(Aplaus)
Chris Anderson: This is such a strange thing. Your software, Linux, is in millions of computers, it probably powers much of the Internet. And I think that there are, like, a billion and a half active Android devices out there. Your software is in every single one of them. It's kind of amazing. You must have some amazing software headquarters driving all this. That's what I thought -- and I was shocked when I saw a picture of it. I mean, this is -- this is the Linux world headquarters.
Päris imelik on mõelda, et sinu loodud tarkvara, Linux, on kasutusel miljonites arvutites, sellel põhineb enamik internetitaristust. Praegu on kasutusel ligi 1.5 miljardit aktiivset Androidi seadet. Igas sellises seadmes on sinu tarkvara. See on ikka päris vinge. Kindlasti on selle taga võimas tarkvara arenduskeskus. Nii ma arvasin ja pidin pikali kukkuma, kui nägin seda pilti. See ongi Linuxi globaalne peakorter.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
(Applause)
(Aplaus)
Linus Torvalds: It really doesn't look like much. And I have to say, the most interesting part in this picture, that people mostly react to, is the walking desk. It is the most interesting part in my office and I'm not actually using it anymore. And I think the two things are related.
Pole tõesti suurem asi... Kõige huvitavam asi sel pildil, mis inimestele kohe silma hakkab, on töölaud, mille taga saab kõndida. See ongi kõige huvitavam asi mu kontoris, mida ma tegelikult enam ei kasuta. Need kaks asja on omavahel seotud.
The way I work is ... I want to not have external stimulation. You can kind of see, on the walls are this light green. I'm told that at mental institutions they use that on the walls.
Minu tööstiil on selline, et... Ma ei taha, et miski väline mind häiriks. Nagu pildilt näha, on seinad helerohelised. Kuulsin, et vaimuhaiglates on seinad sama värvi.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
It's like a calming color, it's not something that really stimulates you.
See on rahustav värv, mis kuidagi ei stimuleeri.
What you can't see is the computer here, you only see the screen, but the main thing I worry about in my computer is -- it doesn't have to be big and powerful, although I like that -- it really has to be completely silent. I know people who work for Google and they have their own small data center at home, and I don't do that. My office is the most boring office you'll ever see. And I sit there alone in the quiet. If the cat comes up, it sits in my lap. And I want to hear the cat purring, not the sound of the fans in the computer.
Siit pildilt ei näe hästi mu arvutit, näha on küll ainult ekraan, aga minu jaoks ei ole arvuti juures kõige olulisem see, et ta oleks suur ja võimas, kuigi see meeldib mulle ka, aga arvuti peab olema täiesti vaikne. Ma tean inimesi, kes töötavad Google'is ja neil on kodus oma väike arvutuskeskus, minul seda ei ole. Minu kontor on maailma kõige igavam koht. Istun seal omaette vaikuses. Kui kass tuleb tuppa ja mulle sülle tuleb, siis tahan kuulda kassi nurrumist, mitte arvutiventilaatorite undamist.
CA: So this is astonishing, because working this way, you're able to run this vast technology empire -- it is an empire -- so that's an amazing testament to the power of open source.
See on ikka hämmastav, kuidas sedasi töötades suudad sa juhtida hiiglaslikku tehnoloogiaimpeeriumi - ja see on impeerium - mis eriti ilmekalt annab tunnistust avatud lähtekoodi võimsusest.
Tell us how you got to understand open source and how it lead to the development of Linux.
Räägi palun, kuidas sa tundsid ära avatud lähtekoodi potentsiaali ja kuidas see viis Linuxini.
LT: I mean, I still work alone. Really -- I work alone in my house, often in my bathrobe. When a photographer shows up, I dress up, so I have clothes on.
Tegelikult töötan ma senini üksinda. Päriselt, ma töötangi üksi oma kodus, sageli hommikumantlis. Kui tuleb fotograaf, panen riidesse, et mul oleks midagi seljas.
(Laughter)
Ja nii olen ma alati töötanud.
And that's how I've always worked. I mean, this was how I started Linux, too. I did not start Linux as a collaborative project. I started it as one in a series of many projects I had done at the time for myself, partly because I needed the end result, but even more because I just enjoyed programming. So it was about the end of the journey, which, 25 years later, we still have not reached. But it was really about the fact that I was looking for a project on my own and there was no open source, really, on my radar at all.
