How many of you had to fill out a web form where you've been asked to read a distorted sequence of characters like this? How many of you found it really annoying?
Koliko vas je pri izpolnjevanju spletnih obrazcev moralo razbrati tak popačen niz znakov? Kolikim se zdi to res zoprno? Prav, krasno. To sem torej izumil jaz.
(Laughter)
OK, outstanding. So I invented that.
(Smeh)
(Laughter)
Bil sem eden od izumiteljev.
Or I was one of the people who did it. That thing is called a CAPTCHA. And it is there to make sure you, the entity filling out the form, are a human and not a computer program that was written to submit the form millions of times. The reason it works is because humans, at least non-visually-impaired humans, have no trouble reading these distorted characters, whereas programs can't do it as well yet. In the case of Ticketmaster, the reason you have to type these characters is to prevent scalpers from writing a program that can buy millions of tickets, two at a time.
Ta reč se imenuje CAPTCHA. Njen namen je, da zagotovi, da obrazec izpolnjuje človek in ne kak računalniški program, sprogramiran, da nepretrgoma oddaja obrazce. Stvar deluje, ker ljudje, vsaj tisti, ki niso slabovidni, brez težav prepoznajo te popačene znake, računalniški programi pa tega še ne zmorejo tako dobro. Na strani Ticketmaster z vpisom teh skrivljenih znakov preprečite preprodajalcem vstopnic, da bi ustvarili program, ki bi jih lahko po dve naenkrat kupil na tisoče.
CAPTCHAs are used all over the Internet. And since they're used so often, a lot of times the sequence of random characters shown to the user is not so fortunate. So this is an example from the Yahoo registration page. The random characters that happened to be shown to the user were W, A, I, T, which, of course, spell a word. But the best part is the message that the Yahoo help desk got about 20 minutes later.
CAPTCHE se uporabljajo širom spleta. Zaradi pogostosti pojavljanja je rezultat vrstnega reda znakov, ki se izpiše, pogosto precej ponesrečen. Tu je primer s strani za prijavo na Yahoo. Naključni znaki, ki jih je moral uporabnik vpisati, so W, A, I, T, kar seveda tvori besedo (počakaj). Še bolj zanimivo pa je sporočilo, ki so ga na Yahoojevi podpori uporabnikom prejeli 20 minut kasneje.
[Help! I've been waiting for over 20 minutes and nothing happens.]
Besedilo: "Na pomoč! Čakam že več kot 20 minut, a se ne zgodi nič."
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
This person thought they needed to wait. This, of course, is not as bad as this poor person.
Ta uporabnik je torej mislil, da mora čakati. Še slabše jo je odnesla ta oseba. ("Ponovno zaženi")
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
CAPTCHA Project is something that we did at Carnegie Melllon over 10 years ago, and it's been used everywhere. Let me now tell you about a project that we did a few years later, which is sort of the next evolution of CAPTCHA. This is a project that we call reCAPTCHA, which is something that we started here at Carnegie Mellon, then we turned it into a start-up company. And then about a year and a half ago, Google actually acquired this company.
S projektom CAPTCHA smo pri Carnegie Mellon začeli pred dobrim desetletjem in odtlej je v splošni uporabi. Želel pa bi vam predstaviti projekt, ki smo ga začeli nekaj let kasneje, neke vrste nadgradnjo CAPTCHE. Projekt se imenuje reCAPTCHA, z njim smo začeli pri Carnegie Mellon, nato pa je prerasel v mlado podjetje. Pred letom in pol je Google podjetje tudi prevzel.
Let me tell you what this project started. This project started from the following realization: It turns out that approximately 200 million CAPTCHAs are typed everyday by people around the world. When I first heard this, I was quite proud of myself. I thought, look at the impact my research has had. But then I started feeling bad. Here's the thing: each time you type a CAPTCHA, essentially, you waste 10 seconds of your time. And if you multiply that by 200 million, you get that humanity is wasting about 500,000 hours every day typing these annoying CAPTCHAs.
