Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read a newspaper article which said that one day syringes would be one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS, the transmission of AIDS. I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.
Prije dvadeset pet i četvrt godina pročitao sam novinski članak u kojem je pisalo da će injekcije jednoga dana biti jedan od glavnih uzroka širenja SIDA-e, prijenosa SIDA-e. Pomislio sam kako je to neprihvatljivo. Pa sam odlučio učiniti nešto oko toga.
Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know, kills approximately one million people a year. The reuse of syringes now exceeds that and kills 1.3 million people a year. This young girl and her friend that I met in an orphanage in Delhi were HIV positive from a syringe. And what was so sad about this particular story was that once their parents had found out -- and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor -- the parents threw them out on the street. And hence they ended up in an orphanage.
Nažalost, ostvarilo se. Malarija, kao što svi znamo, ubija približno milijun ljudi godišnje. Višestruka uporaba šprica sada to premašuje i ubija 1,3 milijuna ljudi godišnje. Ova djevojčica i njezin prijatelj koje sam upoznao u sirotištu u Delhiju, bili su HIV pozitivni zbog šprice. Ono što je toliko tužno u ovoj priči je da ih su njihovi roditelji, kad su to otkrili, a ne zaboravite, roditelji su ih odveli k doktoru, roditelji su ih izbacili na ulicu. I tako su završili u sirotištu.
And it comes from situations like this where you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners, blindly giving an injection to someone. And the injection is so valuable, that the people basically trust the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times, to do the right thing. But in fact they're not. And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem between people in high-virus areas.
I tako to počinje u situacijama poput ove gdje imate obučene ili neobučene medicinare koji, naslijepo nekome daju injekciju. A injekcija je toliko dragocjena, da ljudi, u principu, vjeruju da će liječnik, koji je skoro Bog, što sam čuo mnogo puta, učiniti pravu stvar. Ali oni to ne čine. I vi razumijete, očito, problem prijenosa među ljudima u područjima s puno virusa.
This video we took undercover, which shows you, over a half an hour period, a tray of medicines of 42 vials, which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India. And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe was filmed being unwrapped. They started with two and they ended with two. And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray, which is their sort of modular station, and dropping the syringe she's just used back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again. So you can imagine the scale of this problem. And in fact in India alone, 62 percent of all injections given are unsafe.
Ovaj video smo snimili potajno, i on prikazuje, u razdoblju od pola sata, pladanj s lijekovima i 42 ampule. Lijekovi se ubrizgavaju sa samo 2 šprice u javnoj bolnici u Indiji. I tijekom pola sata, nismo snimili niti jednu novu špricu izvađenu iz zaštitne folije. Počeli su s dvije i završili su s dvije. I vidjet ćete, baš sad, kako medicinska sestra dolazi do pladnja, koji je kod njih nešto kao modularna stanica, i baca špricu koju je upravo upotrijebila natrag na pladanj kako bi je se moglo ponovno uzeti i upotrijebiti. Pa možete zamisliti red veličina ovog problema. U stvari, samo u Indiji, 62 posto svih injekcija koje se daju nije sigurno.
These kids in Pakistan don't go to school. They are lucky. They already have a job. And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes from the back of hospitals, wash them, and in the course of this, obviously picking them up they injure themselves. And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets for literally more money than a sterile syringe in the first place, which is quite bizarre. In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him, picked up a syringe and pricked his finger -- I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end -- and immediately whipped out a box of matches, lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger, giving me full assurance that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.
Ova djeca u Pakistanu ne idu u školu. Oni su sretnici. Već imaju posao. A taj posao se sastoji u tome da obilaze i skupljaju šprice iza bolnica, peru ih i, dok to rade, dok ih skupljaju se i samo ozlijede. Zatim ih ponovno zapakiraju i prodaju na tržnici po doslovno većoj cijeni nego što košta sterilna šprica. Što je sasvim bizarno. Na ovoj zanimljivoj fotografiji, njihov otac, dok razgovaramo s njim, podiže špricu i ubada se u prst -- ne znam možete li vidjeti kap krvi na vrhu -- i smjesta vadi kutiju šibica, pali šibicu i pali krv na vrhu svoga prsta, uvjeravajući me sigurno da je to način na koji sprečavate prijenos HIV-a.
In China, recycling is a major issue. And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here -- and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes, and then put back out on the street. So recycling and reuse are the major issues here. But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia. In all schools in Indonesia, there is usually a toy seller in the playground. The toy seller, in this case, had syringes, which they usually do, next door to the diggers, which is obviously what you would expect. And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols. They squirt them at each other, which is lovely and innocent. And they are having great fun. But they also drink from them while they're in their breaks, because it's hot. And they squirt the water into their mouths. And these are used with traces of blood visible.
U Kini, recikliranje je glavna stvar. Skupljaju ih masovno – ovdje možete vidjeti red veličina -- i sortiraju, rukom, prema pravim veličinama, i zatim ih vraćaju na ulicu. Tako da su reciklaža i ponovno korištenje glavni problemi ovdje. Ima jedna zanimljiva anegdota koju sam otkrio u Indoneziji. U svim školama u Indoneziji, na igralištu obično postoji prodavatelj igračaka. Prodavatelj igračaka, u ovom slučaju, imao je šprice, što je uobičajeno, odmah do lopata, što je svakako ono što biste očekivali. Šprice koriste, pod odmorom, kao vodene pištolje. Špricaju njima jedni druge. Što je lijepo i nedužno. I dobro se zabavljaju. Ali također i piju iz njih pod odmorom, jer je vruće. Špricaju vodu u usta. a šprice pritom imaju vidljive ostatke krvi.
So we need a better product. And we need better information. And I think, if I can just borrow this camera, I was going to show you my invention, which I came up with. So, it's a normal-looking syringe. You load it up in the normal way. This is made on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license. You give the injection and then put it down. If someone then tries to reuse it, it locks and breaks afterwards. It's very, very simple. Thank you. (Applause) And it costs the same as a normal syringe. And in comparison, a Coca-Cola is 10 times the price. And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.
Dakle, trebamo bolji proizvod. Trebamo i bolje informacije. Ja mislim, ako mogu samo posuditi ovaj foto aparat, Htio sam vam pokazati izum, do kojega sam došao. Ovo je uobičajena šprica. Napunite je na uobičajen način. Ovo se izrađuje postojećom opremom u 14 tvornica kojima dajemo licencu. Date injekciju i spustite je. Ako je netko pokuša ponovno koristiti, ona se zaglavi i slomi. Ovo je vrlo, vrlo jednostavno. Hvala vam. (Pljesak) A košta jednako kao i obična šprica. U usporedbi s njom, Coca-Cola košta 10 puta više. Ovo će spriječiti višestruko korištenje šprica 20 ili 30 puta.
And I have an information charity which has done huge scale amount of work in India. And we're very proud of giving information to people, so that little kids like this don't do stupid things. Thank you very much. (Applause)
A vlasnik sam i humanitarne informacijske agencije koja u Indiji obavlja posao velikog opsega. I vrlo smo ponosni što ljudima pružamo informacije kako mala djeca poput ove ne bi činila glupe stvari. Hvala vam lijepa. (Pljesak)