My research lab sits about a mile from where several bombs exploded during the Boston Marathon in 2013. The surviving bomber, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev of Chechnya, was tried, convicted and sentenced to death.
Moj raziskovalni laboratorij je kako miljo stran od kraja, kjer so eksplodirale bombe med bostonskim maratonom leta 2013. Preživelemu napadalcu, Dzokharju Tsarnaevu iz Čečenije so sodili, ga spoznali za krivega in ga obsodili na smrt.
Now, when a jury has to make the decision between life in prison and the death penalty, they base their decision largely on whether or not the defendant feels remorseful for his actions. Tsarnaev spoke words of apology, but when jurors looked at his face, all they saw was a stone-faced stare. Now, Tsarnaev is guilty, there's no doubt about that. He murdered and maimed innocent people, and I'm not here to debate that. My heart goes out to all the people who suffered. But as a scientist, I have to tell you that jurors do not and cannot detect remorse or any other emotion in anybody ever. Neither can I, and neither can you, and that's because emotions are not what we think they are. They are not universally expressed and recognized. They are not hardwired brain reactions that are uncontrollable. We have misunderstood the nature of emotion for a very long time, and understanding what emotions really are has important consequences for all of us.
Ko se porota odloča med življenjem v zaporu in smrtno kaznijo se v velikem delu naslanja na vprašanje ali obtoženi svoja dejanja obžaluje ali ne. Tsarnaev se je za svoja dejanja opravičil, toda, ko so ga porotniki gledali, so videli popolnoma brezizrazen obraz. Tsarnaev je kriv, o tem ni nobenega dvoma. Umoril in poškodoval je nedolžne ljudi in ne želim temu oporekati. Čutim veliko sočutja do njegovih žrtev. Toda kot znanstvenica vam moram povedati, da porotniki ne morejo zaznati obžalovanja ali katerega koli drugega čustva pri komerkoli. Tega ne zmorem niti jaz niti vi. To pa zato, ker čustva niso kar mislimo da so. Niso vedno enako izražena in prepoznana. Niso neke vnaprej določene reakcije možganov, ki jih ni moč kontrolirati. Naravo čustev napačno razumemo že zelo dolgo časa. Razumeti, kaj čustva v resnici so ima zelo pomembne posledice za vse nas.
I have studied emotions as a scientist for the past 25 years, and in my lab, we have probed human faces by measuring electrical signals that cause your facial muscles to contract to make facial expressions. We have scrutinized the human body in emotion. We have analyzed hundreds of physiology studies involving thousands of test subjects. We've scanned hundreds of brains, and examined every brain imaging study on emotion that has been published in the past 20 years. And the results of all of this research are overwhelmingly consistent. It may feel to you like your emotions are hardwired and they just trigger and happen to you, but they don't. You might believe that your brain is prewired with emotion circuits, that you're born with emotion circuits, but you're not. In fact, none of us in this room have emotion circuits in our brain. In fact, no brain on this planet contains emotion circuits.
Čustva proučujem kot znanstvenica že 25 let. V mojem laboratoriju merimo električne signale na človeških obrazih, ki povzročajo krčenje obraznih mišic in tako ustvarjajo izraze na obrazih. Analiziramo človeško telo v različnih čustvenih stanjih. Pregledujemo stotine fizioloških študij, ki zajemajo tisoče poskusov. Skeniramo stotine možganov, pregledujemo vse študije o spremembah v možganih pri čustvih, izdane v zadnjih dvajsetih letih. Rezultati vsega tega raziskovalnega dela so neverjetno konsistentni. Morda se vam zdi, da so vaša čustva avtomatična in nespremenljiva, da se kar sprožijo in se vam zgodijo, pa to ni res. Morda verjamete, da so vaši možgani vnaprej programirani s čustvenimi odzivi, da ste že rojeni s čustvenimi kalupi, ampak niste. Nihče od nas nima vnaprej določenih čustvenih povezav v možganih. Še več, nobeni možgani na tem planetu nimajo takih čustvenih povezav.
So what are emotions, really? Well, strap on your seat belt, because ... emotions are guesses. They are guesses that your brain constructs in the moment where billions of brain cells are working together, and you have more control over those guesses than you might imagine that you do.