Naj vam predstavim projekt. Osnova je bilo spoznanje, da se približno 200 milijonov CAPTCH vsakodnevno vtipka po vsem svetu. Ko sem to slišal, sem bil ponosen nase. Vesel sem bil, da je moje delo imelo tak vpliv. Nato pa sem se začel počutiti slabo. Vsakič ko vtipkate CAPTCHO, namreč izgubite 10 sekund svojega časa. Če to pomnožite s 200 milijoni, vidite, da človeštvo vsak dan zapravi 500.000 ur med tipkanjem teh zoprnih CAPTCH.
(Laughter)
Počutil sem se slabo.
So then I started feeling bad.
(Smeh)
(Laughter)
A kljub temu jih ne moremo kar prenehati uporabljati,
And then I started thinking, of course, we can't just get rid of CAPTCHAs, because the security of the web depends on them. But then I started thinking, can we use this effort for something that is good for humanity? So see, here's the thing. While you're typing a CAPTCHA, during those 10 seconds, your brain is doing something amazing. Your brain is doing something that computers cannot yet do. So can we get you to do useful work for those 10 seconds? Is there some humongous problem that we cannot yet get computers to solve, yet we can split into tiny 10-second chunks such that each time somebody solves a CAPTCHA, they solve a little bit of this problem? And the answer to that is "yes," and this is what we're doing now.
saj na njih temelji varnost spleta. Hotel sem najti način, kako bi ta trud uporabnikov spremenili v nekaj dobrega za človeštvo. Gre namreč za to. Ko tipkate CAPTCHO, vaši možgani teh 10 sekund počnejo nekaj neverjetnega. Nekaj, česar računalniki še niso sposobni. Kako lahko vaš trud teh 10 sekund uporabimo za nekaj koristnega? Z drugimi besedami, ali obstaja kakšna ogromna težava, ki je računalniki še ne morejo rešiti, lahko pa jo razdelimo na 10-sekundne delčke, da lahko vsakdo, ki razbere in vtipka CAPTCHO, hkrati reši delček te težave? Odgovor je "da" in s tem se trenutno ukvarjamo.
Nowadays, while you're typing a CAPTCHA, not only are you authenticating yourself as a human, but in addition you're helping us to digitize books. Let me explain how this works. There's a lot of projects trying to digitize books. Google has one. The Internet Archive has one. Amazon, with the Kindle, is trying to digitize books. Basically, the way this works is you start with an old book. You've seen those things, right? Like a book?
Morda še ne veste, da se dandanes ob vsakem vnosu CAPTCHE ne le istovetite kot ljudje, pač pa tudi pomagate pri digitalizaciji knjig. Naj razložim, kako deluje. Veliko projektov se ubada z digitalizacijo knjig. Taka sta tudi Google ter Internet Archive. Tudi Amazon preko Kindla dela na digitalizaciji knjig. To poteka tako, da začnemo s staro knjigo. Saj poznate te stvari, kajne? Knjige? (Smeh)
(Laughter)
Vzamemo torej knjigo in jo skeniramo.
So you start with a book and then you scan it.
To izgleda tako,
Now, scanning a book is like taking a digital photograph of every page. It gives you an image for every page. This is an image with text for every page of the book. The next step in the process is that the computer needs to be able to decipher the words in this image. That's using a technology called OCR, for optical character recognition, which takes a picture of text and tries to figure out what text is in there. Now, the problem is that OCR is not perfect. Especially for older books where the ink has faded and the pages have turned yellow, OCR cannot recognize a lot of the words. For things that were written more than 50 years ago, the computer cannot recognize about 30 percent of the words. So now we're taking all of the words that the computer cannot recognize and we're getting people to read them for us while they're typing a CAPTCHA on the Internet.
kot bi posneli digitalno fotografijo vsake strani v knjigi. Dobimo torej podobo vsake strani, podobo z besedilom celotne knjige. Pri naslednjem koraku mora biti računalnik zmožen dešifrirati vse besede na tej podobi. Pri tem mu pomaga tehnologija OCR za optično prepoznavanje znakov, ki posname sliko besedila in ga poskuša razbrati. A tehnologija OCR ni popolna. Še posebej pri starejših knjigah z zbledelim črnilom in porumenelimi stranmi je mnogo besed, ki jih OCR ne prepozna. Pri besedilih, starejših od 50 let, računalnik ne razbere skoraj 30 odstotkov besed. Naše delo je, da zberemo vse besede, ki jih računalnik ne prepozna, in jih posredujemo ljudem, da jih preberejo in vtipkajo preko CAPTCHE na spletu.
