I'm not at all a cook. So don't fear, this is not going to be a cooking demonstration. But I do want to talk to you about something that I think is dear to all of us. And that is bread -- something which is as simple as our basic, most fundamental human staple. And I think few of us spend the day without eating bread in some form. Unless you're on one of these Californian low-carb diets, bread is standard. Bread is not only standard in the Western diet. As I will show to you, it is actually the mainstay of modern life.
Nu sunt bucatar. Asa ca nu va temeti, aceasta nu va fi o demonstratie de gatit. Dar vreau sa va vorbesc despre ceva ce cred ca ne este drag tuturor. Vreau sa va vorbesc despre paine - simpla noastra mancare de baza. Si cred ca putini dintre noi lasam sa treaca o zi fara sa mancam paine intr-o forma sau alta. Daca nu esti la o dieta californiana bazata pe consum redus de carbohidrati, painea e standard. Painea nu este de baza numai in dieta vestica. Asa cum o sa va arat, este de fapt baza vietii moderne.
So I'm going to bake bread for you. In the meantime I'm also talking to you, so my life is going to be complicated. Bear with me. First of all, a little bit of audience participation. I have two loaves of bread here. One is a supermarket standard: white bread, pre-packaged, which I'm told is called a Wonderbread. (Laughter) I didn't know this word until I arrived. And this is more or less, a whole-meal, handmade, small-bakery loaf of bread. Here we go. I want to see a show of hands. Who prefers the whole-meal bread? Okay let me do this differently. Is anybody preferring the Wonderbread at all? (Laughter) I have two tentative male hands. (Laughter)
Am sa coc paine pentru voi. In acelasi timp o sa va vorbesc. Deci am o misiune complicata. Aveti radbare! In primul rand, am nevoie de putina participare din partea audientei. Am aici doua paini. Una este painea standard de la supermarket, paine alba, pre-ambalata, care mi se spune ca se numeste "Painea Minune". (Rasete) Nu stiam acest cuvant pana am veni aici. Si aceasta este mai mult sau mai putin o paine integrala, de casa, sau de mica brutarie. Asa. Vreau sa ridicati mainile. Cine prefera painea integrala? Ei bine, sa facem in alt fel. E cineva care prefera "Painea Minune"? (Rasete) Vad ca doua maini de barbati incearca sa se ridice. (Rasete)
Okay, now the question is really, why is this so? And I think it is because we feel that this kind of bread really is about authenticity. It's about a traditional way of living. A way that is perhaps more real, more honest. This is an image from Tuscany, where we feel agriculture is still about beauty. And life is really, too. And this is about good taste, good traditions. Why do we have this image? Why do we feel that this is more true than this? Well I think it has a lot to do with our history. In the 10,000 years since agriculture evolved, most of our ancestors have actually been agriculturalists or they were closely related to food production. And we have this mythical image of how life was in rural areas in the past. Art has helped us to maintain that kind of image. It was a mythical past. Of course, the reality is quite different. These poor farmers working the land by hand or with their animals, had yield levels that are comparable to the poorest farmers today in West Africa. But we have, somehow, in the course of the last few centuries, or even decades, started to cultivate an image of a mythical, rural agricultural past.
Ei bine, acum intrebarea este, de ce avem acest rezultat? Cred ca este deoarece credem ca acest tip de paine reprezinta autenticitatea. Ca reprezinta un mod traditional de a trai. Un mod de viata care este mai real, mai onest. Aceasta este o imagine din Toscana, care ne face sa credem ca agricultura inca inseamna frumusete. Ca si viata in sine. Asta inseamna bun gust si traditii frumoase. De ce avem aceasta imagine? De ce credem ca aceasta imagine e mai reala decat cealalta? Ei bine, cred ca raspunsul tine in mare parte de istoria noastra. De zici de mii de ani de evolutie a agriculturii, majoritatea stramosilor nostri au fost agricultori sau erau foarte apropiati de producerea hranei. Si avem in minte aceasta imagine mitica a cum era viata in mediul rural in trecut. Arta ne-a ajutat sa conservam acest tip de imagine. A fost un trecut mitic. Bineinteles, realitatea este oarecum diferita. Acesti fermieri saraci care lucrau pamantul cu mainile sau cu ajutorul animalelor, au avut un randament comparabil cu cel al celor mai saraci fermieri care traiesc azi in vestul Africii. Dar, intr-un fel, in decursul ultimelor secole, sau chiar decade, am inceput sa cultivam o imagine a unui trecut agricultural mitic, rural.