Kaj torej so čustva? No, pripnite si varnostne pasove, ker... čustva so ugibanja. So ugibanja, ki jih vaši možgani ustvarijo v trenutku, ko sodeluje bilijon možganskih celic in nad tem ugibanjem imate več kontrole kot si morda predstavljate.
Now, if that sounds preposterous to you, or, you know, kind of crazy, I'm right there with you, because frankly, if I hadn't seen the evidence for myself, decades of evidence for myself, I am fairly sure that I wouldn't believe it either. But the bottom line is that emotions are not built into your brain at birth. They are just built.
Če vam to zveni neumno, mogoče celo noro, tudi meni bi se tako zdelo, če ne bi sama videla dokazov, in to desetletja dokazov. Kar prepričana sem, da tudi sama ne bi verjela. Toda ključno je, da čustva niso vgrajena v naše možgane ob rojstvu. So samo zgrajena.
To see what I mean, have a look at this. Right now, your brain is working like crazy. Your neurons are firing like mad trying to make meaning out of this so that you see something other than black and white blobs. Your brain is sifting through a lifetime of experience, making thousands of guesses at the same time, weighing the probabilities, trying to answer the question, "What is this most like?" not "What is it?" but "What is this most like in my past experience?" And this is all happening in the blink of an eye. Now if your brain is still struggling to find a good match and you still see black and white blobs, then you are in a state called "experiential blindness," and I am going to cure you of your blindness. This is my favorite part. Are you ready to be cured?
Da boste razumeli, poglejmo tole. Zdajle vaši možgani delajo kot nori. Vaši nevroni se podijo naokoli, ko skušajo najti pomen te slike, da bi videli kaj drugega kot bele in črne lise. Vaši možgani filtrirajo vse življenjske izkušnje, ponujajo na tisoče ugibanj naenkrat, tehtajo možnosti, skušajo odgovoriti na vprašanje, "Čemu je to najbolj podobno?" ne "Kaj je to?" pač pa "Čemu od mojih preteklih izkušenj je to najbolj podobno?" In vse to se dogaja z blazno hitrostjo. Če se vaši možgani še vedno trudijo najti pametno razlago pa še vedno vidite le črne in bele lise, ste v stanju, ki mu pravimo "izkustvena slepota." Ozdravila vas bom vaše slepote. To je moj najljubši del. Ste pripravljeni?
(Cheers)
(Navijanje)
All right. Here we go.
No, dobro. Takole.
(Gasps)
(Začudenje)
All right. So now many of you see a snake, and why is that? Because as your brain is sifting through your past experience, there's new knowledge there, the knowledge that came from the photograph. And what's really cool is that that knowledge which you just acquired moments ago is changing how you experience these blobs right now. So your brain is constructing the image of a snake where there is no snake, and this kind of a hallucination is what neuroscientists like me call "predictions." Predictions are basically the way your brain works. It's business as usual for your brain. Predictions are the basis of every experience that you have. They are the basis of every action that you take. In fact, predictions are what allow you to understand the words that I'm speaking as they come out of my --
Dobro. Zdaj vas veliko vidi kačo. Zakaj je tako? Ker, medtem ko so vaši možgani iskali skozi vaše pretekle izkušnje je tu novo znanje, znanje, ki je prišlo iz fotografije. In kar je res zanimivo je to, da je znanje, ki ste ga pravkar osvojili, spremenilo vaše doživljanje teh lis. Vaši možgani sestavljajo sliko kače, pa čeprav ni kače in takim prividom rečemo nevroznanstveniki "predvidevanja." Predvidevanja so način, na katerega delujejo možgani. Za vaše možgane je to povsem običajno. Predvidevanja so osnova vseh vaših izkušenj. So osnova vsakega vašega dejanja. Predvidevanja vam omogočajo da razumete besede, ki jih govorim, ko prihajajo iz mojih --
Audience: Mouth. Lisa Feldman Barrett: Mouth. Exactly.
Občinstvo: Ust. Lisa Feldman Barrett: Ust. Tako je.
Predictions are primal. They help us to make sense of the world in a quick and efficient way. So your brain does not react to the world. Using past experience, your brain predicts and constructs your experience of the world.
Predvidevanja so prvinska. Pomagajo nam razumeti svet na hiter in učinkovit način. Vaši možgani torej ne reagirajo na svet. Na podlagi preteklih izkušenj, vaši možgani predvidevajo in gradijo vaše izkustvo sveta.
