Code is the next universal language. In the seventies, it was punk music that drove the whole generation. In the eighties, it was probably money. But for my generation of people, software is the interface to our imagination and our world. And that means that we need a radically, radically more diverse set of people to build those products, to not see computers as mechanical and lonely and boring and magic, to see them as things that they can tinker and turn around and twist, and so forth.
Kodiranje je novi univerzalni jezik. Sedamdesetih je pank muzika pokretala čitave generacije. Osamdesetih je to verovatno bio novac. No za moju generaciju ljudi, softver je interfejs naše mašte i našeg sveta. A to znači da su nam potrebne radikalno, radikalno raznovrsnije grupe ljudi koje bi pravile te proizvode, koje ne bi gledale na kompjutere kao mehaničke, dosadne i magične, već kao na stvari koje mogu preoblikovati i preokrenuti i izvrnuti i tako dalje.
My personal journey into the world of programming and technology started at the tender age of 14. I had this mad teenage crush on an older man, and the older man in question just happened to be the then Vice President of the United States, Mr. Al Gore. And I did what every single teenage girl would want to do. I wanted to somehow express all of this love, so I built him a website, it's over here. And in 2001, there was no Tumblr, there was no Facebook, there was no Pinterest. So I needed to learn to code in order to express all of this longing and loving.
Moje lično putovanje u svet programiranja i tehnologije je započelo s nežnih 14 godina. Tinejdžerski sam se ludo zaljubila u starijeg muškarca, a stariji muškarac koji je u pitanju je slučajno tadašnji potpredsednik Sjedinjenih Država, g. Al Gor. I ja sam uradila ono što bi svaka tinejdžerka želela da uradi. Želela sam nekako da izrazim svu tu ljubav, pa sam napravila vebsajt za njega; evo ga. A 2001. nismo imali Tambler, nismo imali Fejsbuk, nismo imali Pinterest. Pa sam morala da naučim kodiranje kako bih izrazila svu tu čežnju i ljubav.
And that is how programming started for me. It started as a means of self-expression. Just like when I was smaller, I would use crayons and legos. And when I was older, I would use guitar lessons and theater plays. But then, there were other things to get excited about, like poetry and knitting socks and conjugating French irregular verbs and coming up with make-believe worlds and Bertrand Russell and his philosophy. And I started to be one of those people who felt that computers are boring and technical and lonely.
I tako sam počela s programiranjem. Počelo je kao način za samoizražavanje. Baš kao što sam, kad sam bila manja, koristila voštane boje i lego kocke. I kao što sam nešto starija koristila časove gitare i pozorišne predstave. Ali tu su bile i druge uzbudljive stvari, poput poezije i pletenja čarapa i menjanja nepravilnih glagola na francuskom i izmišljanja kobajagi svetova i Bertranda Rasela i njegove filozofije. I postala sam jedna od onih koji su osećali da su kompjuteri dosadni, tehnički i usamljeni.
Here's what I think today. Little girls don't know that they are not supposed to like computers. Little girls are amazing. They are really, really good at concentrating on things and being exact and they ask amazing questions like, "What?" and "Why?" and "How?" and "What if?" And they don't know that they are not supposed to like computers. It's the parents who do. It's us parents who feel like computer science is this esoteric, weird science discipline that only belongs to the mystery makers. That it's almost as far removed from everyday life as, say, nuclear physics.
Evo šta danas mislim. Malene devojčice ne znaju da ne bi trebalo da vole kompjutere. Devojčice su neverovatne. Zaista su veoma, veoma dobre u koncentrisanju na stvari i u preciznosti i pitaju neverovatna pitanja, kao što su: "Šta?" i "Zašto?" i "Kako?" i "Šta ako?" I one ne znaju da ne bi trebalo da vole kompjutere. Njihovi roditelji to znaju. Mi roditelji osećamo da je nauka o kompjuterima nekakva ezoterična, čudna naučna disciplina koja pripada samo tvorcima misterije. Da je daleka našoj svakodnevici gotovo kao, recimo, nuklearna fizika.
And they are partly right about that. There's a lot of syntax and controls and data structures and algorithms and practices, protocols and paradigms in programming. And we as a community, we've made computers smaller and smaller. We've built layers and layers of abstraction on top of each other between the man and the machine to the point that we no longer have any idea how computers work or how to talk to them. And we do teach our kids how the human body works, we teach them how the combustion engine functions and we even tell them that if you want to really be an astronaut you can become one. But when the kid comes to us and asks, "So, what is a bubble sort algorithm?" Or, "How does the computer know what happens when I press 'play,' how does it know which video to show?" Or, "Linda, is Internet a place?" We adults, we grow oddly silent. "It's magic," some of us say. "It's too complicated," the others say.