It was only 200 years ago that we had the advent of the Industrial Revolution. And while I'm starting to make some bread for you here, it's very important to understand what that revolution did to us. It brought us power. It brought us mechanization, fertilizers. And it actually drove up our yields. And even sort of horrible things, like picking beans by hand, can now be done automatically. All that is a real, great improvement, as we shall see. Of course we also, particularly in the last decade, managed to envelop the world in a dense chain of supermarkets, in a chain of global trade. And it means that you now eat products, which can come from all around the world. That is the reality of our modern life. Now you may prefer this loaf of bread. Excuse my hands but this is how it is.
Au trecut numai 200 de ani de cand s-a produs Revolutia Industriala. Si in timp ce incep sa fac niste paine pentru voi aici, este foarte important sa intelegem impactul pe care l-a avut aceasta revolutie industriala asupra noastra. Ne-a dat putere. Ne-a adus mecanizare, fertilizanti. Si ne-a ridicat randamentul. Si chiar si activitatile neplacute, ca adunatul boabelor de fasole cu mana, pot fi facute automat acum. Toate acestea reprezinta o imbunatatire reala si mareata, asa cum vom vedea. Bineinteles ca, in special in ultima decada, am reusit sa invaluim lumea intr-o retea densa de supermarketuri, intr-o retea a comertului mondial. Si asta inseamna ca acum putem manca produse de peste tot din lume. Aceasta e realitatea vietii noastre moderne. Acum puteti alege aceasta paine. Scuzati felul cum imi arata mainile, dar asta este.
But actually the real relevant bread, historically, is this white Wonder loaf. And don't despise the white bread because it really, I think, symbolizes the fact that bread and food have become plentiful and affordable to all. And that is a feat that we are not really conscious of that much. But it has changed the world. This tiny bread that is tasteless in some ways and has a lot of problems has changed the world. So what is happening? Well the best way to look at that is to do a tiny bit of simplistic statistics. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution with modernization of agriculture in the last few decades, since the 1960s, food availability, per head, in this world, has increased by 25 percent. And the world population in the meantime has doubled. That means that we have now more food available than ever before in human history. And that is the result, directly, of being so successful at increasing the scale and volume of our production. And this is true, as you can see, for all countries, including the so-called developing countries.
Dar de fapt adevarata paine, istoric vorbind, este painea alba "Minune". Si nu respingeti painea alba pentru ca, zic eu, simbolizeaza faptul ca painea si mancarea au devenit abundente si accesibile tuturor. Si acesta e un fapt de care nu suntem constienti asa de mult. Dar asta a schimbat lumea. Aceasta painica fara gust in anumite privinte si care are o multime de probleme a schimbat lumea. Deci ce se intampla? Cel mai bun mod de a vedea ce se intampla e de a crea niste statistici simple. Odată cu apariţia revoluţiei industriale, cu modernizarea agriculturii in ultimele decade, incepand cu anii '60, disponibilitatea produselor alimentare, pe cap de locuitor, în lume, a crescut cu 25 la sută. Si in acest timp, populatia lumii s-a dublat. Aceasta inseamna ca acum avem mai multe produse alimentare disponibile decat in orice alta perioada din istoria omenirii. Acesta este in mod direct rezultatul succesului cresterii in amploare şi volum a producţiei. Si acest lucru este adevarat, dupa cum vedeti, pentru toate tarile, inclusiv asa-numitele tari in curs de dezvoltare.
What happened to our bread in the meantime? As food became plentiful here, it also meant that we were able to decrease the number of people working in agriculture to something like, on average, in the high income countries, five percent or less of the population. In the U.S. only one percent of the people are actually farmers. And it frees us all up to do other things -- to sit at TED meetings and not to worry about our food. That is, historically, a really unique situation. Never before has the responsibility to feed the world been in the hands of so few people. And never before have so many people been oblivious of that fact.
