I write about food. I write about cooking. I take it quite seriously, but I'm here to talk about something that's become very important to me in the last year or two. It is about food, but it's not about cooking, per se. I'm going to start with this picture of a beautiful cow. I'm not a vegetarian -- this is the old Nixon line, right? But I still think that this -- (Laughter) -- may be this year's version of this.
我寫有關食物同煮嘢嘅文章 我對呢件事好認真 但我響度想講一啲 呢兩年嚟對我嚟講好重要嘅嘢 呢樣嘢係有關食物嘅,但唔係講煮食本身 我先用一張好靚嘅母牛相做開場白 我唔係素食者…尼克遜成日都講呢句,係咪呀? 但我就覺得 (觀眾笑) 呢張可能係今年嘅版本
Now, that is only a little bit hyperbolic. And why do I say it? Because only once before has the fate of individual people and the fate of all of humanity been so intertwined. There was the bomb, and there's now. And where we go from here is going to determine not only the quality and the length of our individual lives, but whether, if we could see the Earth a century from now, we'd recognize it. It's a holocaust of a different kind, and hiding under our desks isn't going to help. Start with the notion that global warming is not only real, but dangerous. Since every scientist in the world now believes this, and even President Bush has seen the light, or pretends to, we can take this is a given.
咁講只係有少少誇張啫 點解我咁講? 因為史上系依樣野之前只有一次,個人嘅命運 同全人類嘅命運 有咁緊密相連過 以前係原子彈,而依家就係呢一刻 而我哋依家行嘅路唔單止決定 個人生命嘅質素同長短 仲決定一個世紀以後 我哋望返地球嗰陣,仲會唔會認得出佢 呢次某程度係一個大屠殺 而逃避並唔係辦法 我哋開始知道全球暖化 唔單止係真嘅,而且仲好危險 依家個個科學家都相信有全球暖化 就算布殊總統都話佢明白依個事實,又或者佢系扮明白 呢啲嘢可以係前提
Then hear this, please. After energy production, livestock is the second-highest contributor to atmosphere-altering gases. Nearly one-fifth of all greenhouse gas is generated by livestock production -- more than transportation. Now, you can make all the jokes you want about cow farts, but methane is 20 times more poisonous than CO2, and it's not just methane. Livestock is also one of the biggest culprits in land degradation, air and water pollution, water shortages and loss of biodiversity. There's more. Like half the antibiotics in this country are not administered to people, but to animals. But lists like this become kind of numbing, so let me just say this: if you're a progressive, if you're driving a Prius, or you're shopping green, or you're looking for organic, you should probably be a semi-vegetarian. Now, I'm no more anti-cattle than I am anti-atom, but it's all in the way we use these things. There's another piece of the puzzle, which Ann Cooper talked about beautifully yesterday, and one you already know.
咁大家請聽住 家畜係繼能源生產之後 第二大導致大氣層變化嘅氣體嘅生產者 近五分一嘅溫室氣體 係由畜牧產生 占嘅比重仲大過交通工具 任你想點用牛放屁嚟講笑都得 問題係甲烷比二氧化碳有毒二十倍 而且佢哋製造嘅唔止甲烷 生畜仲係土地退化,空氣、食水污染 食水短缺同生物多樣性降低嘅促成者 仲有 全國有一半嘅抗生素 唔係用響人度,係用咗響禽畜度 但呢啲清單聽得多會麻木,我只係想話 如果你走在時代尖端 如果你揸緊環保車,或者支持綠色消費 又或者你搵緊有機食物嚟食 咁你都應該係半素食嘅 係,我反對食牛肉,好似反原子彈咁樣 但我反對嘅係我哋人類用呢啲嘢嘅方式 你地都應該已經知道既 安古柏響尋日精彩嘅演講講到 呢個現象嘅其中一個構成部份
There's no question, none, that so-called lifestyle diseases -- diabetes, heart disease, stroke, some cancers -- are diseases that are far more prevalent here than anywhere in the rest of the world. And that's the direct result of eating a Western diet. Our demand for meat, dairy and refined carbohydrates -- the world consumes one billion cans or bottles of Coke a day -- our demand for these things, not our need, our want, drives us to consume way more calories than are good for us. And those calories are in foods that cause, not prevent, disease. Now global warming was unforeseen. We didn't know that pollution did more than cause bad visibility. Maybe a few lung diseases here and there, but, you know, that's not such a big deal. The current health crisis, however, is a little more the work of the evil empire. We were told, we were assured, that the more meat and dairy and poultry we ate, the healthier we'd be.