The way that we see emotions in others are deeply rooted in predictions. So to us, it feels like we just look at someone's face, and we just read the emotion that's there in their facial expressions the way that we would read words on a page. But actually, under the hood, your brain is predicting. It's using past experience based on similar situations to try to make meaning. This time, you're not making meaning of blobs, you're making meaning of facial movements like the curl of a lip or the raise of an eyebrow. And that stone-faced stare? That might be someone who is a remorseless killer, but a stone-faced stare might also mean that someone is stoically accepting defeat, which is in fact what Chechen culture prescribes for someone in Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's situation.
Zaznava čustev pri drugih prav tako temelji na predvidevanjih. Zdi se nam, da le pogledamo nekoga in preberemo čustvo, ki ga izraža njegov obraz, kot bi brali besede na papirju. Toda, v resnici vaši možgani predvidevajo. Uporabljajo pretekle izkušnje iz podobnih situacij in skušajo najti pomen. Tokrat ne skušate najti pomena lis, ampak pomen premikov na obrazu, kot je na primer ukrivljena ustnica ali privzdignjena obrv. Kaj pa tisti brezizrazni obraz? To bi lahko bil morilec brez obžalovanja, a brezizrazni pogled lahko tudi pomeni, da nekdo stoično sprejema poraz, kar, pravzaprav, čečenska kultura predpisuje nekomu v situaciji Dzhokharja Tsarnaeva.
So the lesson here is that emotions that you seem to detect in other people actually come in part from what's inside your own head. And this is true in the courtroom, but it's also true in the classroom, in the bedroom, and in the boardroom.
Nauk tu je, da čustva, za katere se zdi, da jih zaznavate pri drugih ljudeh, pravzaprav prihajajo delno iz vsebine vaših lastnih glav. To velja tako na sodiščih, kot tudi v učilnicah, v spalnicah in v sejnih sobah.
And so here's my concern: tech companies which shall remain nameless ... well, maybe not. You know, Google, Facebook --
Skrbi me: tehnološka podjetja, ki jih ne bom imenovala... no, ali pa. Saj veste: Google, Facebook --
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
are spending millions of research dollars to build emotion-detection systems, and they are fundamentally asking the wrong question, because they're trying to detect emotions in the face and the body, but emotions aren't in your face and body. Physical movements have no intrinsic emotional meaning. We have to make them meaningful. A human or something else has to connect them to the context, and that makes them meaningful. That's how we know that a smile might mean sadness and a cry might mean happiness, and a stoic, still face might mean that you are angrily plotting the demise of your enemy. Now, if I haven't already gone out on a limb, I'll just edge out on that limb a little further and tell you that the way that you experience your own emotion is exactly the same process. Your brain is basically making predictions, guesses, that it's constructing in the moment with billions of neurons working together.
porabljajo milijone dolarjev za izgradnjo sistema, ki bi zaznaval čustva in pri tem se sprašujejo povsem napačno vprašanje, saj skušajo zaznavati čustva na obrazu in telesu, vendar čustev na obrazu ali telesu ni. Fizični gibi nimajo lastnega čustvenega pomena. Sami jim moramo dati pomen. Človek ali karkoli drugega jih mora povezati s kontekstom, potem šele dobijo pomen. Tako vemo, da nasmeh lahko pomeni žalost in jok lahko pomeni srečo in stoičen, miren obraz mogoče pomeni, da jezno načrtujete propad svojega sovražnika. Najbrž tem predpostavkam ni lahko kar tako verjeti, pa bom šla še malce dlje in vam povedala, da je način, kako doživljamo lastna čustva povsem enak proces. Vaši možgani v osnovi predvidevajo in ugibajo. Vse to počnejo v enem samem trenutku, v katerem sodelujejo bilijoni nevronov.
Now your brain does come prewired to make some feelings, simple feelings that come from the physiology of your body. So when you're born, you can make feelings like calmness and agitation, excitement, comfort, discomfort. But these simple feelings are not emotions. They're actually with you every waking moment of your life. They are simple summaries of what's going on inside your body, kind of like a barometer. But they have very little detail, and you need that detail to know what to do next. What do you about these feelings? And so how does your brain give you that detail? Well, that's what predictions are. Predictions link the sensations in your body that give you these simple feelings with what's going on around you in the world so that you know what to do. And sometimes, those constructions are emotions.