Ce s-a intamplat cu painea noastra in acest timp? Cum alimentele au devenit abundente, inseamna ca putem scadea numarul oamenilor care lucreaza in agricultura la ceva ca, daca privim tarile cu venituri ridicate, 5% sau mai putin, din populatie. In Statele Unite numai un procent din populatie sunt fermieri. Asta ne da mai mult timp pentru a face altceva -- sa participam la intalnirile TED şi sa nu ne facem griji cu privire la alimente. Istoric vorbind, aceasta este o situatie unica. Niciodata pana acum responsabilitatea de a hrani lumea nu a mai fost in mainile atator de putini oameni. Si niciodata pana acum atat de multi oameni nu au stiut acest lucru.
So as food became more plentiful, bread became cheaper. And as it became cheaper, bread manufacturers decided to add in all kinds of things. We added in more sugar. We add in raisins and oil and milk and all kinds of things to make bread, from a simple food into kind of a support for calories. And today, bread now is associated with obesity, which is very strange. It is the basic, most fundamental food that we've had in the last ten thousand years. Wheat is the most important crop -- the first crop we domesticated and the most important crop we still grow today.
Deci, pe masura ce alimentele au devenit mai abundente, painea a devenit mai ieftina. Devenind mai ieftina, producatorii de paine au decis sa adauge diferite ingrediente. Au adaugat mai mult zahar. Au adaugat stafide si ulei si lapte si alte ingrediente care transforma painea, de la un aliment simplu intr-un suport pentru calorii. Si asa, azi painea este asociata cu obezitatea, ceea ce este foarte ciudat. Este alimentul cel mai simplu si de baza pe care l-am consumat in ultimii zece mii de ani. Graul este cea mai importanta cultura -- prima cultura domesticita si inca cea mai importanta cultura de astazi.
But this is now this strange concoction of high calories. And that's not only true in this country, it is true all over the world. Bread has migrated to tropical countries, where the middle classes now eat French rolls and hamburgers and where the commuters find bread much more handy to use than rice or cassava. So bread has become from a main staple, a source of calories associated with obesity and also a source of modernity, of modern life. And the whiter the bread, in many countries, the better it is.
Dar acum a aparut acest legatura ciudata cu caloriile sporite. Si acest lucru nu se aplica numai in aceasta tara, ci peste tot in lume. Painea a migrat in tarile tropicale unde clasa de mijloc mananca acum franzele si hamburgheri si unde navetistii considera painea mult mai la indemana decat orezul sau casava. Deci painea a devenit de la un aliment de baza, o sursa de calorii asociata cu obezitatea si in acelasi timp o sursa a vietii moderne. Si cu cat o paine este mai alba, cu atat este considerata mai buna, in multe tari.
So this is the story of bread as we know it now. But of course the price of mass production has been that we moved large-scale. And large-scale has meant destruction of many of our landscapes, destruction of biodiversity -- still a lonely emu here in the Brazilian cerrado soybean fields. The costs have been tremendous -- water pollution, all the things you know about, destruction of our habitats.
Deci aceasta este povestea painii asa cum o stim noi acum. Dar bineinteles, pretul productiei in masa este ca am avansat la scara larga. Si productia la scara larga a condus la distrugerea multora din peisaje, distrugerea biodiversitatii -- inca un emu singuratic aici in campurile braziliene de soia cerrado. Costurile au fost extraordinare -- poluarea apei, toate lucrurile despre care ati auzit, distrugerea habitatelor noastre.
What we need to do is to go back to understanding what our food is about. And this is where I have to query all of you. How many of you can actually tell wheat apart from other cereals? How many of you actually can make a bread in this way, without starting with a bread machine or just some kind of packaged flavor? Can you actually bake bread? Do you know how much a loaf of bread actually costs? We have become very removed from what our bread really is, which, again, evolutionarily speaking, is very strange. In fact not many of you know that our bread, of course, was not a European invention. It was invented by farmers in Iraq and Syria in particular. The tiny spike on the left to the center is actually the forefather of wheat. This is where it all comes from, and where these farmers who actually, ten thousand years ago, put us on the road of bread.