無容置疑,諗都唔駛諗,啲所謂都市病 好似糖尿病,心臟病,中風,某啲癌症 呢啲病響呢度 都比世界其他地方普遍 呢啲病係西方飲食嘅直接結果 我哋追求肉、奶製品、精製過嘅碳水化合物 全世界一日飲咗以億樽計嘅可樂 我哋對呢啲嘢嘅需求,唔係必需嘅,只係慾望 令我哋食咗太多卡路里 而呢啲卡路里唔會防止疾病,仲反而引起病痛 無人預計到有全球暖化 我哋唔知污染原來唔止令能見度差咗咁簡單 仲可能令人有一啲肺部嘅疾病 但你知道,呢啲都唔係咩大不了 重要係,依家嘅健康危機 比阻止邪惡帝國更加棘手 人哋同我哋講,向我哋保證 家畜、奶製品、家禽食得越多 我哋就會越健康
No. Overconsumption of animals, and of course, junk food, is the problem, along with our paltry consumption of plants. Now, there's no time to get into the benefits of eating plants here, but the evidence is that plants -- and I want to make this clear -- it's not the ingredients in plants, it's the plants. It's not the beta-carotene, it's the carrot. The evidence is very clear that plants promote health. This evidence is overwhelming at this point. You eat more plants, you eat less other stuff, you live longer. Not bad. But back to animals and junk food. What do they have in common? One: we don't need either of them for health. We don't need animal products, and we certainly don't need white bread or Coke. Two: both have been marketed heavily, creating unnatural demand. We're not born craving Whoppers or Skittles. Three: their production has been supported by government agencies at the expense of a more health- and Earth-friendly diet.
錯。唔駛講,過量攝取肉類同垃圾食物 而蔬果食得少之有少係個問題 今次無時間講食蔬果有乜好處 但我想講清楚,最重要係蔬菜本身 唔係蔬菜入面嘅成份,係菜本身 唔係B-胡蘿蔔素,係紅蘿蔔本身重要 證據好清楚咁顯示蔬菜促進健康 響呢方面嘅證據係不可置疑 食多啲蔬果,食少啲其他嘢,你就長命啲 聽落唔錯丫 講返肉食同垃圾食品 佢地有乜共通點? 第一,我哋唔駛為咗健康而食呢啲嘢 我哋唔需要肉類製品 當然我哋亦唔需要白麵包同可樂 第二,呢兩樣嘢都做好多推廣 製造唔自然嘅需求 我哋唔係生出嚟就淨食三文治或者彩虹糖 第三,呢啲食物嘅生產有政府機構支持 而且代價系取代左一種更健康、更環保嘅飲食方式
Now, let's imagine a parallel. Let's pretend that our government supported an oil-based economy, while discouraging more sustainable forms of energy, knowing all the while that the result would be pollution, war and rising costs. Incredible, isn't it? Yet they do that. And they do this here. It's the same deal. The sad thing is, when it comes to diet, is that even when well-intentioned Feds try to do right by us, they fail. Either they're outvoted by puppets of agribusiness, or they are puppets of agribusiness. So, when the USDA finally acknowledged that it was plants, rather than animals, that made people healthy, they encouraged us, via their overly simplistic food pyramid, to eat five servings of fruits and vegetables a day, along with more carbs. What they didn't tell us is that some carbs are better than others, and that plants and whole grains should be supplanting eating junk food. But industry lobbyists would never let that happen. And guess what? Half the people who developed the food pyramid have ties to agribusiness. So, instead of substituting plants for animals, our swollen appetites simply became larger, and the most dangerous aspects of them remained unchanged. So-called low-fat diets, so-called low-carb diets -- these are not solutions.