I delimično su u pravu. Ima tu mnogo sintakse i regulisanja i struktuiranja podataka i algoritama i vežbanja, protokola i paradigmi u programiranju. A mi smo kao zajednica napravili kompjutere sve manjim i manjim. Sagradili smo slojeve i slojeve apstrakcije jedne preko drugih između čoveka i mašine, do tačke da više pojma nemamo kako kompjuteri rade ili kako da razgovaramo s njima. A mi učimo našu decu kako ljudsko telo funkcioniše, učimo ih kako radi motor sa unutrašnjim sagorevanjem, čak im govorimo da ako zaista žele da budu astronauti mogu to da postanu. Međutim kad nam dete priđe i pita: "Pa, kakav je to bablsort algoritam?" Ili: "Kako kompjuter zna šta se dešava kad pritisnem "plej", kako zna koji snimak da prikaže?" Ili: "Linda, da li je internet mesto?" Mi odrasli postanemo neobično tihi. "To je magija", neki bi rekli. "Suviše je komplikovano", rekli bi drugi.
Well, it's neither. It's not magic and it's not complicated. It all just happened really, really, really fast. Computer scientists built these amazing, beautiful machines, but they made them very, very foreign to us, and also the language we speak to the computers so that we don't know how to speak to the computers anymore without our fancy user interfaces.
Pa, nije ni jedno ni drugo. Niti je magija, niti je komplikovano. Sve se prosto desilo veoma, veoma brzo. Naučnici za kompjutere su napravili ove neverovatne, lepe mašine, ali su ih napravili da nam budu veoma, veoma strane, kao i jezik kojim razgovaramo s kompjuterima, te više ne znamo kako da govorimo s kompjuterima bez kitnjastih korisničkih interfejsa.
And that's why no one recognized that when I was conjugating French irregular verbs, I was actually practicing my pattern recognition skills. And when I was excited about knitting, I actually was following a sequence of symbolic commands that included loops inside of them. And that Bertrand Russell's lifelong quest to find an exact language between English and mathematics found its home inside of a computer. I was a programmer, but no one knew it.
I zato niko nije prepoznao da kad sam menjala nepravilne glagole na francuskom, zapravo sam uvežbavala svoje veštine prepoznavanja obrazaca. A kad sam bila uzbuđena zbog pletenja, zapravo sam pratila redosled simboličkih komandi koje su u sebe uključivale petlje. I da je celoživotno traganje Bertranda Rasela za pronalaženjem preciznog jezika između engleskog i matematike pronašlo svoj dom u kompjuteru. Bila sam programer, ali niko nije znao za to.
The kids of today, they tap, swipe and pinch their way through the world. But unless we give them tools to build with computers, we are raising only consumers instead of creators.
Današnja deca tapkaju, lupkaju i grebu svoj put kroz svet. Ali, ukoliko im ne damo oruđa da grade uz pomoć kompjutera, podizaćemo samo potrošače, umesto graditelja.
This whole quest led me to this little girl. Her name is Ruby, she is six years old. She is completely fearless, imaginative and a little bit bossy. And every time I would run into a problem in trying to teach myself programming like, "What is object-oriented design or what is garbage collection?", I would try to imagine how a six-year-old little girl would explain the problem.
Čitav ovaj pohod me je doveo do ove devojčice. Ona se zove Rubi, ima šest godina. Potpuno je neustrašiva, maštovita i pomalo se pravi važna. I svaki put kad bih naletela na problem, pokušavajući sebe da naučim programiranju, kao: "Šta je to softverski dizajn ili šta je sakupljanje smeća?" Pokušala bih da zamislim kako bi šestogodišnja devojčica objasnila problem.
And I wrote a book about her and I illustrated it and the things Ruby taught me go like this. Ruby taught me that you're not supposed to be afraid of the bugs under your bed. And even the biggest of the problems are a group of tiny problems stuck together. And Ruby also introduced me to her friends, the colorful side of the Internet culture. She has friends like the Snow Leopard, who is beautiful but doesn't want to play with the other kids. And she has friends like the green robots that are really friendly but super messy. And she has friends like Linux the penguin who's really ruthlessly efficient, but somewhat hard to understand. And idealistic foxes, and so on.
Pa sam napisala knjigu o njoj i ilustrovala sam je, a ono što me je Rubi naučila zvuči ovako. Rubi me je naučila da ne treba da se plašimo bubica pod krevetom. I da su i najveći problemi grupe sićušnih problema nagomilanih zajedno. A Rubi me je takođe upoznala s njenim prijateljima, šarenolikom stranom kulture interneta. Ima prijatelje, poput Snežnog Leoparda, koji je lep, ali ne želi da se igra s drugom decom. I ima prijatelje poput zelenih robota koji su zaista društveni, ali strašno neuredni. I ima prijatelje, poput pingvina Linuksa koji je zaista beskrajno efikasan, ali ga je nekako teško razumeti. I idealistične lisice i tako dalje.