Sedasi sai alguse ka Linux. Linux ei sündinud kellegiga koostöös. Hakkasin seda tegema samamoodi nagu mitmeid teisi projekte, mida olin omaette nokitsenud, osalt seetõttu, et mul oli seda asja vaja, aga rohkem seetõttu, et mulle programmeerimine lihtsalt meeldis. Nii et asi sai alguse lõppeesmärgist, kuhu me nüüd, 25 aastat hiljem, endiselt jõudnud ei ole, aga jah, kõik sai alguse sellest, et mul oli ühte konkreetset asja vaja ja avatud lähtekood ei olnud tegelikult mul üldse mõttes.
And what happened is ... the project grows and becomes something you want to show off to people. Really, this is more of a, "Wow, look at what I did!" And trust me -- it was not that great back then. I made it publicly available, and it wasn't even open source at that point. At that point it was source that was open, but there was no intention behind using the kind of open-source methodology that we think of today to improve it. It was more like, "Look, I've been working on this for half a year, I'd love to have comments."
Ja siis juhtus see, et projekt muudkui kasvas ja sellest tuli midagi, millega sai teiste ees eputada. Nii et jah, see oli rohkem nagu "Vau, vaadake, mis ma siin tegin!" Uskuge mind, tollal polnud see midagi nii erilist. Tegin selle kõigile kättesaadavaks ja tol hetkel ei olnudki asi avatud lähtekoodis. Jah, lähtekood oli küll avatud, aga polnud otsest kavatsust hakata kasutama avatud lähtekoodi nii, nagu me seda praegu mõistame, et asja paremaks teha. Pigem oli see nagu: "Näete, olen selle kallal töötanud viimased pool aastat, oleks tore, kui keegi midagi arvaks."
And other people approached me. At the University of Helsinki, I had a friend who was one of the open source -- it was called mainly "free software" back then -- and he actually introduced me to the notion that, hey, you can use these open-source licenses that had been around. And I thought about it for a while. I was actually worried about the whole commercial interests coming in. I mean, that's one of the worries I think most people who start out have, is that they worry about somebody taking advantage of their work, right? And I decided, "What the hell?" And --
Ja siis hakati minuga ühendust võtma. Helsinki Ülikoolis oli mul sõber, kes oli üks avatud lähtekoodi fänn, mida tollal kutsuti vabavaraks, kes üldse pani mulle pähe mõtte, et võiks ju kasutada neid avatud lähtekoodiga litsentse, mis juba olemas olid. Ma siis mõtlesin veidi selle üle. Tegelikult hirmutas mind võimalik kommertshuvi. Uute lahenduste puhul ongi ju üks peamisi muresid see, et keegi kasutab nende tehtud tööd enda huvides ära, kas pole? Nii ma otsustasingi, et "Mida kuradit?!" Ja siis...
CA: And then at some point, someone contributed some code that you thought, "Wow, that really is interesting, I would not have thought of that. This could actually improve this."
Ja siis mingil hetkel pakkus keegi välja mingi programmi, mis pani sind mõtlema: "Vau, lahe, ma ei oleks ise selle peale tulnudki. Nii saab asja palju paremaks teha!"
LT: It didn't even start by people contributing code, it was more that people started contributing ideas. And just the fact that somebody else takes a look at your project -- and I'm sure it's true of other things, too, but it's definitely true in code -- is that somebody else takes an interest in your code, looks at it enough to actually give you feedback and give you ideas. That was a huge thing for me.
Asi ei saanud algust mitte sellest, et panustati koodidega vaid sellest, et inimesed hakkasid oma ideedega panustama. Nii et pelgalt fakt, et keegi teine tunneb huvi su projekti vastu - ilmselt on see nii ka teiste asjadega, aga kindlasti on see nii programmeerimisel, et kui kellelegi teisele pakub su programm nii palju huvi et ta süveneb sellesse, annab tagasisidet ja uusi ideid. Minu jaoks oli see väga suur asi.
I was 21 at the time, so I was young, but I had already programmed for half my life, basically. And every project before that had been completely personal and it was a revelation when people just started commenting, started giving feedback on your code. And even before they started giving code back, that was, I think, one of the big moments where I said, "I love other people!" Don't get me wrong -- I'm actually not a people person.
