We've been asked to address the theme of changing conversations. And I think certainly in the field that I'm in, that's a really important point to be at. From the discourses that are going on within architecture as well as throughout society, I think it is time to change the way that we look at things. As an architect, I've been involved with architectural projects, with urban planning projects, and more recently, projects that engage much more with the landscape. Now I can see so many opportunities and so many ways in which design can contribute and has the capacity to effect social change. And that's what I'm going to talk to you today about.
我们被要求做一个 主题为改变对话的演讲。 我当然认为在我所在的领域里, 这是非常重要的一点。 考虑到建筑学以及整个社会 正在进行的对话, 我认为是时候改变 我们看待事物的方式了。 作为一名建筑师,我参与了建筑项目, 还有城市规划项目, 最近,项目更多地涉及景观。 我可以看到 设计有能力影响社会变革的 很多机会和方式。 这就是我今天要和你们谈的事情。
Starting off, I think it might be useful to talk a little bit about architecture, because I think for many people, architecture is a slightly mystical activity. Not many people know what architects do. A lot of the time, I'm not sure the architects know what they're doing. But we try, and it's important to try and embrace that and try and understand what that means. When I talk about architecture today, I'm not talking about the profession. I'm not talking about an activity that's pursued by a select group of people with some specialized knowledge. I'm talking about architecture in the bigger sense: architecture in terms of the room that we're in, architecture as a pervasive activity, architecture as the activity that is the creation of shelter, the creation of space, the design and the creation of spaces between buildings, the landscape. It's man's interaction with the landscape. Our construction of the built environment -- that's what I mean by architecture. It's not a specialized thing.
首先,我认为谈论点建筑学可能很有用, 因为我想对于很多人来说, 建筑学是一个略带神秘感的学科。 很多人并不知道建筑师在做什么。 很多时候,我也不确定 建筑师是否清楚他们在做什么。 但我们在尝试, 试着接纳和理解那意味着什么 是很重要的。 今天我谈论建筑,不是在谈论这个职业。 我不是在说具有某些专业知识, 被选中的特定的一群人 所进行的活动。 我在讨论更广义上的建筑学: 与我们所居住的屋子有关的建筑学, 作为普遍性的活动的, 发明了庇护所, 创建了空间, 设计并创建建筑之间的空间 以及景观的建筑学。 它代表着人与景观的互动。 我们对于已建成环境的建设—— 这正是我用“建筑学”所指代的东西。 它不是一个专业的事情。
And over the last, I suppose, 20 or 30 years, with the predominance of the internet and the wonderful and exciting advancements that are taking place in technology, one of the things that has happened is that our perception of the world has become commodified. It's become reduced in many ways to a perception that is two-dimensional. We spend a lot of our time, a lot of our lives, looking at the world through screens, whether it's our laptops or television screens or monitors at airports or in the workplace or even our telephones are now screens. And it has this effect of reducing our perception of the world. It expands it in many ways, but it can reduce it, it can turn into icons our idea or our notion of certain concepts or ideas that are, in fact, maybe a lot more pervasive than the two-dimensional image can convey. And I think that's true about architecture. I think we've grown accustomed to thinking about architecture in a really primarily two-dimensional way, in a flat way, that the building is about what it looks like, how it appears, it's visual commodity.