In Ruby's world, you learn technology through play. And, for instance, computers are really good at repeating stuff, so the way Ruby would teach loops goes like this. This is Ruby's favorite dance move, it goes, "Clap, clap, stomp, stomp clap, clap and jump." And you learn counter loops by repeating that four times. And you learn while loops by repeating that sequence while I'm standing on one leg. And you learn until loops by repeating that sequence until mom gets really mad. (Laughter) And most of all, you learn that there are no ready answers.
U Rubinom svetu, savladavate tehnologiju kroz igru. I, na primer, kompjuteri su zaista dobri u ponavljanju, pa nas Rubi uči petljama ovako. Rubin omiljeni plesni korak ide ovako: "Tapši, tapši, lupkaj, lupkaj, tapši, tapši i skoči." A učite kontrapetlje, ponavljajući ovo četiri puta. A učite uslovne petlje ponavljajući taj redosled, pod uslovom da stojite na jednoj nozi. A učite posledične petlje, ponavljajući redosled što posledično izaziva mamin bes. (Smeh) A iznad svega, učite da ne postoje gotovi odgovori.
When coming up with the curriculum for Ruby's world, I needed to really ask the kids how they see the world and what kind of questions they have and I would organize play testing sessions. I would start by showing the kids these four pictures. I would show them a picture of a car, a grocery store, a dog and a toilet. And I would ask, "Which one of these do you think is a computer?" And the kids would be very conservative and go, "None of these is a computer. I know what a computer is: it's that glowing box in front of which mom or dad spends way too much time." But then we would talk and we would discover that actually, a car is a computer, it has a navigation system inside of it. And a dog -- a dog might not be a computer, but it has a collar and the collar might have a computer inside of it. And grocery stores, they have so many different kinds of computers, like the cashier system and the burglar alarms. And kids, you know what? In Japan, toilets are computers and there's even hackers who hack them. (Laughter)
Kada sam smišljala teze za Rubin svet, zaista sam morala da pitam decu kako vide svet i šta žele da pitaju i organizovala bih testiranje kroz razigrane sesije. Počela bih pokazivanjem ove četiri slike. Pokazala bih im sliku automobila, piljarnice, psa i šolje. I pitala bih: "Šta od ovoga mislite da je kompjuter?" A deca bi bila veoma konzervativna i rekla bi: "Ništa od ovog nije kompjuter. Znam šta je kompjuter: to je bleštava kutija ispred koje moji roditelji provode previše vremena." No, onda bismo razgovarali i otkrili bismo da je automobil zapravo kompjuter, unutar njega je sistem za navigaciju. A pas - pas možda nije kompjuter, ali ima ogrlicu, a ogrlica može da sadrži kompjuter u sebi. A piljarnice, u njima se nalazi mnogo različitih kompjutera, poput sistema kasa i alarma. A, deco, znate šta? U Japanu su WC šolje kompjuteri, čak postoje hakeri koji ih hakuju. (Smeh)
And we go further and I give them these little stickers with an on/off button on them. And I tell the kids, "Today you have this magic ability to make anything in this room into a computer." And again, the kids go, "Sounds really hard, I don't know the right answer for this." But I tell them, "Don't worry, your parents don't know the right answer, either. They've just started to hear about this thing called The Internet of Things. But you kids, you are going to be the ones who are really going to live up in a world where everything is a computer."
Idemo i dalje od toga, dajem im ove malene nalepnice sa "on" i "off" dugmetom. I kažem deci: "Danas imate ovu čarobnu sposobnost da sve u ovoj prostoriji pretvorite u kompjuter." I opet, deca će reći: "Zvuči zaista teško, ne znam pravi odgovor na to." Međutim, kažem im: "Ne brinite, ni vaši roditelji ne znaju pravi odgovor. Tek što su čuli za to nešto što se zove internetom od stvari. Ali vi, deco, vi ćete biti ti koji će zaista da dožive svet u kom je sve kompjuter."
And then I had this little girl who came to me and took a bicycle lamp and she said, "This bicycle lamp, if it were a computer, it would change colors." And I said, "That's a really good idea, what else could it do?" And she thinks and she thinks, and she goes, "If this bicycle lamp were a computer, we could go on a biking trip with my father and we would sleep in a tent and this biking lamp could also be a movie projector." And that's the moment I'm looking for, the moment when the kid realizes that the world is definitely not ready yet, that a really awesome way of making the world more ready is by building technology and that each one of us can be a part of that change.