Olin tollal 21-aastane, väga noor, aga olin programmeerimisega tegelenud praktiliselt pool oma elust. Kõik mu varasemad projektid olid täiesti enda tarbeks tehtud ja see oli ikka väga eriline, kui teised hakkasid kommenteerima ja andma koodile tagasisidet. Veel enne seda kui mulle hakati koode vastu saatma oli minu jaoks pöördeline hetk, kus ma ütlesin: "Ma armastan teisi inimesi!" Ärge saage valesti aru, ma ei ole tegelikult inimeste inimene.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
I don't really love other people --
Ega mulle inimesed eriti ei meeldi.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
But I love computers, I love interacting with other people on email, because it kind of gives you that buffer. But I do love other people who comment and get involved in my project. And it made it so much more.
Aga ma armastan arvuteid, mulle meeldib suhelda meili teel, sest see annab teatava puhvri. Aga armastan neid, kes kommenteerivad ja tulevad mu projektiga kaasa. Ja see andis asjale väga palju juurde.
CA: So was there a moment when you saw what was being built and it suddenly started taking off, and you thought, "Wait a sec, this actually could be something huge, not just a personal project that I'm getting nice feedback on, but a kind of explosive development in the whole technology world"?
Aga kas oli üks hetk, kus said aru, mis tegelikult on sündimas ja siis see sai hoo sisse ning sa mõtlesid, et oot-oot, siit võib tulla midagi suurt, mitte enam väike hobiprojekt, millele antakse positiivset tagasisidet vaid hoopis plahvatuslik areng kogu tehnoloogiamaailma jaoks.
LT: Not really. I mean, the big point for me, really, was not when it was becoming huge, it was when it was becoming little. The big point for me was not being alone and having 10, maybe 100 people being involved -- that was a big point. Then everything else was very gradual. Going from 100 people to a million people is not a big deal -- to me. Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're --
Mitte päris. Minu jaoks ei olnud pöördeline hetk see, kui asi paisus ülisuureks, vaid see, kui see muutus väikeseks. Minu jaoks oli kõige tähtsam, et ma ei olnud üksi, et oli veel 10 või 100 inimest, kes asjaga tegelesid, see oli suur asi. Kõik muu tuli järk-järgult. Kasv sajalt inimeselt miljonini pole minu jaoks eriline näitaja. Või ehk on, kui....
(Laughter)
Kui on huvi oma toodet müüa, siis muidugi on see oluline näitaja,
If you want to sell your result then it's a huge deal -- don't get me wrong. But if you're interested in the technology and you're interested in the project, the big part was getting the community. Then the community grew gradually. And there's actually not a single point where I went like, "Wow, that just took off!" because it -- I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.
ärge mind valesti mõistke. Aga kui tähtis on eelkõige tehnoloogia ja käsilolev projekt, on kõige olulisem, et tekiks kogukond. Siis hakkas kogukond muudkui kasvama. Ja tegelikult ei olnudki ühte konkreetset hetke, mil oleksin öelnud: "Vau, nüüd läks asi käima!", See võttis ikka suhteliselt kaua aega.
CA: So all the technologists that I talk to really credit you with massively changing their work. And it's not just Linux, it's this thing called Git, which is this management system for software development. Tell us briefly about that and your role in that.
Kõik tehnoloogiainimesed, kellega olen rääkinud, peavad just sinu teeneks, et nende töö on radikaalselt muutunud. Mitte ainult tänu Linuxile, on veel üks asi, GIT, tarkvara arenduse haldussüsteem Räägi palun, millega tegu ja milline on sinu roll selles.
LT: So one of the issues we had, and this took a while to start to appear, is when you ... When you grow from having 10 people or 100 people working on a project to having 10,000 people, which -- I mean, right now we're in the situation where just on the kernel, we have 1,000 people involved in every single release and that's every two months, roughly two or three months. Some of those people don't do a lot. There's a lot of people who make small, small changes.
Üks asi, millega me kimpus olime, ja esialgu me seda ei adunud, oli see, et... Kui projekt, kus on 10 või 100 osalejalt kasvab 10 000 osalejani, siis... Praeguseks on asi selline, et ainult tuuma kallal töötab iga versiooni peal 1000 inimest ja uus versioon tuleb välja iga kahe-kolme kuu tagant. Osa nendest inimestest teeb väga väikesi lõike. On palju inimesi, kes teevad imeväikseid muudatusi.
But to maintain this, the scale changes how you have to maintain it. And we went through a lot of pain. And there are whole projects that do only source-code maintenance. CVS is the one that used to be the most commonly used, and I hated CVS with a passion and refused to touch it and tried something else that was radical and interesting and everybody else hated.