So the next time you type a CAPTCHA, these words that you're typing are actually words from books that are being digitized that the computer could not recognize. The reason we have two words nowadays instead of one is because one of the words is a word that the system just got out of a book, it didn't know what it was and it's going to present it to you. But since it doesn't know the answer, it cannot grade it. So we give you another word, for which the system does know the answer. We don't tell you which one's which and we say, please type both. And if you type the correct word for the one for which the system knows the answer, it assumes you are human and it also gets some confidence that you typed the other word correctly. And if we repeat this process to 10 different people and they agree on what the new word is, then we get one more word digitized accurately.
Ko boste naslednjič vnašali CAPTCHO, bo to beseda iz knjige v postopku digitalizacije, ki je računalnik ni uspel razbrati. Dandanes pa CAPTCHE tvorita dve besedi in ne ena, in ena od njiju je beseda, ki jo je sistem potegnil iz knjige, je ni prepoznal in jo posredoval vam. A ker je ne pozna, ne ve, ali je vaš vnos pravi. Zato vam damo še drugo besedo, za katero sistem pozna odgovor. Vi ne veste, katera je katera, in vnesti je potrebno obe. In če prav vnesete besedo, na katero sistem že pozna pravilen odgovor, sklepa, da ste človek, in vam zaupa, da boste pravilno vnesli tudi drugo. Če ta postopek ponovimo pri 10 različnih ljudeh in vsi enako vnesejo pomen nove besede, s tem dobimo novo pravilno digitalizirano besedo.
So this is how the system works. And since we released it about three or four years ago, a lot of websites have started switching from the old CAPTCHA, where people wasted their time, to the new CAPTCHA where people are helping to digitize books. So every time you buy tickets on Ticketmaster, you help to digitize a book. Facebook: Every time you add a friend or poke somebody, you help to digitize a book. Twitter and about 350,000 other sites are all using reCAPTCHA. And the number of sites that are using reCAPTCHA is so high that the number of words we're digitizing per day is really large. It's about 100 million a day, which is the equivalent of about two and a half million books a year. And this is all being done one word at a time by just people typing CAPTCHAs on the Internet.
Tako torej deluje ta sistem. Odkar smo s tem začeli pred tremi ali štirimi leti, je mnogo spletnih strani zamenjalo stare CAPTCHE, ki so zapravljale čas ljudi, za nove CAPTCHE, s katerimi digitaliziramo knjige. Tak je tudi Ticketmaster. Vsakič ko kupite vstopnice na Ticketmastru, pomagate pri digitalizaciji knjig. Vsakič ko na Facebooku dodate ali dregnete prijatelja, digitalizirate knjige. Twitter in še 350.000 drugih spletnih strani uporablja reCAPTCHE. Število strani z reCAPTCHO je že tako veliko, da je ogromno tudi število besed, ki se dnevno digitalizirajo, in sicer okrog 100 milijonov na dan, kar na letni ravni znese okrog 2,5 milijona knjig. Do tega pride le z eno besedo naenkrat, z vnašanjem CAPTCH na spletnih straneh. (Aplavz)
(Applause)
Seveda pa se s pojavom
Now, of course, since we're doing so many words per day, funny things can happen. This is especially true because now we're giving people two randomly chosen English words next to each other. So funny things can happen. For example, we presented this word. It's the word "Christians"; there's nothing wrong with it. But if you present it along with another randomly chosen word, bad things can happen. So we get this.
tolikih besed v enem dnevu dogajajo tudi čudne stvari. Še posebej zdaj, ko uporabnikom posredujemo dve naključno izbrani angleški besedi hkrati. Včasih so kombinacije zelo zabavne. Lep primer je ta beseda. Pomeni "kristjani" in do tu še ni posebnosti. Če pa jo postavite zraven povsem naključno izbrane besede, je lahko rezultat ponesrečen. Nastane lahko to. (Besedilo: slabi kristjani)
[bad Christians]
Še slabše postane, ko ugotovimo, da se je bila ta kombinacija pojavila
But it's even worse, because the website where we showed this actually happened to be called The Embassy of the Kingdom of God.
na strani Ambasade božjega kraljestva. (Smeh)
(Laughter)
Ups.