我想,在过去20或者30年, 在互联网以及技术方面 正在发生的伟大的,令人激动的进步 所主导的情况下, 发生的其中一件事 就是我们对于世界的感知 已经变得商业化了。 它在很多方面已经缩减成为 一种二维的感知。 我们花费了自己很多时间 通过屏幕来观察世界, 无论是我们的笔记本电脑,电视屏幕, 还是机场和办公场所的显示器, 甚至我们的手机现在都是显示器了。 它有减少我们对于世界感知的副作用。 它在以很多方式扩展,但也可以缩减, 它会把我们的想法或者我们 关于特定概念的见解转化成图标, 或者想法,事实上可能更具有普遍性, 比二维图片可传达更多信息。 我认为这点对于建筑学也适用。 我认为我们已经养成习惯, 以一种主要的, 二维的,平面的方式来思考建筑学。 建筑是关于它看起来 应该是什么样,怎样出现, 是一种可视的商品。
But it's much more than that. It's much more than an aesthetic or just a sensory experience. That's very important, but it's much more than that. It's a complex operation. And a big part of architecture and a big part of design involves understanding the context in which that design exists or in which it's going to exist. It's having the imagination to try and predict or project where the building or where the urban space or where the landscape is going to be located, how it's going to be used, what are the operations, what are the activities that are going to take place in that space. And you might call those the programmatic aspects of architecture, the programmatic aspects of design. And I think that in recent times, we've tended to privilege or put at a higher level that visual sensory perception or desire about architecture ahead and in advance of those programmatic needs. We've tended to kind of create monuments, create icons that create a sensation or create effect, without really thinking through the value of the operation that those places or those spaces can affect. And it's in that zone or in that area that I think we need to start looking or trying to understand how architecture or how design can really impact on society, and how it can address some of the problems that we're facing.
但建筑学并不只是这些。 它比一个美学或者感官上的 体验要丰富得多。 这一点很重要, 但它又不止于此。 它是一个复杂的操作。 建筑学和设计学中很大的一部分工作 会涉及到对于背景的理解, 而这些背景正是设计已经存在 或者将要被添加进去的背景。 是关于拥有尝试预测或者设计的想象力, 建筑,都市空间 或者景观应该定位在哪里, 它将会怎样被使用, 在那个地方有哪些操作, 有哪些活动。 你可以把这些事情称为 建筑的纲领性方面, 还有设计的纲领性方面。 并且我认为最近,我们已经趋向于特权化 或者把其放在更高的位置,我指的是 这些可视化的感官感觉 或者关于建筑的欲望 被放在了这些纲领性需求的前面。 我们已经趋向于创造纪念物, 创造标识符, 它们可以创造感觉或者效果, 而没有真正的考虑这些地点 或者空间可以影响到的 那些操作的价值。 正是在这个地带或者区域, 我认为我们需要开始关注 或者尝试理解 景观或者设计可以 怎样真正的来影响社会, 还有它怎样来解决那些 我们正在面临的问题。
The big buzzword in design and in what I do and I think what everybody does is the idea of sustainability. Sustainability is an idea, a notion or a concept that's triangulated by three very important concepts or ideas: the environment, the economy and society. Well, the global economy seems to be currently in a kind of meltdown situation. A lot of work needs to be done there. The environment that we live in is challenged. We've got global warming, we've got rising tides, we've got all sorts of disasters taking place, all sorts of things happening that threaten the equilibrium of the world and the environment that we live in. And society itself is also challenged and threatened by some of the issues that we're faced with. I think we've heard about some of those issues today and the need to change the paradigm in which we perceive those things. It's really very crucial that we do that.
在设计和我从事工作中, 以及其他人的工作中, 一个比较重要的理念就是可持续性。 可持续性是一个想法,观点或者概念, 它是由三个重要的概念 或者想法组成的一个三角形: 环境,经济和社会。 全球经济目前看起来 还处在一种无序状态。 有许多工作需要去做。 我们居住的环境也面临着挑战。 我们在经历全球变暖,海平面上升, 以及各种各样正在发生的灾难, 各种事情正在发生, 这些事情威胁到了世界的平衡 和我们所居住的环境。 社会本身正在遭受威胁, 它们来自于我们正在面临的问题。 我想我们都听说过 一些今天所面临的问题, 还有需要改变我们获取这些东西的方法。 付出行动是很重要的事情。
So how does design impact that? How can how can I, as a designer, or anybody as a designer or any architect or how can society -- in what way can design impact on that, in what way can it affect that? I'm going to talk today about ways in which I think design can impact on society, very specifically on society, and how that idea of design can infiltrate the idea of society and work with society in the operations of society in this programmatic way to effect social change. This is an image of Frederick Street in the early part of the last century. And I think it's a good image in lots of ways. It seems like that little triangulation of the environment, the economy and society seems to be in a kind of balance. So it seems that in cities we can see that balance that cities are symbols or ciphers or ways in which we can we can understand the confluence of those forces.
