Shah Rukh Khan: Say no to plastic. The one thing that all environmental warriors teach us. But we begin and end the day with products that have been made from this virtually indestructible material. The truth is that our consumption and disposal of plastic has reached such unsustainable proportions that we need to address this using every idea and resource at hand.
沙魯.克罕:「向塑膠說不」 是所有的環境鬥士 都在灌輸疾呼的議題。 但我們每天從早到晚使用的 日常用品多是塑膠製品── 一個近乎無法摧毀的材料。 事實上我們所消費和丟棄的塑膠 已經累積到一個不能漠視的規模, 以致於我們需要絞盡腦汁 動用所有資源來應對。
Please welcome someone who's helping solve India's waste management issues, Mani Vajipey, recycler and cofounder/CEO of Banyan Nation.
請掌聲歡迎幫忙解決印度 廢棄物管理議題的來賓── 曼尼.瓦吉白,他是回收者 也是菩提國度的 共同創辦人和執行長。
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(掌聲)
Mani Vajipey: If recycling were an Olympic sport, India would win the gold medal. India has one of the highest rates of plastic recycling and recovery in the entire world. Higher than the likes of Singapore, countries in North America and even countries in Europe. India recovers and recycles over 60 percent of its plastic waste, whereas a developed country, like United States, manages just about 10 percent. This high rate of collection is largely possible thanks to the millions of informal recyclers, the kabadiwalas, the bhandiwallas and the raddiwalas that we find at every street corner across every city in India. And yet, in spite of such a ubiquitous, extensive and intricate network of recyclers, India's national scenery is dominated by filth and squalor. And the general perception is that we don't recycle our plastics.
曼尼.瓦吉白:如果 資源回收是奧運項目, 印度肯定是金牌得主。 因為印度有世界數一數二的 塑膠回收再利用率。 比新加坡還高, 也高過北美洲國家, 甚至遠超過歐洲國家。 印度有超過六成的塑膠 廢棄物都被回收再利用, 而已開發國家,例如美國, 大概只有一成。 我們回收率這麼高, 主要是歸功於數百萬 非正規的街頭的回收者── 負責掃街的卡巴地哇拉、 挨家挨戶收二手衣的般地哇拉, 以及收破銅爛鐵的拉地哇拉。 印度每個大城小巷 隨處可見牠們的身影。 即使這個回收大軍遍佈全國、 組織龐大、錯綜複雜, 印度給人的印象仍是 充斥著垃圾與髒污。 普遍印象是我們沒做塑膠回收。
The other thing about plastics in India is that any product made from recycled plastic is considered to be substandard and we expect it to be cheaper as well. What we don't realize is there are several types of plastics in their virgin and pure form, if recycled scientifically, can be recycled several times over without any compromise in quality. If we can recover and reuse our discarded plastic, then we save a significant amount of virgin plastic that we would have otherwise produced and consumed. And this is very important, because virgin plastic is made from fossil fuels that are an exhaustible resource. The more virgin plastic we produce and consume, the more plastic waste we have to manage.
另外一個有趣的事是, 印度對使用回收塑膠製造的產品 都覺得是次級品、 是廉價品。 大家並不知道的是, 有多種全新或原生的塑膠種類, 只要透過科學方式, 就能回收再製許多次, 並不影響品質。 回收再利用廢棄塑膠, 能省下生產全新塑膠的大量資源, 也不會製造更多塑膠垃圾。 這點非常重要, 因為原生塑膠是石化產物, 石化燃料是有限的資源。 生產消費越多的原生塑膠, 就有越多的塑膠廢棄物要處理。
Mismanagement of plastic waste leads to the leakage of such materials into our water bodies. It's now common knowledge that by the year 2050 we'll have more plastics in our oceans than fish.
沒處理好的塑膠廢棄物 會導致水源及水域污染。 眾所周知,等到 2050 年, 海洋中的塑膠量會遠超過魚量。
About seven years ago, my friend and cofounder Raj and I, we decided that we were going to focus on solving this massive problem. We went around the city of Hyderabad, talking to local recyclers. Very soon, we found out that there were many recyclers just in Hyderabad alone. We soon realized that the plastic recycling industry of today is not very different from the milk industry of the '60s and '70s. Milk in India is produced by marginal milk farmers, with two or three cows or buffalos, who produce five to ten liters of milk a day. Instead of blindly aping solutions from the West, India championed the milk cooperative model, where thousands of such small-scale recyclers were brought together into groups. With scale came innovations and investments. India was transformed from a milk-deficit nation to the world's leading exporter and producer of milk. It dawned upon us that India had in the past solved much larger problems, like milk deficiency. We only need to look back to our past to find inspiration in solving what is perhaps the most fundamental issue of our times, that is plastic pollution.