Aga kõige majandamiseks sellises mastaabis on vaja hoopis teistsugust lähenemist ja me nägime ikka kõvasti vaeva. On terveid projekte, mis tegelevad ainult lähtekoodi hooldusega. CVS oli üks neist, mida tollal kasutati kõige rohkem ja ma vihkasin CVSi täiega, keeldusin seda kasutamast, selle asemel proovisin midagi palju radikaalsemat ja põnevamat, mida kõik teised vihkasid.
CA: (Laughs)
Jõudsime omadega ummikusse
LT: And we were in this bad spot, where we had thousands of people who wanted to participate, but in many ways, I was the kind of break point, where I could not scale to the point where I could work with thousands of people.
kus oli tuhandeid huvilisi, kes tahtsid osaleda, aga ma sain aru, et endistviisi enam edasi minna ei saa, ma ei suuda nii mastaapset asja hallata ja töötada koos tuhandete inimestega.
So Git is my second big project, which was only created for me to maintain my first big project. And this is literally how I work. I don't code for -- well, I do code for fun -- but I want to code for something meaningful so every single project I've ever done has been something I needed and --
GIT oli minu teine suur projekt, mille tegin ainult selleks, et hallata oma esimest suurt projekti. Nii ma põhimõtteliselt neid asju teengi. Ma ei tee programme selleks, et... Või õigemini ma teen programme lõbu pärast, aga ma tahan, et sellest programmist oleks midagi kasu. Olen kõiki oma projekte teinud puhtalt oma vajadusest lähtuvalt
CA: So really, both Linux and Git kind of arose almost as an unintended consequence of your desire not to have to work with too many people.
Nii et siis tegelikult sündisid Linux ja GIT justkui poolkogemata, sellepärast, et sulle ei meeldi töötada teiste inimestega koos?
LT: Absolutely. Yes.
Täpselt nii!
(Laughter)
(Naer)
CA: That's amazing. LT: Yeah.
Väga lahe!
(Applause)
Samas oled just sina see mees, kes tegi tehnoloogias revolutsiooni
And yet, you're the man who's transformed technology not just once but twice, and we have to try and understand why it is. You've given us some clues, but ... Here's a picture of you as a kid, with a Rubik's Cube. You mentioned that you've been programming since you were like 10 or 11, half your life.
mitte ainult üks vaid kaks korda ja tahaks aru saada, kuidas see juhtus. Üht-teist oled juba rääkinud, aga... Siin on pilt sinust lapsena, käes Rubiku kuubik. Ütlesid, et alustasid programmeerimisega 10-11 aasta vanuselt Kas sa olid nohikust arvutigeenius,
Were you this sort of computer genius, you know, übernerd, were you the star at school who could do everything? What were you like as a kid?
imelaps, kes oskas alati kõike? Milline sa lapsena olid?
LT: Yeah, I think I was the prototypical nerd. I mean, I was ... I was not a people person back then. That's my younger brother. I was clearly more interested in the Rubik's Cube than my younger brother.
Ma olingi selline tüüpiline nohik. Selles mõttes, et ma ei olnud juba siis inimeste inimene. See on mu noorem vend. On näha, et Rubiku kuubik huvitab mind palju rohkem kui mu noorem vend.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
My younger sister, who's not in the picture, when we had family meetings -- and it's not a huge family, but I have, like, a couple of cousins -- she would prep me beforehand. Like, before I stepped into the room she would say, "OK. That's so-and-so ..." Because I was not -- I was a geek. I was into computers, I was into math, I was into physics. I was good at that. I don't think I was particularly exceptional. Apparently, my sister said that my biggest exceptional quality was that I would not let go.
Minu noorem õde, keda siin pildil ei ole, kui meil oli sugulastega tulemas mingi üritus, ja meil polnud just palju sugulasi, aga mõned ikka, siis valmistas ta mind eelnevalt ette. Enne kui ma tuppa tulin, seletas ta mulle, et vaata, see on nüüd see inimene, sest ma polnud nagu eriti... Ma olin lihtsalt arvutifriik, mulle meeldisid matemaatika ja füüsika, nendes olin ma tugev. Ma ei arva, et oleksin olnud midagi nii väga erilist. Olen nõus oma õega, kes ütles, et mu kõige silmapaistvam omadus on järeleandmatus.
CA: OK, so let's go there, because that's interesting. You would not let go. So that's not about being a geek and being smart, that's about being ... stubborn?
Räägime sellest lähemalt, see on huvitav. Nii et sa olid väga järjekindel. Mitte niivõrd friik või ülitark vaid hoopis kangekaelne?