那么设计学做出怎样影响呢? 作为一个设计师 或者任何一个设计师, 或者任何一个架构师, 或者社会可以怎样—— 设计学可以用什么样的 方式来影响那些问题, 它可以用什么样的方式来影响那些问题? 我今天将要讨论 我认为设计可以以 什么样的方式来影响社会, 以非常特殊的方式来影响社会, 还有设计能以什么样的方式 浸润社会观念, 并且在社会运营过程中与社会协作, 以有计划的方式 来影响社会变革。 这是上世纪早期的一张 佛雷德里克街的照片。 我认为无论从哪个角度来说, 这都是一张好照片。 它看起来就像是 由环境,经济和社会组成的 一个小的三角形, 看起来处于一种平衡中。 所以,似乎在城市里 我们可以看到这种平衡, 城市成为符号或者密码 或者一些途径,我们可以 通过这些途径理解这些力量的聚集。
And through time, there have been times when cities have done that very successfully. There are lots of examples of very good cities which have found themselves at a specific moment in time at a point of balance or equilibrium. If we look at Port of Spain as a city, and we consider the idea that, once upon a time, Port of Spain was just a little cluster, a little fishing village at the mouth of the St. Ann's River. And yet it's grown to be such a big, complex conglomeration, a big conurbation of lots and lots of complex ideas.
并且通过时间, 曾经有一段时间, 城市把这些做的很成功。 有很多很好的城市典范, 这些城市在特定的时间点发现自己处在 一种平衡或者均衡的点上。 如果我们把西班牙港 当做一个城市来看待, 并且我们考虑这样一个想法, 西班牙港曾经只是一个小小的聚集地, 处在圣安河口的一个小渔村。 然而,它已经成长为 如此庞大的一个复杂的聚集物, 成为一个拥有很多很多 复杂思想的大都市了。
The Italian architect Aldo Rossi, a 20th-century architect who died at the end of the last century, made a very profound statement. He said architecture is the making of the city over time. I think that's a great statement, because it talks, on one level, about the individual production and manufacture of an object -- architecture -- and it talks about architecture as being a form of cultural production, as something that speaks to an issue or speaks to ideas that are bigger than the sum of the parts of the building, and it relates it to the city.
意大利的阿尔多·罗西, 一个在上世纪末去世的建筑设计师, 发表过一个著名的言论。 他说建筑学就是随着时间的 流逝创造城市的过程。 我想这是一个伟大的陈述 因为它在一个水平上讨论了特定对象的 独立生产和制造——建筑学—— 并且它把建筑学作为 一种文化产品的形式来讨论, 作为某种可以讲述 一个问题的事物来讨论, 或者阐明了一个比建筑 其他部分总和还强大的观点。 而且它自身与城市相关联。
It also suggested that it's a constant, dynamic, changing process. And I think that's a very important thing to understand, that it's also part of the program. It's nothing to do with visual, it's to do with the program. It's how does this evolve, what are the dynamics, what are the components, what are the elements that contribute to the unraveling and the creation of the city? It also speaks to the fact that the city is something that can be imagined. In the same way as we can conceive and imagine of a space or a building, we can conceive and imagine of a city. And it speaks to the idea of the individual and the collective. And it's that link -- the individual to the collective, the idea of the civitas, the idea of the society -- that I think is a really important axiom for understanding how design can infiltrate and how design can effect change.