我哋一齊幻想下有對平行線 假設政府支持以石油經濟 又唔支持可持續發展嘅能源種類 而且佢知道後果會係 污染、戰爭、成本上升 不可思議呀呵? 但佢地係要咁做 佢哋就響度做呢啲嘢,係一樣㗎咋 可惜嘅係,講到飲食習慣 就算聯邦政府好心地咁 想為我哋撥亂反正,都衰咗 一係佢哋投票輸咗畀農業企業嘅傀儡 又或者佢哋就係農業企業嘅傀儡 所以當美國農業部最終承認 蔬果而唔係肉類令人健康之後 佢哋用過份簡化嘅食物金字塔去鼓勵我哋 每日食五份蔬果 同埋食多啲碳水化合物 佢哋無講嘅係有啲碳水化合物係好啲 而蔬果同全穀食物 應該取代晒垃圾食物 但業界嘅說客又點會畀呢啲嘢發生 你估下實情係點? 諗呢個食物金字塔嘅人入面有一半 同農業企業有關係 所以蔬菜唔單指無取代到肉 我哋吃肉嘅胃口反而越變越大 而當中對身體最危險嘅影響仍然無變 嗰啲所謂低脂飲食、低澱粉質飲食 都唔係解決方法
But with lots of intelligent people focusing on whether food is organic or local, or whether we're being nice to animals, the most important issues just aren't being addressed. Now, don't get me wrong. I like animals, and I don't think it's just fine to industrialize their production and to churn them out like they were wrenches. But there's no way to treat animals well, when you're killing 10 billion of them a year. That's our number. 10 billion. If you strung all of them -- chickens, cows, pigs and lambs -- to the moon, they'd go there and back five times, there and back. Now, my math's a little shaky, but this is pretty good, and it depends whether a pig is four feet long or five feet long, but you get the idea. That's just the United States. And with our hyper-consumption of those animals producing greenhouse gases and heart disease, kindness might just be a bit of a red herring. Let's get the numbers of the animals we're killing for eating down, and then we'll worry about being nice to the ones that are left.
但好多聰明人 只著眼啲食物係咪有機或者本地嘅 或者係咪善待啲動物 但最重要嘅問題就無觸及到 唔好誤會 我好鍾意動物 我唔認同將佢哋嘅生產過程工業化 粗製濫造啲肉類出嚟 但當你一年殺成百億動物嗰陣 就無辦法講點善待啲動物 呢個係我哋呢度嘅數字,一百億 如果將啲雞呀、牛呀、豬呀、羊呀 動物排成一列去月球 條隊由呢度到月球可以來回五次 我啲數學麻麻地,但系計依嘀都仲系夠用既 仲要視乎隻豬係四呎定五呎長 不過你明啦 呢個數淨係計美國入面咋喎 我哋過度食用呢啲肉類 產生咁多溫室氣體,引起咁多心臟疾病 呢啲慈悲似乎只係用嚟轉移視線 我哋殺咗啲動物,食咗佢哋 然後諗下要點樣對剩低嘅動物好啲
Another red herring might be exemplified by the word "locavore," which was just named word of the year by the New Oxford American Dictionary. Seriously. And locavore, for those of you who don't know, is someone who eats only locally grown food -- which is fine if you live in California, but for the rest of us it's a bit of a sad joke. Between the official story -- the food pyramid -- and the hip locavore vision, you have two versions of how to improve our eating. (Laughter).