LT: That's about being stubborn. That's about, like, just starting something and not saying, "OK, I'm done, let's do something else -- Look: shiny!"
Jah, olin selline järeleandmatu. Selles mõttes, et kui midagi alustasin, siis ma ei öelnud kohe varsti: "OK, ma enam ei viitsi, teeme midagi muud. Näe, lahe läikiv asi!"
And I notice that in many other parts in my life, too. I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years. And I worked for the same company, in Silicon Valley, for the whole time. That is unheard of. That's not how Silicon Valley works. The whole point of Silicon Valley is that people jump between jobs to kind of mix up the pot. And that's not the kind of person I am.
Sama lugu on mul elus ka teiste asjadega. Olen Silicon Valleys elanud seitse aastat. Ja töötanud kogu see aeg Silicon Valleys samas firmas. Ainult Silicon Valleys, kogu aeg. See on midagi ennekuulmatut! Silicon Valleys nii ei tehta! Silicon Valley mõte ongi selles, et inimesed hüppavad ühelt töölt teisele ja korjavad võimalikult palju kogemusi. Ma ei ole sellist tüüpi inimene.
CA: But during the actual development of Linux itself, that stubbornness sometimes brought you in conflict with other people. Talk about that a bit. Was that essential to sort of maintain the quality of what was being built? How would you describe what happened?
Aga Linuxi väljatöötamise protsessis tekitas su kangekaelsus vahel ka konflikte? Räägi sellest ka. Kas oli kõige tähtsam oli kõrge kvaliteet kõiges, mida tegite? Kuidas sa toimunut kirjeldaksid?
LT: I don't know if it's essential. Going back to the "I'm not a people person," -- sometimes I'm also ... shall we say, "myopic" when it comes to other people's feelings, and that sometimes makes you say things that hurt other people. And I'm not proud of that.
Ma ei tea, kas see oli nüüd kõige tähtsam. Arvestades, et ma ei ole just inimeste inimene, siis teinekord olen ma... kuidas nüüd öelda, pime teiste inimeste tunnete suhtes. Ja seetõttu ütlen vahel asju, mis võivad teistele haiget teha. Ega ma ise selle üle uhke pole.
(Applause)
(Aplaus)
But, at the same time, it's -- I get people who tell me that I should be nice. And then when I try to explain to them that maybe you're nice, maybe you should be more aggressive, they see that as me being not nice.
Aga samas on inimesi, kes tulevad mulle ütlema, et peaksin olema sõbralikum. Ja kui ma siis püüan neile seletada, et sina, kes sa oled sõbralik, peaksid ehk hoopis ise agressiivsem olema, siis arvatakse, et ma ei ole sõbralik.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
What I'm trying to say is we are different. I'm not a people person; it's not something I'm particularly proud of, but it's part of me. And one of the things I really like about open source is it really allows different people to work together. We don't have to like each other -- and sometimes we really don't like each other. Really -- I mean, there are very, very heated arguments. But you can, actually, you can find things that -- you don't even agree to disagree, it's just that you're interested in really different things.
Ma tahan öelda, et inimesed on erinevad. Mina ei ole inimeste inimene, mitte et ma selle üle nüüd uhke oleksin, aga selline ma olen. Ja mis mulle avatud lähtekoodi juures väga meeldib, ongi see, et ta võimaldab erinevatel inimestel koos töötada. Me ei pea üksteisele meeldima, ja vahel ei meeldi teine inimene üldse. Päriselt ka, tuleb ikka ette väga teravaid konflikte. On asju, kus lihtsalt pole võimalik teise inimesega kompromissile jõuda, sest teie huvid on täiesti erinevad.
And coming back to the point where I said earlier that I was afraid of commercial people taking advantage of your work, it turned out, and very quickly turned out, that those commercial people were lovely, lovely people. And they did all the things that I was not at all interested in doing, and they had completely different goals. And they used open source in ways that I just did not want to go. But because it was open source they could do it, and it actually works really beautifully together.
Ja tulles tagasi selle juurde, mida ma enne ütlesin, et ma kartsin, et mingid ärimehed hakkavad minu tööd ära kasutama, siis sai väga kiiresti selgeks, et need äri-inimesed olid äärmiselt kenad inimesed. Ja nad tegid kõiki neid asju, mida ma ise üldse teha ei tahtnud, ja neil olid täiesti erinevad eesmärgid. Ja nad kasutasid avatud lähtekoodi nii, nagu mina ei oleks kunagi teinud. Aga kuna see oli avatud kood, siis nad said seda teha ja tegelikult toimib see suurepäraselt!