Vaši možgani sicer imajo predispozicije za nekatera občutja, preprosta občutja, ki izhajajo iz fiziologije telesa. Že ko se rodimo, imamo lahko občutja, kot so umirjenost ali vznemirjenost, navdušenje, ugodje, nelagodje. Toda ta preprosta občutja niso čustva. Ta občutja so z nami v vsakem budnem trenutku življenja. So preprosti povzetki tega, kar se dogaja v naših telesih, podobno kot barometer. Vsebujejo pa zelo malo podrobnosti. Podrobnosti pa potrebujemo, da bi vedeli, kaj storiti. Kaj naj storimo s temi občutji? In kako nam možgani priskrbijo te podrobnosti? No, to pa so predvidevanja. Predvidevanja povežejo zaznave iz telesa, ki nam dajo ta preprosta občutja s tem, kar se dogaja v svetu okoli nas, tako da vemo, kaj narediti. Včasih so to, kar nam ponudijo možgani, čustva.
So for example, if you were to walk into a bakery, your brain might predict that you will encounter the delicious aroma of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies. I know my brain would predict the delicious aroma of freshly baked chocolate cookies. And our brains might cause our stomachs to churn a little bit, to prepare for eating those cookies. And if we are correct, if in fact some cookies have just come out of the oven, then our brains will have constructed hunger, and we are prepared to munch down those cookies and digest them in a very efficient way, meaning that we can eat a lot of them, which would be a really good thing.
Na primer, če se nameniš v pekarno, tvoji možgani lahko predvidijo, da boš naletel na krasen vonj sveže pečenih čokoladnih piškotov. Moji možgani bi predvidevali krasen vonj sveže pečenih čokoladnih piškotov. Možgani lahko povzročijo, da nas malce zvije v trebuhu, da se pripravimo na pojedino teh piškotov. Če smo imeli prav in nas zares pričaka vonj sveže pečenih piškotov, bodo naši možgani ustvarili lakoto. Pa smo pripravljeni pozobati in prebaviti piškote na zelo učinkovit način, kar pomeni, da jih lahko pojemo mnogo, kar bi bilo res super.
You guys are not laughing enough. I'm totally serious.
Ne smejete se dovolj. Sem popolnoma resna.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But here's the thing. That churning stomach, if it occurs in a different situation, it can have a completely different meaning. So if your brain were to predict a churning stomach in, say, a hospital room while you're waiting for test results, then your brain will be constructing dread or worry or anxiety, and it might cause you to, maybe, wring your hands or take a deep breath or even cry. Right? Same physical sensation, same churning stomach, different experience.
Toda, takole je. Enako zvijanje po trebuhu, če bi se pojavilo v drugi situaciji, bi lahko pomenilo nekaj povsem drugega. Če bi vaši možgani predvidevali na osnovi zvijanja v trebuhu na primer v bolnišnici, ko čakate na rezultate testa, bodo vaši možgani ustvarili grozo, zaskrbljenost ali strah in bodo povzročili, morda da si boste meli roke, ali da boste globoko vdihnili ali celo zajokali. Enaka fizična zaznava, zvijanje po trebuhu, različna izkušnja.
And so the lesson here is that emotions which seem to happen to you are actually made by you. You are not at the mercy of mythical emotion circuits which are buried deep inside some ancient part of your brain. You have more control over your emotions than you think you do. I don't mean that you can just snap your fingers and change how you feel the way that you would change your clothes, but your brain is wired so that if you change the ingredients that your brain uses to make emotion, then you can transform your emotional life. So if you change those ingredients today, you're basically teaching your brain how to predict differently tomorrow, and this is what I call being the architect of your experience.
Lekcija vsega tega je, da čustva, ki se zdi, da se nam zgodijo, pravzaprav ustvarimo sami. Nismo prepuščeni na milost in nemilost mitoloških čustvenih poti, ki so zakopane nekje v starem delu možganov. Nad svojimi čustvi imamo več kontrole kot si mislimo. Ne pravim, da lahko le zamahnemo z roko in spremenimo svoje počutje, kot lahko zamenjamo obleko, ampak, možgani delujejo tako, da če spremenimo sestavine, iz katerih možgani ustvarijo čustvo, lahko spremenimo svoje čustveno življenje. Če boste torej sestavine spremenili danes, boste pravzaprav učili svoje možgane, da bodo v bodoče drugače predvidevali in temu se reče biti arhitekt svojih izkušenj.