另一個煙幕可以用「土食主義者」做例子 呢個詞啱啱畀新牛津美語大辭典稱為本年度嘅風雲詞彙 講真㗎 土食主義者就係 一啲只食本土種植嘅食品嘅人 如果你住加州就無問題 但其他人嚟講就難度好高 響正統嘅食物金字塔 同時興嘅土食主義之間 大家有兩款版本點去食好啲 (笑)
They both get it wrong, though. The first at least is populist, and the second is elitist. How we got to this place is the history of food in the United States. And I'm going to go through that, at least the last hundred years or so, very quickly right now. A hundred years ago, guess what? Everyone was a locavore: even New York had pig farms nearby, and shipping food all over the place was a ridiculous notion. Every family had a cook, usually a mom. And those moms bought and prepared food. It was like your romantic vision of Europe. Margarine didn't exist. In fact, when margarine was invented, several states passed laws declaring that it had to be dyed pink, so we'd all know that it was a fake. There was no snack food, and until the '20s, until Clarence Birdseye came along, there was no frozen food. There were no restaurant chains. There were neighborhood restaurants run by local people, but none of them would think to open another one. Eating ethnic was unheard of unless you were ethnic. And fancy food was entirely French. As an aside, those of you who remember Dan Aykroyd in the 1970s doing Julia Child imitations can see where he got the idea of stabbing himself from this fabulous slide. (Laughter)
但雙方都諗錯方向 第一款至少都想普及一啲,而第二款直頭係精英主義 我哋變成咁樣,就要由美國食物史講起 而我依家帶你哋 好快咁睇下過去一百年係點 一百年前係點樣? 個個都係食本地生產嘅食物 運啲食物去第二度簡直妙想天開 每個屋企都有廚師,多數係由阿媽做埋 佢地買材料同煮嘢食 就好似你哋幻想中浪漫嘅歐洲咁樣 人造牛油未出現 其實人造牛油面世時 有幾個州份都通過話要佢哋染成粉紅色 等啲人知呢啲唔係真牛油 嗰陣都未有零食,到二十年代 發明家貝爾塞發明急凍技術,至有急凍食品 嗰陣無連鎖餐廳 得一嗰由本地人開畀鄰居嘅食肆 無人諗住要開多間分店 傳統飲食係聞所未聞,除非你本身係小數民族啦 啲花巧食物全部都係嚟自法國 講開又講,如果你記得七十年代 丹‧艾克洛德扮茱莉亞‧查爾德嘅話 睇到呢張圖你就知點解佢有咁嘅諗頭 (笑)
Back in those days, before even Julia, back in those days, there was no philosophy of food. You just ate. You didn't claim to be anything. There was no marketing. There were no national brands. Vitamins had not been invented. There were no health claims, at least not federally sanctioned ones. Fats, carbs, proteins -- they weren't bad or good, they were food. You ate food. Hardly anything contained more than one ingredient, because it was an ingredient. The cornflake hadn't been invented. (Laughter) The Pop-Tart, the Pringle, Cheez Whiz, none of that stuff. Goldfish swam. (Laughter) It's hard to imagine. People grew food, and they ate food. And again, everyone ate local. In New York, an orange was a common Christmas present, because it came all the way from Florida. From the '30s on, road systems expanded, trucks took the place of railroads, fresh food began to travel more. Oranges became common in New York. The South and West became agricultural hubs, and in other parts of the country, suburbs took over farmland. The effects of this are well known. They are everywhere. And the death of family farms is part of this puzzle, as is almost everything from the demise of the real community to the challenge of finding a good tomato, even in summer. Eventually, California produced too much food to ship fresh, so it became critical to market canned and frozen foods. Thus arrived convenience. It was sold to proto-feminist housewives as a way to cut down on housework.