Ceea ce trebuie să facem este să ne întoarcem la a înţelege ce este hrana. Si despre acest lucru trebuie sa va pun cateva intrebari. Cati dintre voi pot sa faca diferenta intre grau si alte cereale? Cati dintre voi pot sa faca paine in felul asta, fara a incepe cu masina de paine sau cu ceva pre-ambalat? Puteti sa coaceti paine? Stiti cat costa exact o paine? Ne-am indepartat mult de ceea ce este painea cu adevarat, ceea ce, spun din nou, din punct de vedere al evolutiei, este foarte ciudat. De fapt, multi dintre voi nu stiu ca painea nu a fost o inventie europeana. A fost inventata de fermieri in Iraq si Siria in special. Tepusa mica din stanga spre centru este de fapt stramosul graului. De aici provine totul. Si acesti fermieri care acum zece mii de ani ne-au deschis drumul painii.
Now it is not surprising that with this massification and large-scale production, there is a counter-movement that emerged -- very much also here in California. The counter-movement says, "Let's go back to this. Let's go back to traditional farming. Let's go back to small-scale, to farmers' markets, small bakeries and all that." Wonderful. Don't we all agree? I certainly agree. I would love to go back to Tuscany to this kind of traditional setting, gastronomy, good food. But this is a fallacy. And the fallacy comes from idealizing a past that we have forgotten about.
Nu este surprinzator ca aceasta masificare şi producţie pe scară largă, a declansat o miscare in sens opus -- de foarte mare amploare chiar si aici in California. Aceasta miscare in sens opus spune: "Sa ne intoarcem la asta. Sa ne intoarcem la agricultura traditionala. Sa ne intoarcem la scara mica, la pietele fermierilor, la brutarii mici si toate acestea. Minunat. Nu suntem cu totii de acord? Eu sunt cu siguranta de acord. Mi-ar face mare placere sa ma intorc la Toscana la acest tip de decor tradiţional, gastronomie, mancare buna. Dar asta este o aberatie. Şi eroarea provine de la idealizarea unui trecut despre care am uitat.
If we do this, if we want to stay with traditional small-scale farming we are going, actually, to relegate these poor farmers and their husbands -- among whom I have lived for many years, working without electricity and water, to try to improve their food production -- we relegate them to poverty. What they want are implements to increase their production: something to fertilize the soil, something to protect their crop and to bring it to a market. We cannot just think that small-scale is the solution to the world food problem. It's a luxury solution for us who can afford it, if you want to afford it. In fact we do not want this poor woman to work the land like this. If we say just small-scale production, as is the tendency here, to go back to local food means that a poor man like Hans Rosling cannot even eat oranges anymore because in Scandinavia we don't have oranges. So local food production is out. But also we do not want to relegate to poverty in the rural areas. And we do not want to relegate the urban poor to starvation. So we must find other solutions.
Daca facem asta, daca vrem sa ramanem cu agricultura traditionala la scara mica, vom retrograda, de fapt, aceste biete agricultoare si sotii lor, printre care am trait multi ani, lucrand fara electricitate si apa, incercand sa le imbunatatesc productia de alimente. Acest lucru ar insemna sa-i retrogradam la saracie. Ce vor ei sunt masuri care sa le creasca productia -- ceva care sa fertilizeze solul, ceva care sa le protejeze cultura si sa le aduca recolta pe piata. Nu ne putem imagina ca productia la scara mica este solutia la problema alimentara mondiala. Este o solutie de lux pentru noi cei care ne-o permitem, daca vrem sa ne-o permitem. De fapt nu vrem ca aceasta biata femeie sa lucreze pamantul in acest fel. Daca reducem productia la scara mica, asa cum este tendinta, a ne intoarcem la productia pe scara locala inseamna ca un biet om ca Hans Rosling nu va mai putea manca portocale pentru ca in Scandinavia nu sunt portocale. Deci, producţia locală de alimente este exclusa. Si de asemenea nu vrem sa retrogradam la saracie zonele rurale. Si nu vrem sa retrogradam zonele urbane la infometare. Deci trebuie sa gasim alte solutii.