So here's an example. All of us have had a nervous feeling before a test, right? But some people experience crippling anxiety before a test. They have test anxiety. Based on past experiences of taking tests, their brains predict a hammering heartbeat, sweaty hands, so much so that they are unable to actually take the test. They don't perform well, and sometimes they not only fail courses but they actually might fail college. But here's the thing: a hammering heartbeat is not necessarily anxiety. It could be that your body is preparing to do battle and ace that test ... or, you know, give a talk in front of hundreds of people on a stage where you're being filmed.
Poglejmo primer. Vsi smo že imeli živčne občutke pred testom, kajne? Toda nekateri ljudje doživljajo pravo paralizo zaradi tesnobe pred testom. Imajo grozen strah. Na podlagi preteklih izkušenj pri testih, njihovi možgani predvidevajo razbijajoče srce, potne roke, do te mere, da se sploh niso sposobni udeležiti testa. Ne gre jim dobro, ne le, da ne opravijo kakšnega predmeta, lahko celo ne dokončajo šolanja. Toda, razbijajoče srce ne pomeni nujno strahu. Lahko pomeni, da se vaše telo pripravlja na boj in potem opravite test z odliko ali, na primer, imate govor pred stotinami ljudi, na odru, kjer te povrh vsega še snemajo.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
I'm serious.
Resno mislim.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
And research shows that when students learn to make this kind of energized determination instead of anxiety, they perform better on tests. And that determination seeds their brain to predict differently in the future so that they can get their butterflies flying in formation. And if they do that often enough, they not only can pass a test but it will be easier for them to pass their courses, and they might even finish college, which has a huge impact on their future earning potential. So I call this emotional intelligence in action.
Raziskave kažejo, da ko se študenti naučijo ustvariti to močno odločnost namesto strahu, jim gre bolje pri testih. Ta odločnost preusmerja njihove možgane, da bodo v prihodnje predvidevali drugače, da jim bodo njihovi živčni občutki lahko drugače služili. Če jim to uspe dovolj pogosto, ne le, da bodo zmogli opraviti test, pač pa jim bo tudi lažje opraviti predmete, morda celo dokončati študij, kar ima ogromne posledice na njihove bodoče možnosti zaslužka. Temu pravim čustvena inteligenca na delu.
Now you can cultivate this emotional intelligence yourself and use it in your everyday life. So just, you know, imagine waking up in the morning. I'm sure you've had this experience. I know I have. You wake up and as you're emerging into consciousness, you feel this horrible dread, you know, this real wretchedness, and immediately, your mind starts to race. You start to think about all the crap that you have to do at work and you have that mountain of email which you will never dig yourself out of ever, the phone calls you have to return, and that important meeting across town, and you're going to have to fight traffic, you'll be late picking your kids up, your dog is sick, and what are you going to make for dinner? Oh my God. What is wrong with your life? What is wrong with my life?
To čustveno inteligenco lahko negujete sami in jo uporabljate v vašem vsakdanu. Primer. Ravno se prebujate zjutraj. Prepričana sem, da ste to že doživeli. Jaz sem. Zbudite se in ko se pričnete zavedati se vas poloti groza. Saj veste, tista prava stiska. Vaše misli takoj začnejo hiteti. Spomnite se na vse stvari, ki jih morate opraviti v službi, na goro e-mailov, skozi katere se ne boste nikoli prebili, na vse klice, ki jih morate opraviti, na pomemben sestanek na koncu mesta, morali se boste prebijati skozi promet, otroke boste pobrali prepozno, pes je bolan in kaj boste skuhali za večerjo? O, bog. Kaj je narobe z vašim življenjem? Kaj je narobe z mojim življenjem?
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
That mind racing is prediction. Your brain is searching to find an explanation for those sensations in your body that you experience as wretchedness, just like you did with the blobby image. So your brain is trying to explain what caused those sensations so that you know what to do about them. But those sensations might not be an indication that anything is wrong with your life. They might have a purely physical cause. Maybe you're tired. Maybe you didn't sleep enough. Maybe you're hungry. Maybe you're dehydrated. The next time that you feel intense distress, ask yourself: Could this have a purely physical cause? Is it possible that you can transform emotional suffering into just mere physical discomfort?