響茱莉亞出名之前 嗰陣都無乜人提倡飲食文化 食嘢就係食嘢 唔駛提倡啲乜嘢主義 嗰陣無市場推廣,無全國性品牌 維他命丸都未有 亦都無健康宣稱,連聯邦法例批准嘅都無 脂肪、澱粉質、蛋白質,都無分好壞,佢哋只係食物 你就只係食食物 好多時啲嘢食好少多過一個材料 因為佢哋本身就係材料 嗰陣未發明粟米片 (笑) 甜夾心餅、薯片、芝士醬,呢啲嘢都未有 當時金魚係游水(註:不是金魚餅) (笑) 好難想像。嗰陣自己種嘢食,然後食種出嚟嘅嘢食 講多一次,佢哋食本地出產嘅食物 響紐約,聖誕節送橙好普遍 因為橙要由佛羅里達州運嚟 三十年代起,道路系統擴展 貨車取代鐵路 新鮮食物開始越運越遠 橙響紐約變得唾手可得 南部同西部成為農業重鎮 其他地方嘅農地變成近郊 帶嚟嘅影響深遠,到處可見 家庭式農場嘅消失是其中一環 就好似從真正社區沒落 到夏天都難搵一個靚蕃茄咁 都係影響嘅一部份 最後加州出產太多食物,運都運唔晒 所以推廣罐頭和急凍食品在所必行 於是用方便嚟做賣點 呢啲食物以原女性主義嘅主婦作對象 等佢哋做少啲家務
Now, I know everybody over the age of, like 45 -- their mouths are watering at this point. (Laughter) (Applause) If we had a slide of Salisbury steak, even more so, right? (Laughter) But this may have cut down on housework, but it cut down on the variety of food we ate as well. Many of us grew up never eating a fresh vegetable except the occasional raw carrot or maybe an odd lettuce salad. I, for one -- and I'm not kidding -- didn't eat real spinach or broccoli till I was 19. Who needed it though? Meat was everywhere. What could be easier, more filling or healthier for your family than broiling a steak? But by then cattle were already raised unnaturally. Rather than spending their lives eating grass, for which their stomachs were designed, they were forced to eat soy and corn. They have trouble digesting those grains, of course, but that wasn't a problem for producers. New drugs kept them healthy. Well, they kept them alive. Healthy was another story.
我知道過咗大約四十五歲嘅觀眾 見到實流晒口水 (笑) (掌聲) 如果有幅漢堡扒嘅圖片,你哋流多啲口水添,係咪? (笑) 雖然咁樣會做少咗家務 但亦會減少左我哋食嘅食物嘅種類 我地好多人成長嗰陣除咗有時食下生紅蘿蔔 或者生菜沙律之外,好少會食新鮮蔬果 以我為例,唔係講笑 到十九歲至食到真嘅菠菜同西蘭花 邊個需要食呢啲嘢呢?周圍都有肉食 有啲乜野比煎塊扒畀屋企人食更加 容易,飽肚、或健康? 嗰陣啲牛已經唔係用天然方法飼養 牛嘅胃系設計嚟食草既 但啲人硬系要迫佢食大豆同粟米 都唔由得佢食草 啲牛當然消化唔到啲穀物 但呢啲唔係生產者嘅間題 新嘅葯物會維持佢哋健康 應該話會令佢哋繼續生存 健唔健康係另一回事
Thanks to farm subsidies, the fine collaboration between agribusiness and Congress, soy, corn and cattle became king. And chicken soon joined them on the throne. It was during this period that the cycle of dietary and planetary destruction began, the thing we're only realizing just now. Listen to this, between 1950 and 2000, the world's population doubled. Meat consumption increased five-fold. Now, someone had to eat all that stuff, so we got fast food. And this took care of the situation resoundingly. Home cooking remained the norm, but its quality was down the tubes. There were fewer meals with home-cooked breads, desserts and soups, because all of them could be bought at any store. Not that they were any good, but they were there. Most moms cooked like mine: a piece of broiled meat, a quickly made salad with bottled dressing, canned soup, canned fruit salad. Maybe baked or mashed potatoes, or perhaps the stupidest food ever, Minute Rice. For dessert, store-bought ice cream or cookies. My mom is not here, so I can say this now. This kind of cooking drove me to learn how to cook for myself. (Laughter)