And I actually think it works the same way. You need to have the people-people, the communicators, the warm and friendly people who like --
Tegelikult toimibki see täpselt samamoodi. Ongi vaja, et inimeste inimesed, tegeleksid suhtlemisega, sellised soojad ja sõbralikud inimesed,
(Laughter)
(Naer)
really want to hug you and get you into the community. But that's not everybody. And that's not me. I care about the technology. There are people who care about the UI. I can't do UI to save my life. I mean, if I was stranded on an island and the only way to get off that island was the make a pretty UI, I'd die there.
kes nagu tahaksid kõiki kallistada ja üht suurt kogukonda luua. Aga kõik ei ole sellised. Ma ise selline ei ole. Mind huvitab tehnoloogia. Samas on neid, kelle jaoks on tähtis kasutajaliides. Ma ei oskaks kasutajaliidest teha ka surmaähvardusel. Kui satuksin üksikule saarele ja ainus viis saarelt pääsemiseks oleks disainida hea kasutajaliides, siis ma sinna ka sureksin.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
So there's different kinds of people, and I'm not making excuses, I'm trying to explain.
Nii et jah, inimesi on erinevaid ja ma ei otsigi siin vabandusi, vaid püüan selgitada.
CA: Now, when we talked last week, you talked about some other trait that you have, which I found really interesting. It's this idea called taste.
Kui me eelmisel nädalal rääkisime, siis sa mainisid endal veel üht omadust, mis minu arust on väga põnev, nimelt hea maitse.
And I've just got a couple of images here. I think this is an example of not particularly good taste in code, and this one is better taste, which one can immediately see. What is the difference between these two?
Vaatame neid pilte. See on näide mitte just kõige parema maitsega tehtud programmist ja see siin on parema maitsega tehtud, mis hakkab ka kohe silma. Mis neil kahel aga vahet on?
LT: So this is -- How many people here actually have coded?
Asi on selles, et... Kui paljud siin on kunagi midagi programmeerinud?
CA: Oh my goodness.
Heldeke!
LT: So I guarantee you, everybody who raised their hand, they have done what's called a singly-linked list. And it's taught -- This, the first not very good taste approach, is basically how it's taught to be done when you start out coding. And you don't have to understand the code.
Ma olen päris kindel, et kõik, kes siin käe tõstsid, on kunagi teinud lihtahelat. Ja seda õpetatakse... See esimene mitte nii hea maitsega programm on näide sellest, kuidas programmeerimist õpetatakse päris algajatele. Selleks pole vaja koodist aru saada.
The most interesting part to me is the last if statement. Because what happens in a singly-linked list -- this is trying to remove an existing entry from a list -- and there's a difference between if it's the first entry or whether it's an entry in the middle. Because if it's the first entry, you have to change the pointer to the first entry. If it's in the middle, you have to change the pointer of a previous entry. So they're two completely different cases.
Minu jaoks on aga kõige huvitavam see viimane 'if' lausend. Sest lihtahelaga on nii, et kui sellest püütakse eemaldada üht sisendit, ja on suur vahe, kas see on esimene sisend või on see sisend ahela keskel. Sest kui tegu on esimese sisendiga, tuleb muuta ära ka esimese sisendi viide. Kui see on aga keskel, tuleb muuta eelneva sisendi viidet. Need on kaks täiesti erinevat asja.
CA: And that's better.
Jah, see on parem.
LT: And this is better. It does not have the if statement. And it doesn't really matter -- I don't want you understand why it doesn't have the if statement, but I want you to understand that sometimes you can see a problem in a different way and rewrite it so that a special case goes away and becomes the normal case. And that's good code. But this is simple code. This is CS 101. This is not important -- although, details are important.
Siin ei ole "if" lausendit. Põhimõtteliselt siin vahet pole. Polegi oluline aru saada, miks siin 'if' lausendit pole, aga ma tahan, et saaksite aru, et teinekord on probleemi võimalik vaadata teise nurga alt ja kirjutada see ümber nii, et erisus kaob ära ja sellest saab tavaline kood. Ja selline ongi hea programm. Aga see on lihtne kood. See on CS 101. Tegelikult pole vahet, kuigi detailid on olulised.
To me, the sign of people I really want to work with is that they have good taste, which is how ... I sent you this stupid example that is not relevant because it's too small. Good taste is much bigger than this. Good taste is about really seeing the big patterns and kind of instinctively knowing what's the right way to do things.