A onda sam imala devojčicu koja mi je prišla i uzela svetlo za bicikl i rekla: "Kad bi ovo svetlo za bicikl bilo kompjuter, menjalo bi boje." A ja sam rekla: "To je sjajna ideja, šta bi još moglo da uradi?" I ona misli i misli i kaže: "Kad bi ovo svetlo za bicikl bilo kompjuter, mogli bismo da idemo sa ocem na putovanje biciklom i spavali bismo u šatoru, a ovo svetlo za bicikl bi moglo da bude projektor za filmove." A to je tren kom se radujem, tren u kom dete shvati da svet definitivno nije još gotov, da je zaista sjajan način da učinimo svet potpunijim stvaranje tehnologije i da svako od nas može da bude deo te promene.
Final story, we also built a computer. And we got to know the bossy CPU and the helpful RAM and ROM that help it remember things. And after we've assembled our computer together, we also design an application for it. And my favorite story is this little boy, he's six years old and his favorite thing in the world is to be an astronaut. And the boy, he has these huge headphones on and he's completely immersed in his tiny paper computer because you see, he's built his own intergalactic planetary navigation application. And his father, the lone astronaut in the Martian orbit, is on the other side of the room and the boy's important mission is to bring the father safely back to earth. And these kids are going to have a profoundly different view of the world and the way we build it with technology.
Poslednja priča; takođe smo napravili kompjuter. I upoznali smo zapovednika CPU i pomoćnike RAM-a i ROM-a koji su mu pomagali da pamti. I kada smo sastavili naš kompjuter, takođe smo dizajnirali aplikaciju za njega. A moja omiljena priča je o ovom dečačiću, on ima šest godina i najviše na svetu bi želeo da bude astronaut I dečak stavlja ove ogromne slušalice i potpuno je zaokupljen ovim malenim papirnim kompjuterom jer, vidite, on je sagradio sopstvenu međugalaktičku planetarnu aplikaciju za navigaciju. A njegov otac, usamljeni astronaut u Marsovoj orbiti, je na drugoj strani prostorije i dečakova važna misija je da vrati oca bezbedno na zemlju. A ova deca će da imaju istinski drugačije viđenje sveta i načina na koji ga gradimo uz pomoć tehnologije.
Finally, the more approachable, the more inclusive, and the more diverse we make the world of technology, the more colorful and better the world will look like. So, imagine with me, for a moment, a world where the stories we tell about how things get made don't only include the twentysomething-year-old Silicon Valley boys, but also Kenyan schoolgirls and Norwegian librarians. Imagine a world where the little Ada Lovelaces of tomorrow, who live in a permanent reality of 1s and 0s, they grow up to be very optimistic and brave about technology. They embrace the powers and the opportunities and the limitations of the world. A world of technology that is wonderful, whimsical and a tiny bit weird.
Naposletku, što pristupačnijim, inkluzivnijim, raznovrsnijim učinimo svet tehnologije, to će šarenolikije i bolje svet da izgleda. Stoga zamislite na tren sa mnom, svet u kom priče koje pričamo o tome kako se prave stvari, neće samo uključivati dvadesetogodišnje dečake iz Silikonske doline, već i učenice iz Kenije i bibliotekare iz Norveške. Zamislite svet u kom će buduće malene Ade Lavlejs, koje žive u trajnoj stvarnosti jedinica i nula, porasti i biti veoma optimistične i odvažne po pitanju tehnologije. Prigrliće moći i šanse i ograničenja sveta. Sveta tehnologije koji je čaroban, nepredvidljiv i malčice čudan.
When I was a girl, I wanted to be a storyteller. I loved make-believe worlds and my favorite thing to do was to wake up in the mornings in Moominvalley. In the afternoons, I would roam around the Tatooines. And in the evenings, I would go to sleep in Narnia. And programming turned out to be the perfect profession for me. I still create worlds. Instead of stories, I do them with code.
Kad sam bila mala, želela sam da budem pripovedačica. Volela sam kobajagi svetove i najviše sam volela da se budim ujutru u dolini Mumina. Posle podne bih lutala po Tatunima. A naveče bih zaspala u Narniji. A programiranje se ispostavilo kao savršena profesija za mene. I dalje sam stvarala svetove. Umesto pričanjem, ostvarujem ih kodiranjem.
Programming gives me this amazing power to build my whole little universe with its own rules and paradigms and practices. Create something out of nothing with the pure power of logic.
Programiranje mi daje tu neverovatnu moć da izgradim moj čitav maleni univerzum sa sopstvenim zakonima i paradigmama i običajima. Stvaranje nečeg iz ničeg, čistom snagom logike.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)