多得農業補貼 呢啲農業企業同國會嘅微妙合作方式 大豆、粟米、牛隻大行其道 之後雞都加埋入去添 呢個時期就係 飲食同地球毀滅嘅循環開端 呢樣嘢到依家我哋至意識到 聽清楚 一九五零年至二千年之間,全球人口增加一倍 但系肉食攝取就增加五倍 咁實有啲人食咗多出黎既肉,所以我哋有左快餐 咁就徹底解釋咗呢個問題 響屋企煮嘢食都仲係普遍,但質素已經每況愈下 越來越少有屋企整嘅麵包、甜品同湯 因為全部呢啲嘢都可以響舖頭買到 唔係話買返嚟質素好啲,只不過係買就有得吃 大部份媽咪好似我阿媽咁煮飯 一塊烤肉,用樽裝沙律醬撈成嘅沙律 罐頭湯,罐頭生果沙律 可能有焗薯同薯蓉 又或者食史上最唔駛用腦嘅食物:即食飯 甜品就係響出面買嘅雪糕或者曲奇餅 我阿媽唔在場,我可以講你知 因為呢啲咁嘅廚藝驅使我去學煮嘢食畀自己 (笑)
It wasn't all bad. By the '70s, forward-thinking people began to recognize the value of local ingredients. We tended gardens, we became interested in organic food, we knew or we were vegetarians. We weren't all hippies, either. Some of us were eating in good restaurants and learning how to cook well. Meanwhile, food production had become industrial. Industrial. Perhaps because it was being produced rationally, as if it were plastic, food gained magical or poisonous powers, or both. Many people became fat-phobic. Others worshiped broccoli, as if it were God-like. But mostly they didn't eat broccoli. Instead they were sold on yogurt, yogurt being almost as good as broccoli. Except, in reality, the way the industry sold yogurt was to convert it to something much more akin to ice cream. Similarly, let's look at a granola bar. You think that that might be healthy food, but in fact, if you look at the ingredient list, it's closer in form to a Snickers than it is to oatmeal. Sadly, it was at this time that the family dinner was put in a coma, if not actually killed -- the beginning of the heyday of value-added food, which contained as many soy and corn products as could be crammed into it.
都唔一定係壞事嚟嘅 七十年代,思想先進嘅人 開始意識到本地食材嘅價值 於是自己整個花園,對有機食品有興趣 我哋認識或者成為素食人士 我哋唔係做咗嬉皮士 有啲人仲仍然去幫襯好餐廳,學下點煮好餸 同時食物嘅生產過程變得工業化,叫工業化 可能因為畀人認為可以好似 塑膠咁系生產線到啤出嚟 食物獲得神奇或者有害嘅力量,甚至兩者都有 好多人對肥胖有恐懼 另一啲人當西蘭花係神咁拜 但好多時佢哋都唔食西蘭花 取而代之,西蘭花就連埋乳酪咁一齊賣 乳酪好似同西蘭花咁好 而事實上,業界銷售乳酪嗰陣 係將孔酪變到好似雪糕咁 同樣,睇下啲穀類果仁棒球場 以為呢啲嘢食會健康啲 但你睇返原料表 原來佢似朱古力棒多過以燕麥 好可惜,呢個時候家庭式晚餐就算唔係一命嗚呼 都已經進入昏迷狀態 嗰啲可以塞幾多就塞幾多大豆同粟米製品 嘅增值食品 開始繁盛起嚟
Think of the frozen chicken nugget. The chicken is fed corn, and then its meat is ground up, and mixed with more corn products to add bulk and binder, and then it's fried in corn oil. All you do is nuke it. What could be better? And zapped horribly, pathetically. By the '70s, home cooking was in such a sad state that the high fat and spice contents of foods like McNuggets and Hot Pockets -- and we all have our favorites, actually -- made this stuff more appealing than the bland things that people were serving at home. At the same time, masses of women were entering the workforce, and cooking simply wasn't important enough for men to share the burden. So now, you've got your pizza nights, you've got your microwave nights, you've got your grazing nights, you've got your fend-for-yourself nights and so on.