它同时表明它是 一个持续,动态改变的过程。 我认为这是一个需要理解的重要事情, 它同样也是计划的一部分。 它与视觉无关,而与计划有关。 也就是它怎样进化的,背后的动力学, 成分和元素 为城市的阐述和创造做出了贡献。 它同样阐明了一个事实,那就是 城市是一个可以想象的事物。 我们可以用同样的方式来设想 或者想象一个空间或者建筑, 我们可以设想或想象一个城市。 它讲述了独立化和集合化的想法。 并且正是这个连接——从独立化到集合化, 公民的观念,社会的观念—— 是一个真正意义上重要的格言, 它帮助我们理解设计学怎样渗透 和影响变革。
These are some images of how Port of Spain evolved over a relatively short period of 200 years, from a colonial plan that was developed following some ordinances sent out by the king of Spain, called the Laws of the Indies. Many cities in the Caribbean and Latin America were predicated and formulated on this. It was a gesture, it was a single design that addressed the needs and the requirements of those establishing cities and new colonies. And it expanded, and over time, as trade began to develop in Trinidad, the city expanded, and it grew, and it started appropriating, more and more, the surrounding landscape, until it grew to pretty much what we have today, or what we understand to be the city of Port of Spain.
这里有一些西班牙港在过去200年, 这一相对较短的时间内发展的照片, 遵循着一个殖民时期计划, 该计划遵循一些 由西班牙国王提出的条例而形成, 叫作印度群岛法律。 加勒比海和拉丁美洲的很多城市 都遵循并执行这个法律。 就是这么一个姿态, 就是这么简单的一个设计, 它传递了那些需要和需求 这些需求来自于那些 建设中的城市和殖民地。 它在不断扩张,时光流逝, 当特里尼拉达岛的 贸易开始发展时, 城市也在扩张和增长, 并且它开始越来越多的 占用周边的土地, 直到它成长为今天我们看到的样子, 或者成长为我们理解中的 西班牙港应有的样子。
But as we all know, that process grew also on a kind of macro scale as well. We have the evolution and the development of this big conurbation that stretches from Port of Spain to the west and over to Arouca in the east and seems to be continuing. So we've developed into this concept or idea that far exceeds the original Laws of the Indies plan. And it's turned into a complex arrangement and matrix of infrastructures and complex issues, issues that, in many ways, have led to a lot of problems. They've led to a lot of infrastructural problems. And we share this with many, many cities in the world. Cities all over the world are expanding, they're increasing, they're undergoing the same type of development that we've undergone to the point where the original Port of Spain and the downtown Port of Spain that used to comprise the city, used to constitute the city, has now turned into this sort of megalopolis, this sprawl, and it's difficult to comprehend. And when we think of the problems, we think of the infrastructural problems: the water, the power, the traffic congestion, the crime, the segregation, the polarization that exists, the situation that has led to what's happened in this country recently with the state of emergency ... Sometimes it seems completely insurmountable. It seems like we've got to a point where we can't really control it in the way that we can control that original plan. We can't really control this anymore. It's almost as if we're victims of the city, rather than people that have willingly or willfully designed the city or formulated the city.
但众所周知 过程的成长同样建立在 一种宏观规模之上。 我们取得了这些大的 卫星城市的进化和发展 这些城市从西班牙港延伸到西部, 穿过了东部的阿鲁卡, 而且好像还在继续。 所以我们发明了这个概念或者观点, 它远远超越了原来的 印度群岛计划的法律。 它转变为一个 关于基础设施和复杂问题的布局。 这些复杂的问题,在很多方面 已经引发了很多问题。 它们已经引发了许多基础设施的问题。 我们把这些分享给世界上的许多城市。 全世界的城市都在扩张, 在经历我们曾经历过的同样类型的发展, 比如原来的西班牙港和西班牙港市中心 曾组成了这个城市,曾构成了这个城市 而现在已经转变成了这种 特大的,蔓延的城市, 并且这点理解起来很难。 当我们想到这些问题时, 我们想到了基础设施的问题:水,电, 交通堵塞, 犯罪,种族隔离, 还有两极分化, 那些案例已经引发了 在国家近期所发生的问题, 在一种紧急状况之中 。。。 有时候它看起来无法克服。 好像我们到达了某个点, 我们无法真正像控制原来的计划i一样 控制目前的状态。 我们再也无法控制住形势了。 就像我们是这个城市的受害者, 而不像是欣然的设计了这个城市 或者表述这个城市。
Another phenomenon that has happened commensurate with these issues of size and scale of infrastructure is the predomination of what I would call "typologies," different types of development. We're all familiar with the high-rise development. This is some buildings in Hong Kong, you know, the magnificent, tall structures that cost a fortune to build. But they predominate; it's almost as if you can't have a city unless you've got a high-rise building in it. They're symbolic, they seem emblematic with modernity and development. And then shopping malls is another predominant type, another prevalent type that all cities want to have, the idea that you can concentrate all these shops and all this retail activity in one place and create an environment for people to come and do specific retail functions and purchase things and be in a specific place at a specific time. And then the highway, the idea of cutting through landscapes to create how it's to increase the speed with which we can get from one point to another. And then we also have suburban development. These are all typologies that are emblematic of the type of development that has taken place in modern cities, in Port of Spain and cities all over the world.