Neil inimestel, kellega koos ma tõesti tahan töötada on olemas see hea maitse, mis väljendub selles, mida siin nägite. See oli veidi tobe näide, mis ei olnud päris asjakohane, kuna on liiga tühine. Hea maitse on palju enamat kui see. Hea maitse seisneb võimes näha suuremat pilti, võimes tunda instinktiivselt ära, kuidas oleks kõige õigem asju teha.
CA: OK, so we're putting the pieces together here now. You have taste, in a way that's meaningful to software people. You're --
OK, võtame nüüd siis kõik selle kokku. Sul on hea maitse, millest saavad aru tarkvaraga tegelevad inimesed. (Naer)
(Laughter)
Ma arvan, et siin on nii mõnigi, kes ka seda hinnata oskab.
LT: I think it was meaningful to some people here.
CA: You're a very smart computer coder, and you're hellish stubborn. But there must be something else. I mean, you've changed the future. You must have the ability of these grand visions of the future. You're a visionary, right?
Oled väga andekas programmeerija ja sa oled pagana kangekaelne. Aga midagi peab ju veel olema! Sa oled ju muutnud tulevikku! Sul peab olema mingi võime suuri tulevikuvisioone näha. Sa oled ju visionäär?
LT: I've actually felt slightly uncomfortable at TED for the last two days, because there's a lot of vision going on, right? And I am not a visionary. I do not have a five-year plan. I'm an engineer. And I think it's really -- I mean -- I'm perfectly happy with all the people who are walking around and just staring at the clouds and looking at the stars and saying, "I want to go there." But I'm looking at the ground, and I want to fix the pothole that's right in front of me before I fall in. This is the kind of person I am.
Ausalt öeldes olen end siin TEDil kuidagi ebamugavalt tundunud, sest siin on õhk visioonidest paks. Ja ma ei ole mingi visionäär. Mul pole viie-aastast plaani. Ma olen insener. Ja minu arust on lihtsalt... Mul pole midagi inimeste vastu, kes käivad ringi pea pilvedes, vahivad tähti ja ütlevad, et tahaks sinna minna. Aga mina vaatan enda ette maha ja ma tahan ära lappida teeaugud otse mu jalge ees enne kui ma sinna sisse kukun. Selline ma lihtsalt olen.
(Cheers)
(Aplaus)
(Applause)
CA: So you spoke to me last week about these two guys. Who are they and how do you relate to them?
Eelmisel nädalal rääkisid sa nendest kahest mehest. Kes need on ja mida nad sinu jaoks tähendavad?
LT: Well, so this is kind of cliché in technology, the whole Tesla versus Edison, where Tesla is seen as the visionary scientist and crazy idea man. And people love Tesla. I mean, there are people who name their companies after him.
Jah, tehnoloogiamaailmas on saanud juba klišeeks kogu see Tesla versus Edison teema. Teslat kujutatakse visionäärina, hullu teadlase ja ideede generaatorina. Ja Tesla meeldib inimestele väga. Mõned panevad isegi oma firmale tema nime.
(Laughter)
(Naer)
The other person there is Edison, who is actually often vilified for being kind of pedestrian and is -- I mean, his most famous quote is, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration." And I'm in the Edison camp, even if people don't always like him. Because if you actually compare the two, Tesla has kind of this mind grab these days, but who actually changed the world? Edison may not have been a nice person, he did a lot of things -- he was maybe not so intellectual, not so visionary. But I think I'm more of an Edison than a Tesla.
See teine mees on Edison. keda tihti tögatakse nagu mingit jalameest. Tema tuntuim tsitaat on selline: "Geenius on 1% inspiratsiooni ja 99% järjekindlust" Mina olen Edisoni poolt, isegi kui ta inimestele väga ei meeldi. Sest kui nüüd neid kahte võrrelda, siis on Tesla tänapäeval küll tuntum, kuid kes tegelikult maailma muutis? Edison ei olnud ehk inimesena kuigi tore, aga ta tegi ära palju asju. Ta ei olnud ehk eriline intellektuaal ega suur visionäär, aga ma leian, et olen rohkem Edisoni kui Tesla tüüpi.
CA: So our theme at TED this week is dreams -- big, bold, audacious dreams. You're really the antidote to that.
Meie seekordse TEDi teema on unistused, suured ja ambitsioonikad unistused. Sina räägid meile aga hoopis vastupidist.
LT: I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.