睇下啲急凍雞塊 啲雞係用粟米餵大,啲肉同粟米製品 攪埋一齊,等佢大舊啲同黏得埋一齊 然後放入粟米油度炸 你只需要放入微波爐叮,有乜好過咁? 然後狼吞虎嚥咁食落肚 到七十年代,響屋企煮嘢食呢樣嘢己經到咗慘不忍睹嘅地步 一啲好似麥樂雞同叮叮食物 咁嘅高脂多調味料嘅食品 仲有其他我哋鍾意食嘅嘢 相比之下,起自家煮嘅 淡而無味嘅嘢食,呢類食物吸引人得多 同時,大量女性投入勞動市場 男人唔覺得煮嘢食重要到 要渠去做呢樣野 於是我哋依家薄餅就當一餐,微波爐叮嘢食當一餐 放任咁想吃就吃又系一餐, 自己照顧自己都系一餐,諸如此類
Leading the way -- what's leading the way? Meat, junk food, cheese: the very stuff that will kill you. So, now we clamor for organic food. That's good. And as evidence that things can actually change, you can now find organic food in supermarkets, and even in fast-food outlets. But organic food isn't the answer either, at least not the way it's currently defined. Let me pose you a question. Can farm-raised salmon be organic, when its feed has nothing to do with its natural diet, even if the feed itself is supposedly organic, and the fish themselves are packed tightly in pens, swimming in their own filth? And if that salmon's from Chile, and it's killed down there and then flown 5,000 miles, whatever, dumping how much carbon into the atmosphere? I don't know. Packed in Styrofoam, of course, before landing somewhere in the United States, and then being trucked a few hundred more miles. This may be organic in letter, but it's surely not organic in spirit. Now here is where we all meet. The locavores, the organivores, the vegetarians, the vegans, the gourmets and those of us who are just plain interested in good food. Even though we've come to this from different points, we all have to act on our knowledge to change the way that everyone thinks about food.
乜嘢食物獨當一面? 肉類,垃圾食物,芝士 呢啲嘢食都會拿你命 依家我哋大大聲要有機食品 係好事嚟嘅 證明啲事情其實會改變 依家響超市 甚至響快餐店都搵到有機食物 但有機食物都唔係答案 至少唔係好似依家咁界定有機 我問下你哋 啲三文魚食嘅係有機,但同天然飲食無關嘅飼料 又畀人養響窄窄嘅圍入面 響自己啲污糟嘢入面游水 呢啲養殖三文魚可以叫有機嗎? 又如果啲三文魚來自智利,響嗰度劏 然後運去五千哩外,釋放唔知幾多碳入大氣層 呢啲又點算有機? 我唔知道 當然呢啲魚運到美國前 用發泡膠包住 然後再用貨車運去幾百哩外 字面係有機,但精神上當然唔係有機 呢個就係各類人意見嘅交點 土食主義者,有機主義者,素食者 純素食者,美食家 仲有一啲純粹對好嘢食有興趣嘅人 雖然我哋出發點唔同 我哋全部要用自己知識 去改變他人對食物嘅諗法
We need to start acting. And this is not only an issue of social justice, as Ann Cooper said -- and, of course, she's completely right -- but it's also one of global survival. Which bring me full circle and points directly to the core issue, the overproduction and overconsumption of meat and junk food. As I said, 18 percent of greenhouse gases are attributed to livestock production. How much livestock do you need to produce this? 70 percent of the agricultural land on Earth, 30 percent of the Earth's land surface is directly or indirectly devoted to raising the animals we'll eat. And this amount is predicted to double in the next 40 years or so.
我哋要開始行動 而且好以安古柏咁講,呢個唔單止關乎社會公義 而且佢講得啱 呢個亦關乎全球嘅存亡 呢點帶到我去核心問題度 就係過度生產食物,過度攝取肉類同垃圾食物 我講過,百分之十八嘅溫室氣體 來自家畜 我哋要幾多家畜至製造到咁多氣體? 要用全球農業用地嘅七成 而地球三成陸地直接或間接咁 用咗黎養我哋食嘅生畜 預計四十年後仲要用多一倍地
And if the numbers coming in from China are anything like what they look like now, it's not going to be 40 years. There is no good reason for eating as much meat as we do. And I say this as a man who has eaten a fair share of corned beef in his life. The most common argument is that we need nutrients -- even though we eat, on average, twice as much protein as even the industry-obsessed USDA recommends. But listen: experts who are serious about disease reduction recommend that adults eat just over half a pound of meat per week.