另外一个已经发生的现象与这些问题在 基础设施的规模上相当的, 就是我所说的 “类型学”的主导, 不同类型的发展。 我们都熟悉这些高楼层的发展。 这就是香港的一些建筑, 那些巨大的超高的结构 需要花费大笔钱来建设。 但是它们占主导地位, 就好像如果你没有 一个超高建筑在其中的话 你就不可能拥有一个城市一样。 它们是符号,是现代化和发达的标志。 购物商场又是另外一种主导类型, 另外一种城市想要拥有的流行方式。 其核心在于你可以把所有的商店 和零售活动聚集到一个地方, 并且创造一个供人们来 从事指定零售功能的环境, 并且购买东西,而且是 在指定地点和指点时间。 然后就是高速公路的想法,穿越风景线 来创造出如何提高 从一个点到另一个点的速度。 我们同样也有郊区发展。 有很多种类型学, 它们是现代城市中已发生的发展的标志, 比如西班牙港以及其他遍布全球的城市。
Now, there's nothing wrong with shopping malls, there's nothing wrong with highways, and there's nothing wrong with high-rise buildings or suburban development. What is kind of wrong is that what we seem to be doing is privileging types or ways of building or ideas about building above other really very important ways of how we can conceive or how we imagine space. What about schools? What about parks? What about making streets that are really comfortable to walk on and the people are not confronting traffic noise and congestion all the time? Where is that in the equation?
购物商场没有任何问题, 高速路没有任何问题, 同样高楼大厦或者郊区的发展 也没有任何问题。 出问题的地方在于, 我们目前在做的事情似乎 是一种特权的类型或者建筑方式, 或者关于建筑的观点, 它凌驾于关于我们怎样设想, 或者怎样构思空间 等其它真正重要的方式。 学校怎么样? 公园怎么样? 打造一些真正走起来很舒适 而且人们永远不会遭遇噪音 和交通拥塞的街道会怎么样? 它在方程式中的什么地方?
It seems that with our focus on these types of structures and these typologies, which are motivated and driven primarily because they generate profit, they're part of an economic consumer system, they generate profit, that's why they're favored, that's why they are privileged above other types of development. But schools, parks, elements of cities that used to be really significant and really important are being diminished and marginalized as a consequence of the focus on this type of development. They're undermining the integrity of the city, they're undermining the capacity of the city to accommodate social interaction, to accommodate everybody, because the other thing is they're also exclusive. To work in a high-end office, you need to be qualified, you need to be educated, or you need to have access or the resources to get the qualifications or the training that allow you to get the job in there. If you don't have those, you work outside somewhere. We're not concerned about what those places are like, you just go and work somewhere else.