大約七年前, 我跟我的朋友拉吉 (另一創辦人), 我們決心投入解決這個大問題。 我們跑遍海得拉巴市區, 找當地的回收者談。 很快的我們就發現, 光在海得拉巴就有許多回收者。 同時我們也理解到, 現今的塑膠回收產業 很像我們六、七O年代的牛奶產業。 印度的牛奶多是來自 規模極小的酪農, 每個小農只有兩三頭母牛或水牛, 每天的產量只有五到十公升牛奶。 與其盲目地複製西方 國家的回收策略, 當年我們選擇酪乳小農的合作社模式, 數以千計的小規模回收者 各自加入同類分工的團體。 規模大了,創新跟資金自然跟著來。 當年印度從牛奶短缺的國家, 搖身變成世界領先的 牛奶生產及出口國。 我們從這段歷史了解到, 印度解決過太多諸如牛奶短缺 這類的龐大問題。 我們只需回顧過去, 或許就能找到靈感, 解決我們現今最最重大的議題── 塑膠污染。
But before we could do this, or before brands could use recycled plastic, we had to solve two things. Quality and scale. For us, to make a shampoo bottle from discarded plastics, we had to collect tens of thousands of tons of discarded plastics. For that, we needed data. Raj and I built a simple data intelligence platform that allowed us to map all the recyclers, giving us a bird's eye view of every recycler in Hyderabad. The results were astounding. There were 2,000 kabadiwalas just in Hyderabad alone. That means, for every square kilometer, there were four kabadiwalas or informal recyclers. No developed country or city in the entire world has the luxury of such a brilliant collection system.
但在開始前, 或者在說服大廠牌 使用回收塑膠前, 有兩件事得先解決── 品質和規模。 我們已知用廢棄塑膠 製造洗髮精瓶子, 得用上數萬公噸的廢棄塑膠。 要做到這點,我們還需要數據。 我和拉吉建了一個 簡單的資訊情報網, 標出全部回收者的所在, 我們能一眼看到海得拉巴 每個回收者的所在位置。 結果很驚人。 光是在海得拉巴, 就有兩千個卡巴地哇拉。 也就是說,平均每平方公里, 就有四個卡巴地哇拉, 非正規的回收者。 全世界沒有任何一個 已開發國家或城市 享有如此卓越的垃圾收集系統。
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Once we had the data, the rest was fairly straightforward. We started trading with the informal recyclers, we started training them to segregate the materials based on our quality specifications. In the past five years, we've developed several clusters across South India, comprising of thousands of such informal recyclers, who interact with us both directly and digitally. In parallel, we began working on the problem of quality and purity of material. So in the past five years, we developed a proprietary cleaning technology that allows us to eliminate all contaminants.
有了這些數據之後, 剩下的就簡單多了。 我們開始與這些非正規 回收者進行交易, 我們開始訓練他們, 照我們訂的品質規格 把垃圾分門別類處理。 過去五年裏, 我們在南印度發展了幾個據點, 每個據點都有數千名 此類非正規的回收者, 能在現場或是透過網路和我們互動。 同時,我們也開始處理 回收物的品質和純度問題。 在過去五年中,我們 發展出一套自己的清潔技術, 能將回收物上的汙染物徹底清除。
Today, Banyan's recycled granules have undergone stringent quality testing and have been certified by top global FMCG and automotive companies. In the next few months, tens of thousands of discarded plastics collected through informal recycler networks will be converted into high-quality granules and sent away to brands and large companies to make bottles for engine-oil packaging, for shampoo bottles and for lotions. In the next three years, we expect that over 500 million such bottles will be made from our recycled plastics.
今天,菩提國度所生產的回收塑膠粒 都經過嚴格的品質檢測, 且獲得全球日常消費用品 領先品牌的認證。 接下來幾個月, 從我們的回收據點 收回來的數萬件廢棄塑膠, 會被再製成為高品質的塑膠粒, 運送到各地的品牌企業, 用在製造機油的包裝瓶、 洗髮精罐子以及乳液的瓶子。 未來三年內, 我們預計會有超過五億個瓶子, 會是以我們的回收塑膠粒製造的。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
But this is just the beginning. In the next five years, we aspire to build an India where 100 percent of discarded plastics are recycled and repurposed scientifically -- where plastic waste no longer threatens our water bodies, and the very survival of our terrestrial and marine life.