如果個數目係來自中國 而中國好似依家咁 唔駛四十年添 我想講,好似我咁成世人食唔少穀飼牛肉 其實無乜原因要好似我地咁食咁多肉 常見嘅論點係我哋需要營養 但其實我哋平均食落肚嘅蛋白質 甚至係偏幫企業嘅農業部所建議嘅兩倍 留心聽住,研究減少疾病嘅專家 建議成人每個禮拜只係食半磅肉
What do you think we eat per day? Half a pound. But don't we need meat to be big and strong? Isn't meat eating essential to health? Won't a diet heavy in fruit and vegetables turn us into godless, sissy, liberals? (Laughter) Some of us might think that would be a good thing. But, no, even if we were all steroid-filled football players, the answer is no. In fact, there's no diet on Earth that meets basic nutritional needs that won't promote growth, and many will make you much healthier than ours does. We don't eat animal products for sufficient nutrition, we eat them to have an odd form of malnutrition, and it's killing us. To suggest that in the interests of personal and human health Americans eat 50 percent less meat -- it's not enough of a cut, but it's a start.
你估我哋一日食幾多肉?半磅 但我哋唔駛食肉就可以大隻啲,強壯啲咩? 乜食肉唔係健康必需嘅咩? 乜食得生果蔬菜多 唔會搞到我地變得邪惡、女人型、變成自由黨人咩? (笑) 有啲人可能覺得食肉係好事 但就算我哋全部都係食咗類固醇嘅足球員 答案仍然係錯 其實,世界上無一種飲食方式 滿足到基本營養需要而唔促進健康 好多飲食方式比我哋依家嘅都更能令人健康 我哋食肉唔係為咗充足嘅營養 反而令我哋有另類嘅營養不足,係致命嘅 想為個人、人類嘅健康著想 建議美國人食少一半肉 減少呢個份量不足以起作用,但起碼係個開始
It would seem absurd, but that's exactly what should happen, and what progressive people, forward-thinking people should be doing and advocating, along with the corresponding increase in the consumption of plants. I've been writing about food more or less omnivorously -- one might say indiscriminately -- for about 30 years. During that time, I've eaten and recommended eating just about everything. I'll never stop eating animals, I'm sure, but I do think that for the benefit of everyone, the time has come to stop raising them industrially and stop eating them thoughtlessly.
聽起上嚟好古怪,但除咗叫人食相對多返嘅蔬菜 但呢啲至係應該發生嘅 係思想先進嘅人,改革派嘅人 應該做,應該提倡嘅 我用雜食人士角度,或者有人話係不加批判咁 寫咗有關食物嘅文章差唔多卅年 響嗰段時間,我食咗 又推薦咗差唔多所有嘢食 我知道我唔會唔食肉 但我認為,為咗所有人嘅福祉 係時候唔好再用工業化方式飼養動物 唔好再無諗過就食肉
Ann Cooper's right. The USDA is not our ally here. We have to take matters into our own hands, not only by advocating for a better diet for everyone -- and that's the hard part -- but by improving our own. And that happens to be quite easy. Less meat, less junk, more plants. It's a simple formula: eat food. Eat real food. We can continue to enjoy our food, and we continue to eat well, and we can eat even better. We can continue the search for the ingredients we love, and we can continue to spin yarns about our favorite meals. We'll reduce not only calories, but our carbon footprint. We can make food more important, not less, and save ourselves by doing so. We have to choose that path. Thank you.
安古柏講得啱 農業部唔係我地盟友 我哋要落手落腳去做 唔單止為其他人支持好啲嘅飲食方式 困難嘅係要改善自己嘅飲食 要做到呢樣嘢其實好易 食少啲肉、少啲垃圾食物,多啲食菜 好簡單嘅竅門,就係進食 食真正嘅食物 我哋可以繼續享受食物,繼續食得好 而且可以食得更有益 仲可以繼續尋找鍾意嘅食材 繼續係我哋喜愛嘅餐點編寫故事 我哋唔單止要減少進食卡路里,仲要減少碳足印 我哋可以令食物更重要,而唔係令食物唔再受人重視 而且咁做可以教到我哋 我哋要揀呢條路去行啦 多謝