Jah, ma püüan tuure veidi vähemaks võtta.
CA: That's good.
Tore on.
(Laughter) We embrace you, we embrace you.
(Naer) Me tunnustame sind!
Companies like Google and many others have made, arguably, like, billions of dollars out of your software. Does that piss you off?
Google ja mitmed teised firmad on väidetavalt ajanud kokku miljoneid tänu sinu loodud tarkvarale. Kas see ei aja sind närvi?
LT: No. No, it doesn't piss me off for several reasons. And one of them is, I'm doing fine. I'm really doing fine.
Ei. Ei, see ei aja mind närvi ja seda mitmel põhjusel. Üks neist on see, et mul läheb hästi. Mul läheb tõesti hästi.
But the other reason is -- I mean, without doing the whole open source and really letting go thing, Linux would never have been what it is. And it's brought experiences I don't really enjoy, public talking, but at the same time, this is an experience. Trust me. So there's a lot of things going on that make me a very happy man and thinking I did the right choices.
Aga teine põhjus on see, et kui poleks olnud avatud lähtekoodi, mis on kõigile kättesaadav, siis poleks Linux jõudnud sinna, kus ta praegu on. See on toonud kaasa kogemusi, mida ma just eriti ei naudi, nagu avalikud esinemised, aga samas on see ju omaette kogemus. On juhtunud igasuguseid asju, mis on mind õnnelikuks teinud, ja seetõttu usun, et minu valikud olid õiged.
CA: Is the open source idea -- this is, I think we'll end here -- is the open source idea fully realized now in the world, or is there more that it could go, are there more things that it could do?
Kas avatud lähtekoodi idee on oma potentsiaali nüüdseks ammendanud või on veel midagi, mida sellega teha? Kuidas seda veel rakendada?
LT: So, I'm of two minds there. I think one reason open source works so well in code is that at the end of the day, code tends to be somewhat black and white. There's often a fairly good way to decide, this is done correctly and this is not done well. Code either works or it doesn't, which means that there's less room for arguments. And we have arguments despite this, right? In many other areas -- I mean, people have talked about open politics and things like that -- and it's really hard sometimes to say that, yes, you can apply the same principles in some other areas just because the black and white turns into not just gray, but different colors.
See on mõneti vastuoluline küsimus. Üks põhjus, miks avatud lähtekood on programeerimisel end õigustanud, on see, et oma põhiolemuselt on koodid üldiselt mustvalged. Reeglina on alati võimalik hinnata, kas asi on tehtud korralikult või mitte. Kood kas toimib või ei toimi, mis tähendab, et vaidlusteks siin väga ruumi ei jää. Ja me ikka vaidleme selle üle, kas pole? Aga paljudes teistes valdkondades... On räägitud avatud poliitikast ja muust sellisest, ja sageli on väga raske öelda, et samu põhimõtteid on võimalik rakendada ka teistes eluvaldkondades, tulenevalt sellest, et must ja valge ei muutu pelgalt halliks, vaid reaalsuses on värve rohkem.
So, obviously open source in science is making a comeback. Science was there first. But then science ended up being pretty closed, with very expensive journals and some of that going on. And open source is making a comeback in science, with things like arXiv and open journals. Wikipedia changed the world, too. So there are other examples, I'm sure there are more to come.
Jah, avatud lähtekood teaduses on taas populaarne. Teadus oligi ju esimene, aga siis muutus teadus kinnisemaks, tekkisid väga kallid ajakirjad ja muu selline värk. Nüüd on aga avatud lähtekood teadusesse naasmas näiteks arXivi ja tasuta ajakirjade näol. Wikipedia muidugi muutis ka maailma. Nii et neid näiteid on ja ma olen kindel, et tuleb juurde.
CA: But you're not a visionary, and so it's not up to you to name them.
Aga kuna sa ei ole visionäär, ei oska sa ühtegi nimetada. Ei.
LT: No.
Teie oletegi ju need, kes neid tegema hakkavad?
(Laughter)
It's up to you guys to make them, right?
CA: Exactly.
Just.
Linus Torvalds, thank you for Linux, thank you for the Internet, thank you for all those Android phones.
Linus Torvalds, aitäh sulle Linuxi eest, aitäh sulle Interneti eest aitäh kõikide Androidi telefonide eest.
Thank you for coming here to TED and revealing so much of yourself.
Aitäh, et tulid TEDile ja endast rääkisid.
LT: Thank you.
Aitäh sulle!
(Applause)
(Aplaus)