Oops.
(Smeh)
(Laughter)
Tu je še en tak primer.
Here's another really bad one. JohnEdwards.com
JohnEdwards.com (Besedilo: Prekleti liberalec)
[Damn liberal]
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
So we keep on insulting people left and right everyday. Of course, we're not just insulting people. Here's the thing. Since we're presenting two randomly chosen words, interesting things can happen. So this actually has given rise to a really big Internet meme that tens of thousands of people have participated in, which is called CAPTCHA art. I'm sure some of you have heard about it. Here's how it works. Imagine you're using the Internet and you see a CAPTCHA that you think is somewhat peculiar, like this CAPTCHA.
Na ta način dnevno žalimo leve in desne. Seveda pa ne gre le za žalitve. Ker gre za kombinacije dveh naključno izbranih besed, se dogajajo zanimive stvari. To je spodbudilo nastanek obsežnega spletnega fenomena, pri katerem sodeluje na desettisoče ljudi, imenovanega CAPTCHA umetnost. Gotovo je kdo od vas že slišal zanjo. Deluje pa tako. Zamislite si, da med uporabo spleta naletite na CAPTCHO, ki se vam zdi zanimiva, kot je na primer ta. (Besedilo: nevidni opekač)
[invisible toaster]
Nato naredite posnetek zaslona, ki jo prikazuje.
What you're supposed to do is you take a screenshot of it. Then of course, you fill out the CAPTCHA because you help us digitize a book. But first you take a screenshot and then you draw something that is related to it.
Seveda sledi vnos CAPTCHE, saj pomagate digitalizirati knjigo. Najprej torej naredite posnetek zaslona, nato pa poskušate narisati njen pomen.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
That's how it works.
Tako to poteka.
(Laughter)
Obstaja na desettisoče takih podob.
There are tens of thousands of these. Some of them are very cute.
Nekatere so zelo ljubke. (Besedilo: stisnil sem)
[clenched it]
(Smeh)
(Laughter)
Nekatere so bolj zabavne.
Some of them are funnier.
(Besedilo: zadeti ustanovitelji)
[stoned Founders]
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And some of them, like paleontological shvisle ...
Ali pa ta,
(Laughter)
paleontološki shvisle,
they contain Snoop Dogg.
kjer nastopa Snoop Dogg.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
OK, so this is my favorite number of reCAPTCHA. So this is the favorite thing that I like about this whole project. This is the number of distinct people that have helped us digitize at least one word out of a book through reCAPTCHA: 750 million, a little over 10 percent of the world's population, has helped us digitize human knowledge. And it is numbers like these that motivate my research agenda. So the question that motivates my research is the following: If you look at humanity's large-scale achievements, these really big things that humanity has gotten together and done historically -- like, for example, building the pyramids of Egypt or the Panama Canal or putting a man on the Moon -- there is a curious fact about them, and it is that they were all done with about the same number of people. It's weird; they were all done with about 100,000 people. And the reason for that is because, before the Internet, coordinating more than 100,000 people, let alone paying them, was essentially impossible. But now with the Internet, I've just shown you a project where we've gotten 750 million people to help us digitize human knowledge. So the question that motivates my research is, if we can put a man on the Moon with 100,000, what can we do with 100 million?