看起来我们聚焦于 这些种类的结构和这些类型学上, 这样做主要是出于它们能产生利润, 它们是经济型消费系统的一部分, 它们产生利润,这就是它们更受关注, 优先于其它种类发展的原因。 但是学校, 公园, 还有那些曾经很关键和重要的城市元素 却正在被削弱和边缘化, 这就是聚焦于这种类型发展上的后果。 它们正在腐蚀城市的完整性, 它们正在腐蚀城市在 适应社会互动和适应每一个人 这些方面的能力, 因为它们同时也是排他的。 要在一个高端办公室工作,你需要被授权, 你需要受过教育, 或者你要有权限或者资源 来获取这些资格或者培训, 从而获得这里的工作。 如果你没有这些, 就只能在其它什么地方工作。 我们并不在乎这些地方是什么样子, 你只要走开并且去其它任何地方工作。
Similarly, those people that used to live in the cities or used to live and contribute to the life of cities are being pushed out because buildings like high-rise buildings push them out. There's a premium on land price that pushes people out of cities. People can't go to shopping malls unless they've got cars, because those malls are generally located on the peripheries of cities. People can't go buy things in shopping malls, because they don't have enough disposable income; they're not going to spend money there. So those types of buildings, whilst they work for sectors of society, don't work for everybody. They're not equitable. Yet, an undue amount of attention is paid by government, by society on ensuring that those types of buildings proliferate, because they're seen as positive aspects of development -- at the expense of types of building and types of program that could be beneficial to everybody, types of program that encourage interaction, that encourage education, that encourage people to be with each other and encourage a sense of community. These types of development dissipate society, they disaggregate society, they polarize society. They create isolated groups of activity to which access depends upon how much money you've got in your pocket. It's a polarizing and negative force. We see it in this city, and we're seeing it more and more other cities.
类似的,曾经居住在城市中的人们 或者曾经居住并且 为城市生活做出贡献的人们 正在被摩天大厦驱逐出城市的中心。 地皮的溢价把人们驱逐出了城市。 没有车开,人们无法去往购物中心, 因为这些商场通常都建设在城市边缘。 人们不能去购物中心买东西, 是因为他们没有足够的可支配收入; 他们也就不打算去那里花钱。 所以这种类型建筑通常 只为社会的一个几个部分服务, 而不是为每个人服务。 这是不公平的。 然而,政府和社会付出了过多的努力 来保证这些类型的建筑数量还在不断增加, 因为它们被当做是发展的积极方面—— 付出的代价就是服务于每个人的 建筑和项目没有容身之地, 能够促进交流的项目, 能够促进教育的项目, 能够鼓励人们和谐相处, 促进社会责任感的项目。 这种类型的发展瓦解了社会, 分散了社会,使得社会两极分化。 它们创造了孤立的各类活动, 而能否参与这些活动 则取决于你钱包中有多少钱。 这是一种两极化并且负面的力量。 我们在这个城市看到了这种力量, 在其他城市中看到得更多。
And what ends up happening is that we end up with this sort of stack, that's like a time bomb. At some point the system must collapse, it's really not sustainable. It's like the economic system in the world today -- it's really not a sustainable system, and we have to find ways of addressing it. Design can't provide the solution, but what it can address is some of the conditions that people live with. It can address some of the circumstances in which people find themselves, some of the areas of cities to which people have been shunted or pushed aside because they can no longer afford to live in the center, and they can't participate actively or fully in this consumerized, capitalized system. And we need to try and conceive of how we can transform these types of spaces, how we can integrate the activities that happen in these types of spaces within a bigger picture, how we can identify small moves or small gestures, whether through design or economic initiative or social initiative that effect change and that allow transformation of spaces that encourage and facilitate greater participation. And there are lots of ways of doing that. And whilst it might seem complex when we look at cities, when we look at the aggregate parts of cities, it may seem insurmountable. But if we try and isolate individual acts, individual ways of looking at things and formulate a program, a manner or way of understanding how we can do that, then we can get nearer to achieving or effecting some kind of social change.