Vse te misli so predvidevanja. Vaši možgani iščejo razlago za občutja v vašem telesu, ki jih zaznavamo kot stisko, podobo kot pri sliki z lisami. Vaši možgani skušajo najti razlago kaj je povzročilo ta občutja, da boste vedli, kaj ukreniti glede tega. Toda ta občutja niso nujno znak, da je nekaj narobe z vašim življenjem. Lahko imajo popolnoma fizičen vzrok. Mogoče ste utrujeni. Mogoče niste dovolj spali. Mogoče ste lačni. Mogoče ste dehidrirani. Naslednjič, ko boste občutili močno nelagodje, se vprašajte: Ima to lahko popolnoma fizičen vzrok? Bi bilo mogoče, da spremenite čustveno trpljenje v navadno fizično nelagodje?
Now I am not suggesting to you that you can just perform a couple of Jedi mind tricks and talk yourself out of being depressed or anxious or any kind of serious condition. But I am telling you that you have more control over your emotions than you might imagine, and that you have the capacity to turn down the dial on emotional suffering and its consequences for your life by learning how to construct your experiences differently. And all of us can do this and with a little practice, we can get really good at it, like driving. At first, it takes a lot of effort, but eventually it becomes pretty automatic.
Ne pravim vam, da se lahko z nekaj triki pretentamo in nismo več depresivni ali anksiozni ali se rešimo kakšne druge resne motnje. Ampak pravim, da imate več kontrole nad lastnimi čustvi kot si morda mislite in da lahko zmanjšate intenzivnost čustvenega trpljenja in njegovih posledic na vaše življenje, tako da se naučite drugače zgraditi svoje izkušnje. Vsi to zmoremo. Z nekaj vaje lahko postanemo celo zelo dobri v tem. Kot pri učenju vožnje. Sprva je težko, potem pa postane avtomatsko.
Now I don't know about you, but I find this to be a really empowering and inspiring message, and the fact that it's backed up by decades of research makes me also happy as a scientist. But I have to also warn you that it does come with some fine print, because more control also means more responsibility. If you are not at the mercy of mythical emotion circuits which are buried deep inside your brain somewhere and which trigger automatically, then who's responsible, who is responsible when you behave badly? You are. Not because you're culpable for your emotions, but because the actions and the experiences that you make today become your brain's predictions for tomorrow. Sometimes we are responsible for something not because we're to blame but because we're the only ones who can change it.
Za vas ne vem, toda zame je to zelo navdihujoče sporočilo, ki mi daje moč in dejstvo, da je podprto z desetletji raziskav me osrečuje tudi kot znanstvenico. Moram pa vas posvariti na drobni tisk. Več kontrole pomeni tudi več odgovornosti. Če nismo prepuščeni mitološkim čustvenim predispozicijam, ki so zakopane nekje globoko v naših možganih in se sprožijo avtomatsko, kdo je potem odgovoren, kdo je odgovoren za neprimerno vedenje? Vi sami. Ne, ker ste krivi svojih čustev, pač pa, ker bodo dejanja in izkušnje, ki jih ustvarjate danes, postala predvidevanja vaših možganov v prihodnosti. Včasih smo odgovorni za stvari ne ker smo krivi, pač pa ker smo edini, ki jih lahko spremenimo.
Now responsibility is a big word. It's so big, in fact, that sometimes people feel the need to resist the scientific evidence that emotions are built and not built in. The idea that we are responsible for our own emotions seems very hard to swallow. But what I'm suggesting to you is you don't have to choke on that idea. You just take a deep breath, maybe get yourself a glass of water if you need to, and embrace it. Embrace that responsibility, because it is the path to a healthier body, a more just and informed legal system, and a more flexible and potent emotional life.
Odgovornost je težka beseda. Tako težka, da včasih ljudje čutimo potrebo po ugovarjanju znanstvenim dokazom, da so čustva zgrajena, ne pa vgrajena vnaprej. Ideja, da smo odgovorni za svoja čustva, se zdi zelo težko prebavljiva. Toda predlagam vam, da se ne trudite preveč s tem. Da le globoko vdihnete, si morda vzamete kozarec vode, če ga potrebujete in jo sprejmete. Sprejmite to odgovornost, ker je pot k bolj zdravemu telesu k pravičnejšemu pravnemu sistemu in k prožnejšemu ter bogatejšemu čustvenemu življenju.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Aplavz)