Ta številka mi je pri reCAPTCHI najbolj všeč in me pri celotnem projektu najbolj navdušuje. To je število ljudi, ki so nam preko reCAPTCHE pomagali digitalizirati vsaj eno besedo iz knjige, 750 milijonov ljudi, dobrih 10 odstotkov svetovnega prebivalstva, nam je pomagalo digitalizirati človeško znanje. Številke, kot je ta, spodbujajo moje raziskovalne načrte. Vprašanje, ki vodi mojo raziskavo, je sledeče: pri velikopoteznih dosežkih človeštva, resnično velikih stvareh, ki so v zgodovini združevale človeštvo, kot je na primer gradnja piramid v Egiptu, Panamskega prekopa, ali človeška odprava na Luno, je zanimivo, da je pri vseh sodelovalo približno enako število ljudi. Zanimivo je, da so vse združevale okrog sto tisoč ljudi. Razlog za to je, da je bila v času pred spletom uskladitev več kot sto tisoč ljudi, kaj šele plač za njihovo delo, praktično nemogoča. Z uporabo spleta pa lahko izvedemo projekte, kot je ta, ki združuje 750 milijonov ljudi v postopku digitalizacije človeškega znanja. Pri mojem delu me zanima, če lahko sto tisoč ljudi pošlje človeka na Luno, kaj šele lahko stori sto milijonov?
So based on this question, we've had a lot of different projects that we've been working on. Let me tell you about one that I'm most excited about. This is something that we've been semiquietly working on for the last year and a half or so. It hasn't yet been launched. It's called Duolingo. Since it hasn't been launched, shhh!
Na tem vprašanju temelji še mnogo drugih projektov, s katerimi se ukvarjamo. Predstavil vam bom projekt, ki me najbolj navdušuje. Na njem smo na pol potiho delali zadnje leto in pol. Nismo ga še zagnali. Imenuje se Duolingo. Ker še ni zunaj, pšššt!
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Yeah, I can trust you'll do that. So this is the project. Here's how it started. It started with me posing a question to my graduate student, Severin Hacker. OK, that's Severin Hacker. So I posed the question to my graduate student. By the way, you did hear me correctly; his last name is Hacker.
Kot da vam lahko zaupam. To je ta projekt. Začel pa se je tako. Zastavil sem vprašanje svojemu študentu, Severinu Hackerju. To je Severin Hacker. Zastavil sem mu torej vprašanje. Mimogrede, prav ste slišali, piše se Hacker (heker).
(Laughter)
Vprašanje se je glasilo:
So I posed this question to him: How can we get 100 million people translating the web into every major language for free? There's a lot of things to say about this question. First of all, translating the web. Right now, the web is partitioned into multiple languages. A large fraction of it is in English. If you don't know English, you can't access it. But there's large fractions in other different languages, and if you don't know them, you can't access it. So I would like to translate all of the web, or at least most of it, into every major language. That's what I would like to do.
kako pripraviti sto milijonov ljudi, da prevedejo spletne vsebine v vse velike jezike, in to brezplačno? Pri tem vprašanju je treba povedati veliko stvari. Prvič, prevajanje spleta. Trenutno je splet razdeljen na veliko jezikov. Velik del je v angleščini. A če angleščine ne znate, vam ne koristi. Tu je še velik del spleta v drugih jezikih, a če jih ne poznate, vam ne koristi. Želel bi torej prevesti cel ali vsaj večino spleta v vsak veliki jezik. To torej želim doseči.
Now, some of you may say, why can't we use computers to translate? Machine translation is starting to translate some sentences here and there. Why can't we use it to translate the web? The problem with that is it's not yet good enough and it probably won't be for the next 15 to 20 years. It makes a lot of mistakes. Even when it doesn't, since it makes so many mistakes, you don't know whether to trust it or not.
Nekateri boste rekli, zakaj ne morejo tega storiti računalniki? Zakaj ne moremo uporabiti strojnih prevodov? Strojno prevajanje dandanes že prevaja določene stavke. Zakaj ne bi mogli strojno prevesti celotnega spleta? Težava je, da je tak način prevajanja še zelo pomanjkljiv in ne bo zadovoljiv še naslednjih 15 do 20 let. Dela veliko napak. In tudi če ne naredi napake, mu zaradi prejšnjih napak ne zaupamo več popolnoma.
So let me show you an example of something that was translated with a machine. Actually, it was a forum post. It was somebody who was trying to ask a question about JavaScript. It was translated from Japanese into English. So I'll just let you read. This person starts apologizing for the fact that it's translated with a computer. So the next sentence is going to be the preamble to the question. So he's just explaining something. Remember, it's a question about JavaScript.
