a challenge? 2:00: Assistance The hero needs some help, probably from someone older, wiser. 3:00: Departure The hero crosses the threshold from his normal, safe home, and enters the special world and adventure. We're not in Kansas anymore. 4:00: Trials Being a hero is hard work: our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. 5:00: Approach It's time to face the biggest ordeal, the hero's worst fear. (Roar) 6:00: Crisis This is the hero's darkest hour. He faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. 7:00: Treasure (Roar) As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power. 8:00: Result This can vary between stories. Do the monsters bow down before the hero, or do they chase him as he flees from the special world? 9:00: Return After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world. 10:00: New Life This quest has changed the hero; he has outgrown his old life. 11:00: Resolution All the tangled plot lines get straightened out. 12:00: Status Quo, but upgraded to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.
现状 是开始的地方 一点钟:冒险开始 英雄接到了一则神秘讯息 一封邀请函? 或是一场挑战? 两点钟:支援出现 英雄需要帮手 或许是哪位年长的智者 三点钟:启程 英雄步出平凡安稳的家门 踏入不凡的世界展开冒险 我们再也不在老家了 四点钟:考验 当英雄可不简单 要能解谜 杀死怪物 逃脱陷阱 五点钟:任务 此时 英雄面对最严峻考验 面对内心的恐惧 六点钟:危机 这是最黑暗的时刻 英雄要面对死亡甚至为了能够重生 必须先死过一次 七点钟:宝物 渡过危难 英雄会获得一样宝物 特别的认知 或是力量 八点钟;结果 每个故事各有不同 是怪物俯首称臣 还是怪物紧追不放 英雄逃离这个特别的世界 就点钟:荣归 结束冒险旅程后 英雄回归平凡 十点钟:新人生 这趟旅程改变了英雄 他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙 十一点钟:解答 所有未解环节终于被一一解开 十二点钟:现状 但提升到新的水平
Many popular books and movies follow this ancient formula pretty closely. But let's see how well "The Hunger Games" fits the hero's journey template. When does Katniss Everdeen hear her call to adventure that gets the story moving? When her sister's name is called from the lottery. How about assistance? Is anyone going to help her on her adventure? Haymitch. What about departure? Does she leave her ordinary world? She gets on a train to the capital. OK, so you get the idea.
一旦成为英雄 所有事都不一样了 许多畅销书和电影 都十分贴近这样的公式 现在我们来看看《饥饿游戏》如何完美地套用这个英雄公式 凯尼斯‧艾佛丁的冒险故事 开始于何处? 是她的小妹妹被抽中了 她的支援呢? 有谁来帮助她吗? 指导员黑密斯 启程呢? 她是不是离开了原本平凡世界? 搭上了前往首都的火车 好 你现在有个概念了吧!
What do you have in common with Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo? Well, you're human, just like them. The Hero's Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you, and then you recover and do it again. You don't literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, "In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek." What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter? Auditions for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?
你和 哈利·波特 凯尼斯‧艾佛丁 以及佛罗多之间的共同点是什么? 你是一个平凡人 和他们一样 英雄之旅存在于所有的文化中 并且不断地推陈出新 因为我们人类通过自身生活中极具象征性的故事 反映出所处的世界 你离开了熟悉的一切 历经了足以改变一生的事件 然后从中复元 再次展开下一次循环 你当然不用真的去杀死怪物或是对抗伏地魔 但是面对的问题却同样吓人 约瑟夫‧坎贝尔说 “在你不敢踏足的洞穴里躺着你在寻找的宝藏。” 你害怕的那个洞穴是什么呢? 学校的戏剧公演? 篮球队的选秀赛? 谈恋爱?
Watch for this formula in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. But also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.
在所接触的书 电影和电视剧里找找这个英雄公式吧 你一定会看到的 但对日常生活也要保持敏锐 等待属于你的冒险故事的开始 勇于接受挑战 克服心中恐惧 追寻渴望的宝藏 然后