结果就是, 我们最终得到了这样层层堆叠的建筑, 它就像是一个时间炸弹。 在某个时刻系统必定会崩塌, 它真的不是那么可持续。 它就像当今世界的经济系统—— 完全算不上一个可持续的系统, 我们必须找到办法来解决这个问题。 设计不能提供解决方案 但它能提供一些人们可以生存的条件。 它可以提供让人们发现自我的氛围, 可以在城市中提供一些区域, 给那些被排挤和边缘化的人们, 因为他们再也负担不起市中心的生活。 也不能够积极,全身心的去参与进 这种消费化,资本化的系统中。 我们需要尝试并且设想我们应该怎样转变 这种类型的空间, 我们怎样用大局观来思考如何完善发生在 这些空间中的活动, 我们怎样识别小的移动或者小的手势, 无论是通过设计、经济倡议还是社会倡议 来影响变化并允许空间的改造, 鼓励和促进更大范围的参与度。 可以通过很多方式实现这一点。 虽然在我们看待城市时,它似乎很复杂 当我们在审视城市的连接处时, 它似乎不可逾越。 但如果我们尝试独立个体行为 和个人看待事物的方式, 并制定一个项目,一个理解我们 将怎么实现这些的方式或方法, 然后我们就能更进一步取得或者影响 一些社会变革。
And there are examples in the world where that's been done. Barcelona is a really good example of a city where people sat down and collectively and actively tried to conceive of ways in which they could effect change, and they did it very successfully. And nearer to home, in Bogotá, Enrique Peñalosa, the mayor of Bogotá, when he took office, he decided, "I'm not going to spend billions of dollars on creating more highways. I'm going to appropriate the funds I have, and I'm going to create places -- parks that everybody can use, public spaces that people can use." And as he created, more and more people came into those spaces. And those spaces were very effective in encouraging participation, encouraging senses of community amongst people, getting people to come together to forget what little trifling contests they had between each other, to start doing things together, to start moving around the city together and try to start acting together.
世界上也有已经完成了这些的例子。 巴塞罗那就是一个很好的 城市典范,在那里人们会 汇集集体的智慧, 积极地尝试设想一些方法 来做出改变, 并且他们做的很成功。 离家更近的波哥大 恩里克·潘娜诺撒,波哥大市长 在就任时,他决定 “我不会花费数十亿元 用来建造更多的高速公路, 而是会使用已有的资金 来建造一些地点 —— 每一个人都可以用的公园和公共场所。” 在这个过程中,越来越多的 人进入这些地方。 并且这些地方在鼓励大众参与, 在大众之间建立社区意识方面很有成效, 让人们走到一起, 忘却他们之间所存在的微不足道的竞赛, 开始合作, 开始绕着城市游走, 一起付诸行动。
So there are ways of doing it; there are models. And it comes back to this idea of program. What's our program? Well, I think we want to create equitable society. Then we want to create societies where there's active and equitable participation for everybody and where we can break down some of those inhibitions, those barriers. We can remove economic stigma, we can remove stigma around race, around where you live, around all those factors and try and bring people together in constructed and effective ways. In Trinidad, there are a number of examples. There are opportunities to do this all over the place.
实现这些有一些特定的模型。 这又回到了项目的观点上来。 我们的项目是什么? 我认为我想要打造一个公平的社会。 还想要创造一个社会, 其中的每一个人都有积极和平等的参与度, 可以打破一些禁忌和障碍。 我们可以去除经济上的耻辱, 可以去除种族上的耻辱, 还有住所以及所有其他因素上的耻辱, 并且尝试把人们以结构性 和高效的方式组织起来。 在特立尼拉,有很多例子。 所有地方都有实现这些的机会。
This is City Gate. It's the entrance to the city for tens of thousands of people. People come in and out of it every day. And yet, what they're confronted with is pretty bleak, horrid, grey, unwelcoming and sometimes unsafe because of all the traffic zooming around. And that space from City Gate that moves up to Independence Square could be a really wonderful experience, you know, with landscaping, with proper accommodation of the sort of facilities and amenities that people would need and would enjoy. It could become a really very important civic space.