Naj vam pokažem primer strojnega prevoda. Gre za objavo na forumu. Nekdo je želel postaviti vprašanje o JavaScriptu. Gre za prevod iz japonščine v angleščino. Kar preberite. Ta oseba se opraviči, da se je poslužila strojnega prevoda. Naslednji stavek bo uvod v vprašanje. Tu nekaj razlaga. Ne pozabite, vprašanje zadeva JavaScript.
[At often, the goat-time install a error is vomit.]
(Besedilo: Pogosto kozji čas namestitev napake je bruhanje.)
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Then comes the first part of the question.
Nato pride prvi del vprašanja.
[How many times like the wind, a pole, and the dragon?]
(Besedilo: Kolikokrat kot veter, drog in zmaj?)
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
Then comes my favorite part of the question.
Sledi pa meni najljubši del vprašanja.
[This insult to father's stones?]
(Besedilo: Ta žalitev očetovih kamnov?)
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And then comes the ending, which is my favorite part of the whole thing.
Zadnji del pa je najboljši. (Besedilo: Prosim oprosti za tvojo neumnost. Tam je veliko hvala.)
[Please apologize for your stupidity. There are a many thank you.]
(Smeh)
(Laughter)
Strojno prevajanje torej še ni zadovoljivo.
OK, so computer translation, not yet good enough. So back to the question. So we need people to translate the whole web. So now the next question you may have is, well, why can't we just pay people to do this? We could pay professional translators to translate the whole web. We could do that. Unfortunately, it would be extremely expensive. For example, translating a tiny fraction of the whole web, Wikipedia, into one other language, Spanish. OK? Wikipedia exists in Spanish, but it's very small compared to the size of English. It's about 20 percent of the size of English. If we wanted to translate the other 80 percent into Spanish, it would cost at least 50 million dollars -- and this is even at the most exploited, outsourcing country out there. So it would be very expensive. So what we want to do is, we want to get 100 million people translating the web into every major language for free.
Vrnimo se k vprašanju. Potrebujemo ljudi za prevod celotnega spleta. Morda se sprašujete, zakaj preprosto ne moremo najeti ljudi za to? Lahko bi plačali poklicne prevajalce, da bi prevedli splet. Lahko bi. Na žalost bi bilo to nepredstavljivo drago. Vzemimo prevod majcenega delčka celotnega spleta, Wikipedije, v drug jezik, španščino. Wikipedija obstaja v španščini, a je njen obseg majhen v primerjavi z angleško različico. Predstavlja okrog 20 odstotkov angleške. Če bi hoteli prevesti ostalih 80 odstotkov v španščino, bi to stalo najmanj 50 milijonov dolarjev, in še to v najbolj izkoriščevalski in zatiralski državi. Bilo bi torej izjemno drago. Namesto tega želimo dobiti 100 milijonov ljudi, ki bi splet prevajali v vsak večji jezik brezplačno.
If this is what you want to do, you quickly realize you're going to run into two big hurdles, two big obstacles. The first one is a lack of bilinguals. So I don't even know if there exists 100 million people out there using the web who are bilingual enough to help us translate. That's a big problem. The other problem you're going to run into is a lack of motivation. How are we going to motivate people to actually translate the web for free? Normally, you have to pay people to do this. So how are we going to motivate them to do it for free? When we were starting to think about this, we were blocked by these two things. But then we realized, there's a way to solve both these problems with the same solution. To kill two birds with one stone. And that is to transform language translation into something that millions of people want to do and that also helps with the problem of lack of bilinguals, and that is language education.
Pri takem cilju se moramo zelo hitro soočiti z dvema velikima preprekama, dvema velikima ovirama. Prva je pomanjkanje dvojezičnih ljudi. Nisem prepričan, da obstaja 100 milijonov uporabnikov spleta z zadostnim dvojezičnim znanjem, da lahko prevajajo. To je velika težava. Druga pa je pomanjkanje spodbude. Kako bomo spodbudili ljudi, da brezplačno prevajajo splet? Običajno tako delo zahteva plačilo. Kako naj jih torej spodbudimo k neprofitnemu delu? Ko smo začeli razmišljati o tem, sta nas ti težavi ovirali. Nato pa smo se domislili načina, kako ju odpraviti z le eno rešitvijo. Načinom, kako ubiti dve muhi na en mah. Prevajanje smo spremenili v nekaj, kar milijoni ljudi želijo delati, in kar hkrati odpravlja pomanjkanje dvojezičnih ljudi, in to je učenje jezika.