One of our problems is that world food production needs to increase very rapidly -- doubling by about 2030. The main driver of that is actually meat. And meat consumption in Southeast Asia and China in particular is what drives the prices of cereals. That need for animal protein is going to continue. We can discuss alternatives in another talk, perhaps one day, but this is our driving force. So what can we do? Can we find a solution to produce more? Yes. But we need mechanization. And I'm making a real plea here. I feel so strongly that you cannot ask a small farmer to work the land and bend over to grow a hectare of rice, 150,000 times, just to plant a crop and weed it. You cannot ask people to work under these conditions. We need clever low-key mechanization that avoids the problems of the large-scale mechanization that we've had.
Una dintre problemele noastre e ca productia mondiala de alimente trebuie sa cresca rapid -- sa se dubleze pana in 2030. Principalul actor al acestui proces este carnea. Si consumul de carne in Asia de sud-est si China in special este ceea ce influenteaza preturile cerealelor. Nevoia pentru proteine animale va continua. Ne putem uita la alternative intr-o alta discutie, poate alta data. Dar aceasta este forta noastra motoare. Deci ce putem noi sa facem? Putem gasi o solutie de a produce mai mult? Da. Dar ne trebuie mecanizare. Iar eu fac o adevarata pledoarie aici. Si cred cu tarie ca nu-i putem cere unui mic agricultor sa lucreze pamantul si sa se aplece pentru a creste un hectar de orez, de 150 de mii de ori, numai pentru a planta o cultura si a rari buruienile. Nu poti cere oamenilor sa lucreze in aceste conditii. Avem nevoie de o mecanizare simpla dar inteligenta care sa evite problemele de mecanizare pe scara larga pe care le-am avut.
So what can we do? We must feed three billion people in cities. We will not do that through small farmers' markets because these people have no small farmers' markets at their disposal. They have low incomes. And they benefit from cheap, affordable, safe and diverse food. That's what we must aim for in the next 20 to 30 years.
Deci ce putem face? Trebuie sa hranim 3 miliarde de oameni care traiesc in orase. Nu vom face asta prin intermediul pietelor micilor fermieri pentru ca acesti oameni nu au mici piete de fermieri la dispozitie. Ei au venituri mici. Şi beneficiază de pe urma produselor alimentare ieftine, accesibile, sigure şi diverse. Acesta trebuie sa fie obiectivul nostru in urmatorii 20-30 de ani.
But yes there are some solutions. And let me just do one simple conceptual thing: if I plot science as a proxy for control of the production process and scale. What you see is that we've started in the left-hand corner with traditional agriculture, which was sort of small-scale and low-control. We've moved towards large-scale and very high control. What I want us to do is to keep up the science and even get more science in there but go to a kind of regional scale -- not just in terms of the scale of the fields, but in terms of the entire food network. That's where we should move. And the ultimate may be, but it doesn't apply to cereals, that we have entirely closed ecosystems -- the horticultural systems right at the top left-hand corner. So we need to think differently about agriculture science. Agriculture science for most people -- and there are not many farmers among you here -- has this name of being bad, of being about pollution, about large-scale, about the destruction of the environment. That is not necessary. We need more science and not less. And we need good science.
Dar exista solutii. Si permiteti-mi sa explic un concept simplu: daca folosesc stiinta ca un reprezentant al controlului procesului si nivelului de productie. Ce vedeti este ca am inceput cu agricultura traditionala, care se desfasura la scara mica si cu control redus. Apoi am evoluat la scara larga si la control sporit. Ce vreau să facem e sa tinem pasul cu stiinta si sa implicam chiar mai multa stiinta in acest proces dar sa lucram la scara regionala -- nu numai in ceea ce priveste amploarea domeniilor, dar in ceea ce priveste intreaga retea de alimentare. Asta e directia in care trebuie sa ne indreptam. Si esentialul poate fi, dar nu se aplica pentru cereale, ca avem ecosisteme total inchise -- sistemele horticole in coltul din stanga sus. Deci, trebuie sa gandim diferit la stiinta agricola. Stiinta agricola pentru majoritatea oamenilor, si nu sunt multi fermieri printre voi aici, are un nume rau, ceva asociat cu poluarea, cu productia la scara larga, cu distrugerea mediului. Ceva care nu e necesar. Avem nevoie de mai multa stiinta, nu de mai putina. Si avem nevoie de stiinta buna.