这是城市之门。 这是成千上万人进城的入口。 人们每天从这里进进出出。 然而,他们面临的是 相当荒凉,可怕,灰蒙蒙, 有疏离感且有时不安全的景象, 因为周边日益增长的交通规模。 从城门到独立广场的那段空间 本可以是一段非常美妙的经历, 有了景观设计, 有了人们需要和享受的 各种设施和住所。 它可能会成为一个非常重要的市民空间。
This is the Prado in Havana. It's just a notional idea of how that space could be treated so that movement in and out of the city every day becomes a really important and uplifting transition from the maxi taxi to the place where you work. In San Fernando we've got the waterfront, which is a really very beautiful part of this landscape in this country, but is in complete neglect. There are some really beautiful, fine examples of 19th-century architecture that form, in and of themselves, some really fine spaces.
这是在哈瓦那的普拉多。 这只不过是关于怎样利用 那块空间的一个概念性的想法, 以便于每天进出城市的运动, 即从踏上出租车到遥远的目的地 成为一个真正重要并且令人振奋的转换。 在圣费尔南多,我们已经到达了海滨, 它是这个国家景观中非常漂亮的一部分, 但是却完全被忽视了。 那里有一些非常漂亮, 非常好的19世纪建筑的例子, 这些建筑造就,处于或者 本身就属于一些很好的地点。
We need to we need to look at those spaces, we need to appropriate them, we need to determine uses for those spaces that would encourage all types of activity: spaces for performance, spaces for children to play in and learn that it's cool and it's OK and it's fun to be around other people, spaces for people to do all the kinds of activities that people like to do, that they enjoy doing collectively and that benefit society and encourage people to interact, regardless of their social or economic circumstance, or places for people to reflect, parks, places for people to sit and relax. And there are lots of ways we can do that, ways in which we can address and look at how we break down those barriers. We can do it with architectural language. We can look at the ways that spaces are formulated to break down divisions and barriers between inside and outside, between green and hard surfaces and try and generate spaces that really encourage interaction, encourage people to do things together and encourage a sense of community. We need to mandate government, we need to provide examples to developers, to people to generate that the benefit of these may not be measured in a financial return on investment, but the social benefit to us all is really immeasurable in the long run.
我们需要审视这些空间, 我们需要使用它们, 需要去确定这些空间是否能 鼓励各种类型的活动: 表演空间, 孩子玩耍的空间, 让孩子们认识到 跟其他人一起玩耍很有趣, 并为所有人提供 做自己喜欢的事情的空间, 那些大家可以一起做的 并且对社会有益的事情, 还能鼓励人们去交互, 无论他们处于什么样的 社会或者经济环境, 还可以是让人们冥想的地方, 公园和供人们坐下和休息的地点。 我们有很多方式可以实现这个目标, 提出并且审视如何打破屏障。 我们可以使用建筑学语言来实现它。 我们可以查看空间被阐述的方式 用来打破内部和外部之间分歧和屏障, 打破绿色和坚硬的表皮之间的分歧和屏障, 并且尝试去生成那些 可以真正鼓励交互的空间, 鼓励人们一起去做事情, 和鼓励社区意识。 我们需要委托政府 我们需要提供范例给开发者和人们, 说明这样带来的好处可能无法 以投资回报回馈的方式来衡量。 但从长远来看,为我们所有人 带来的社会效益确实是不可估量的。
And if we do that, I think we can demonstrate -- and we've demonstrated in the past that designers had the capacity to do that -- I think if we can do that, we can demonstrate to people that society is an inclusive community, and that if everybody is included, and if everybody feels part of the society, then we have a much better chance of ensuring a sustainable future.
如果我们做到这些, 我认为我们可以证明—— 而且我们已经在过去证明了 设计师有能力做到这些—— 我认为如果我们能做到这些, 就能向世人证明 社会是一个包容的社区, 如果每个人都被包括进来, 如果每个人都感到自己是社会的一部分, 我们就会有一个更好的机会 来保证一个可持续的未来。
Thank you.
谢谢。