So it turns out that today, there are over 1.2 billion people learning a foreign language. People really want to learn a foreign language. And it's not just because they're being forced to do so in school. In the US alone, there are over five million people who have paid over $500 for software to learn a new language. So people really want to learn a new language. So what we've been working on for the last year and a half is a new website -- it's called Duolingo -- where the basic idea is people learn a new language for free while simultaneously translating the web. And so basically, they're learning by doing.
Izkazalo se je, da se danes več kot 1,2 milijarde ljudi uči tujega jezika. Ljudje se res želijo naučiti novih jezikov. In ne le zato, ker jih v to silijo v šoli. Le v ZDA, na primer, je pet milijonov ljudi plačalo več kot 500 dolarjev za nakup programa za učenje tujega jezika. Ljudje se resnično želijo naučiti novega jezika. Zadnje leto in pol smo torej delali na novi spletni strani, imenovani Duolingo, vodilna zamisel pa je brezplačno učenje novega jezika, ob katerem se hkrati prevaja splet. Uporabniki se učijo s prakso.
So the way this works is whenever you're a just a beginner, we give you very simple sentences. There's a lot of very simple sentences on the web. We give you very simple sentences along with what each word means. And as you translate them and as you see how other people translate them, you start learning the language. And as you get more advanced, we give you more complex sentences to translate. But at all times, you're learning by doing.
Deluje tako, da tudi začetniki dobijo izjemno preproste stavke, ki jih je na spletu seveda obilo. Dobite torej zelo preproste stavke skupaj s pomeni za vsako besedo. Ko jih prevedete in preverite prevod drugih, se s tem učite novega jezika. Ko napredujete, dobite v prevod bolj zapletene stavke. V vsakem primeru pa se učite s prakso. Najbolj noro pri tej metodi pa je,
Now, the crazy thing about this method is that it actually really works. People are really learning a language. We're mostly done building it and now we're testing it. People really can learn a language with it. And they learn it about as well as the leading language learning software. So people really do learn a language. And not only do they learn it as well, but actually it's more interesting. Because with Duolingo, people are learning with real content. As opposed to learning with made-up sentences, people are learning with real content, which is inherently interesting. So people really do learn a language.
da dejansko deluje. Prvič, ljudje se resnično učijo jezika. Program smo že postavili, sedaj ga testiramo. Ljudje se z njim resnično lahko naučijo jezika. In uspeh je primerljiv z uporabniki vodilnih programov za učenje. Ljudje resnično osvojijo nov jezik. A ne samo osvojijo, pač pa postane še bolj zanimivo. Pri Duolingu se namreč učimo na podlagi resničnih vsebin. V nasprotju z umetno ustvarjenimi stavki se tu ljudje učijo na resničnih stavkih, kar je bistveno bolj zanimivo. Jezika se torej uspešno naučijo.
But perhaps more surprisingly, the translations that we get from people using the site, even though they're just beginners, the translations that we get are as accurate as those of professional language translators, which is very surprising. So let me show you one example. This is a sentence that was translated from German into English. The top is the German. The middle is an English translation that was done by a professional translator who we paid 20 cents a word for this translation. And the bottom is a translation by users of Duolingo, none of whom knew any German before they started using the site. If you can see, it's pretty much perfect. Of course, we play a trick here to make the translations as good as professional language translators. We combine the translations of multiple beginners to get the quality of a single professional translator.