So what kind of science can we have? Well first of all I think we can do much better on the existing technologies. Use biotechnology where useful, particularly in pest and disease resistance. There are also robots, for example, who can recognize weeds with a resolution of half an inch. We have much cleverer irrigation. We do not need to spill the water if we don't want to. And we need to think very dispassionately about the comparative advantages of small-scale and large-scale. We need to think that land is multi-functional. It has different functions. There are different ways in which we must use it -- for residential, for nature, for agriculture purposes. And we also need to re-examine livestock. Go regional and go to urban food systems. I want to see fish ponds in parking lots and basements. I want to have horticulture and greenhouses on top of residential areas. And I want to use the energy that comes from those greenhouses and from the fermentation of crops to heat our residential areas. There are all kinds of ways we can do it. We cannot solve the world food problem by using biological agriculture. But we can do a lot more.
Deci, ce fel de stiinta putem folosi? In primul rand cred ca putem sa folosim mai bine tehnologia existenta. Trebuie sa folosim biodiversitatea unde este utila, in special in rezistenta daunatorilor si a bolilor. Exista roboti, de exemplu, care pot sa recunoasca buruieni cu o rezolutie de jumatate de inch. Avem sisteme de irigatii mult mai inteligente. Nu trebuie sa risipim apa daca nu este nevoie. Si trebuie sa ne gandim fara patima la avantajele comparative ale productie la scara mica si la scara larga. Trebuie sa ne gandim ca pamantul este multifunctional. Are functii diferite. Exista moduri diferite de a-l folosi -- in scopuri rezidentiale, naturale, agriculturale. Trebuie sa reexaminam si animalele. Trebuie sa alegem sistemele alimentare regionale si urbane. Vreau sa vad iazuri de peste in loturi de parcare si subsoluri. Vreau sa avem horticultura si sere pe acoperisul zonelor rezidentiale. Si vreau sa utilizam energia produsa de sere si din fermentarea culturilor pentru incalzirea spatiilor rezidentiale. Sunt multe moduri in care putem sa facem acest lucru. Nu putem sa rezolvam problema alimentatiei mondiale folosind agricultura biologica. Dar putem sa facem mai mult.
And the main thing that I would really ask all of you as you go back to your countries, or as you stay here: ask your government for an integrated food policy. Food is as important as energy, as security, as the environment. Everything is linked together. So we can do that. In fact in a densely populated country like the River Delta, where I live in the Netherlands, we have combined these functions. So this is not science fiction. We can combine things even in a social sense of making the rural areas more accessible to people -- to house, for example, the chronically sick. There is all kinds of things we can do.
Si cel mai important lucru pe care as vrea sa va rog fie ca va intoarceti in tarile de origine, sau ca ramaneti aici, este sa cereti guverrnului vostru o politica alimentara integrata. Alimentele sunt la fel de importante ca energia, ca siguranta, ca mediul. Totul este conectat. Deci, putem face asta. De fapt, intr-o tara dens populata ca River Delta, unde locuiesc in Olanda, am combinat aceste functii. Deci, asta nu este fictiune. Putem combina lucrurile chiar si intr-un sens social de a face zonele rurale mai accesibile pentru oameni -- pentru a acomoda, de exemplu, bolnavii cronici. Sunt o multime de lucruri pe care le putem face.
But there is something you must do. It's not enough for me to say, "Let's get more bold science into agriculture." You must go back and think about your own food chain. Talk to farmers. When was the last time you went to a farm and talked to a farmer? Talk to people in restaurants. Understand where you are in the food chain, where your food comes from. Understand that you are part of this enormous chain of events. And that frees you up to do other things. And above all, to me, food is about respect. It's about understanding, when you eat, that there are also many people who are still in this situation, who are still struggling for their daily food. And the kind of simplistic solutions that we sometimes have, to think that doing everything by hand is going to be the solution, is really not morally justified. We need to help to lift them out of poverty. We need to make them proud of being a farmer because they allow us to survive. Never before, as I said, has the responsibility for food been in the hands of so few. And never before have we had the luxury of taking it for granted because it is now so cheap.