但這只是開端。 接下來的五年,我們期望 將印度打造成一個全新國度, 在這裡,所有廢棄的塑膠 都透過科學的方式回收再利用, 在這裡,塑膠廢棄物 不再危害我們的水源, 不再威脅陸地上及海洋裡的生物。
So the next time you go to a store and pick up a shampoo bottle, see if that bottle uses safe and sustainable recycled plastic. That's not only just going to help the Earth but also reward the street corner recycler for his all-important work. Now that will compel brands to use more and more recycled plastic for their mainstream products and applications.
所以下次,當你去買洗髮精時, 看一下瓶子標示是否用 安全、永續的回收塑膠製造。 那不僅僅是幫助地球, 也會是給辛勤工作的 街頭回收者最大的回報。 這樣做會刺激推動品牌企業, 在生產主流產品時 提高回收塑膠的使用量。
Our tradition and our culture has a lot of ancient wisdom. Let's not destroy the only planet we have. The only home we have.
我們的傳統文化中 有許多古老的智慧。 大家一起來保護我們 僅有的地球不被摧毀, 它是我們唯一的家。
Thank you.
謝謝。
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SRK: Thank you, Mani. When I was young, I used to -- (sings in Hindi). How little do we know sometimes that we are, as a nation, the biggest recycler of plastics and waste, if not just plastic, and we didn't know this about our own country.
沙:謝謝你,曼尼。 我小時候,我常常唱── (拾荒者的北印度語叫賣聲) 我們竟然不知道, 印度是世界上最大的塑膠 甚至廢棄物回收國, 我相信許多國人不知道。
MV: May I say something really cool? Cities like New York and Paris today are looking to put out reverse vending machines so that people can go and put trash in that and then they can get some cash. For the past several decades, the entire country and the kabadiwalas, and the bhandiwallas, we have been doing that. I'm very positive that in three to five years, you'll wake up, you know that the plastic is being recycled, you're going to pick up a packaging, you know that the package actually has a mark that uses recycled plastics, so I'm super optimistic about this. Even as an entrepreneur.
曼:我能再說一件更酷的事。 現今,紐約及巴黎這些大城, 都在計畫使用回收販賣機, 只要把回收垃圾丟進機器裡, 就可拿到一點錢。 過去幾十年來, 我們全國上下,包括卡巴地哇拉、 及般地哇拉早就開始這樣做了。 我非常肯定,在三到五年間, 你某天醒來,所有的塑膠皆被回收, 每次買包裝產品時, 包裝上會有: 「以回收塑膠製造」的標示, 我非常明確會有那一天。 即使我自己正是創辦人。
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SRK: When I see a youngster do what he has done and achieved, I want that part to also be a source of encouragement for people to take over. So tell me, are you making a lot of money?
沙:每當我看到年輕人 努力執行去達成目標時, 我就希望那也能 激勵他人迎頭趕上。 告訴我,你開始賺很多錢了嗎? 曼:現在最興奮的就是塑膠回收 終於開始要有回報了。
MV: What's so brilliant about plastic recycling now is it's an idea whose time has come. And we're very fortunate to have signed a really big, multimillion-dollar contract with some of the top FMCG companies. So we are at the inflection point in India. And --
我們很幸運, 已經與許多全球領先消費品品牌 簽下數百萬美元的超級大合約, 此刻正是印度的轉折點。 而且──
SRK: Tell us the money, money, money, Mani.
沙:曼尼,談錢啦,錢、錢、錢。
MV: (Laughs)
曼:(笑)
SRK: Give the figure, it will encourage people, it's not for greed, it's not for any of the reasons ... Say to them. They are making good money, yeah.
沙:告訴大家一個數字興奮一下, 不是鼓勵大家貪心之類…… 告訴大家,回收塑膠有利潤。
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MV: For us, to build these systems in place, we need investors who will back us to develop --
曼:我們要把這些系統建置好, 需要更多投資者來支持我們開發──
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
(Applause)
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SRK: You have to be like Mani that I'm asking, "How much you're making?" he's already making it off me. But I may look stupid, but I'm not. I totally and completely believe in the concept of recycling plastic, and I'm going to help Mani with my first investment that all the plastic bottles that we have at shootings, in every shooting of mine, I'm going to send it to his company to recycle, starting from these four.
沙:你們一定要學學曼尼, 我才問他賺多少, 他馬上就想從我這掏錢。 我沒有外表看起來那麼笨。 我完完全全相信 塑膠回收的觀念, 而且我已經想好 給曼尼的第一筆投資了, 那就是我們攝影現場的塑膠瓶, 還有我每次攝影現場的瓶子, 我都會寄到他的公司回收, 就從這四個開始。
Thank you very much, Mani.
非常謝謝你,曼尼。
(Applause)
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MV: Thank you so much.
曼:非常謝謝。
SRK: Big round of applause for Mani.
沙:給曼尼熱烈的掌聲。
(Applause)
(掌聲)