A morda je bolj presenetljivo, da so prevodi, ki jih dobimo od uporabnikov, čeprav gre za začetnike, po kakovosti primerljivi s prevodi poklicnih prevajalcev, kar je res presenetljivo. Naj vam pokažem primer. Ta stavek je bil preveden iz nemščine v angleščino. Zgornji odstavek je v nemščini. V sredini je angleški prevod poklicnega prevajalca za angleščino, ki je računal 20 centov na besedo. Spodaj pa je prevod uporabnikov Duolinga, od katerih nihče ni znal nemško, preden so začeli uporabljati to stran. Kot vidite, je praktično popoln. Mi pa z zvijačo naredimo prevode primerljive s prevodi poklicnih prevajalcev. Prevode več začetnikov združimo in tako dosežemo kakovost enega poklicnega prevajalca.
Now, even though we're combining the translations, the site actually can translate pretty fast. So let me show you, this is our estimates of how fast we could translate Wikipedia from English into Spanish. Remember, this is 50 million dollars' worth of value. So if we wanted to translate Wikipedia into Spanish, we could do it in five weeks with 100,000 active users. And we could do it in about 80 hours with a million active users. Since all the projects my group has worked on so far have gotten millions of users, we're hopeful that we'll be able to translate extremely fast.
In čeprav združujemo prevode, stran prevaja precej hitro. Naj vam pokažem naše ocene, kako hitro bi lahko prevedli Wikipedijo iz angleščine v španščino. Ne pozabite, da govorimo o vrednosti 50 milijonov dolarjev. Če bi torej želeli prevesti Wikipedijo v španščino, bi v petih tednih to dosegli s 100.000 aktivnih uporabnikov, oz. v 80 urah z milijonom aktivnih uporabnikov. Ker so projekti naše ekipe doslej zbrali že milijone uporabnikov, upamo, da nam bo ta projekt omogočil izjemno hitro prevajanje.
Now, the thing that I'm most excited about with Duolingo is I think this provides a fair business model for language education. So here's the thing: The current business model for language education is the student pays, and in particular, the student pays Rosetta Stone 500 dollars.
Pri Duolingu me najbolj navdušuje to, da predstavlja pravičen poslovni način učenja jezikov. Gre namreč za to: sedanje poslovne prakse učenja jezikov delujejo tako, da učenec plača za uporabo, in sicer 500 dolarjev za program Rosetta Stone.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
That's the current business model. The problem with this business model is that 95 percent of the world's population doesn't have 500 dollars. So it's extremely unfair towards the poor. This is totally biased towards the rich. Now, see, in Duolingo, because while you learn, you're actually creating value, you're translating stuff -- which, for example, we could charge somebody for translations, so this is how we could monetize this. Since people are creating value while they're learning, they don't have to pay with their money, they pay with their time. But the magical thing here is that is time that would have had to have been spent anyways learning the language. So the nice thing about Duolingo is, I think, it provides a fair business model -- one that doesn't discriminate against poor people.
Taka je trenutna poslovna praksa. Pri tem pa je težava, da 95 odstotkov svetovnega prebivalstva nima 500 dolarjev. Je torej izjemno nepravična do revnejših in namenjena bogatim. Duolingo pa je zasnovan tako, da med učenjem pravzaprav ne koristite le sebi, pač pa tudi prevajate, za kar bi nekdo drug računal. S tem ovrednotimo vaše učenje. Ker ima rezultat učenja za nas vrednost, jim ne izstavimo računa, saj plačajo s svojim časom. Čudovito pri tem je, da unovčijo čas, ki bi ga itak porabili za učenje jezika. Prednost Duolinga je, da predstavlja pravičen posloven način, ki ne zapostavlja revnejših ljudi. To je ta stran. Hvala vam.
So here's the site. Thank you.
(Aplavz)
(Applause)
To je torej naslov strani.
We haven't yet launched, but if you go there, you can sign up to be part of our private beta, which is probably going to start in three or four weeks. We haven't yet launched it.
Nismo je še zagnali, a kljub temu se lahko vpišete in se pridružite naši razvojni različici, ki naj bi se zagnala v treh ali štirih tednih. Duolingo torej še ni na voljo.
By the way, I'm the one talking here, but Duolingo is the work of a really awesome team,
Mimogrede, o njem govorim le jaz, Duolingo pa je delo izjemne ekipe, katere del je z nami.
some of whom are here. So thank you.
Hvala še enkrat.
(Applause)
(Aplavz)