Dar este ceva ce trebuie sa facem. Nu este suficient daca spun "Haideti sa introducem mai multa stiinta avangardista in agricultura." Trebuie sa va intoarceti si sa va ganditi la lantul vostru alimentar. Vorbiti cu fermierii. Cand a fost ultima data cand v-ati dus la o ferma si ati vorbit cu un fermier? Vorbiti cu oamenii din restaurante. Intelegeti unde va aflati in lantul alimentar, de unde vin alimentele voastre. Intelegeti ca sunteti parte a acestui enorm lant de evenimente. Si asta va elibereaza sa faceti alte lucruri. Si mai mult decat orice, pentru mine, alimentele inseamna respect. Inseamna a intelege cand mancam ca sunt multi oameni care sunt inca in aceasta situatie, care inca se mai lupta pentru a procura hrana de zi cu zi. Si acest tip de solutii simple pe care le avem uneori, cum este ca a face totul manual reprezinta solutia, nu se justifica din punct de vedere moral. Trebuie sa-i ajutam sa iasa din saracie. Trebuie sa-i facem sa se simta mandri ca sunt fermieri pentru ca ei sunt cei care ne asigura supravietuirea. Niciodata pana acum, asa cum am spus, responsabilitatea pentru producerea hranei nu a fost in mainile atator de putini oameni. Si niciodata pana acum nu am avut luxul de a crede ca ni se cuvine pentru ca acum este atat de ieftina.
And I think there is nobody else who has expressed better, to me, the idea that food, in the end, in our own tradition, is something holy. It's not about nutrients and calories. It's about sharing. It's about honesty. It's about identity. Who said this so beautifully was Mahatma Gandhi, 75 years ago, when he spoke about bread. He did not speak about rice, in India. He said, "To those who have to go without two meals a day, God can only appear as bread."
Si cred ca nu este nimeni altcineva care si-a exprimat mai bine ideea ca hrana este la urma urmelor propria noastra traditie, ca este ceva sfant. Nu e vorba despre nutrienti si calorii. E vorba despre impartasire. E vorba despre onestitate. E vorba despre identitate. Cel care a spus acest lucru atat de frumos a fost Mahatma Gandhi, acum 75 de ani, cand a vorbit despre paine. Nu a vorbit despre orez. In India a spus "Pentru cei care nu pot manca doua mese pe zi, Dumnezeu poate aparea doar ca paine."
And so as I'm finishing my bread here -- and I've been baking it, and I'll try not to burn my hands. Let me share with those of you here in the first row. Let me share some of the food with you. Take some of my bread. And as you eat it, and as you try it -- please come and stand up. Have some of it. I want you to think that every bite connects you to the past and the future: to these anonymous farmers, that first bred the first wheat varieties; and to the farmers of today, who've been making this. And you don't even know who they are. Every meal you eat contains ingredients from all across the world. Everything makes us so privileged, that we can eat this food, that we don't struggle every day. And that, I think, evolutionarily-speaking is unique. We've never had that before. So enjoy your bread. Eat it, and feel privileged. Thank you very much. (Applause)
Si asa sunt pe cale sa-mi termin de facut painea -- si a trebuit sa o coc. Si voi incerca sa nu-mi ard mainile. Haide sa o impart cu cei care sunt in primul rand aici. Lasati-ma sa impart niste mancare voi. Luati un pic din painea mea. Si in timp ce o mancati si o incercati -- va rog veniti si sa va ridicati. Luati putin din ea. Vreau sa va ganditi ca fiecare inghititura va conecteaza cu trecutul si cu viitorul, cu acei fermieri anonimi, care au facut paine pentru prima data din primele soiuri de grau, si cu fermierii de azi, care fac acest tip de paine. Si nici macar nu stiti cine sunt. Fiecare masa pe care o mancati contine ingrediente de peste tot din lume. Suntem atat de privilegiati ca putem manca aceste alimente si ca nu ne chinuim in fiecare zi. Si cred ca acest lucru este unic, evolutiv vorbind. Niciodata nu s-a mai intamplat asa ceva. Bucurati-va deci de paine. Mancati-o si simtiti-va privilegiati. Multumesc foarte mult. (Aplauze)