So a chip, a poet and a boy.
那么,一块芯片、一个诗人和一个男孩。
It's just about 20 years ago, June 1994, when Intel announced that there was a flaw at the core of their Pentium chip. Deep in the code of the SRT algorithm to calculate intermediate quotients necessary for iterative floating points of divisions -- I don't know what that means, but it's what it says on Wikipedia — there was a flaw and an error that meant that there was a certain probability that the result of the calculation would be an error, and the probability was one out of every 360 billion calculations. So Intel said your average spreadsheet would be flawed once every 27,000 years. They didn't think it was significant, but there was an outrage in the community. The community, the techies, said, this flaw has to be addressed. They were not going to stand by quietly as Intel gave them these chips. So there was a revolution across the world. People marched to demand -- okay, not really exactly like that — but they rose up and they demanded that Intel fix the flaw. And Intel set aside 475 million dollars to fund the replacement of millions of chips to fix the flaw. So billions of dollars in our society was spent to address a problem which would come once out of every 360 billion calculations.
大约20年前, 1994年6月,英特尔公司宣告 他们的奔腾芯片 存在一个瑕疵。 (这会让芯片在)运行 SRT 算法 计算迭代浮点数除法求中间商的运算中 出错。 我不知道这意味着什么,但维基百科告诉我—— 这是一种瑕疵,一个错误。 这意味着确有可能 在计算中将得到一个错误结果, 并且可能在3600亿次计算中 发生一次。 然而,英特尔宣称在你使用制表软件时 平均每27,000年才会遇到一次这个错误。 他们认为这个瑕疵影响不大, 但是这在当时引起了社会的公愤。 全社会、技术人员们忿忿不平: “这个瑕疵理应得到解决。” 他们没有袖手旁观, 因为英特尔给了他们这些有瑕疵的芯片。 于是,一场革命在世界各地蔓延开来, 人们纷纷游行示威。 好吧,其实也并完全是这样的。 但是,他们联合起来要求 英特尔修复瑕疵。 后来,英特尔被迫支出4.75亿美元 用于收回、修护数以百万计 存在瑕疵的芯片。 全社会花费了数十亿美元 去解决一个 每3600亿次运算出现一次 错误。
Number two, a poet. This is Martin Niemöller. You're familiar with his poetry. Around the height of the Nazi period, he started repeating the verse, "First they came for the communists, and I did nothing, did not speak out because I was not a communist. Then they came for the socialists. Then they came for the trade unions. Then they came for the Jews. And then they came for me. But there was no one left to speak for me." Now, Niemöller is offering a certain kind of insight. This is an insight at the core of intelligence. We could call it cluefulness. It's a certain kind of test: Can you recognize an underlying threat and respond? Can you save yourself or save your kind? Turns out ants are pretty good at this. Cows, not so much. So can you see the pattern? Can you see a pattern and then recognize and do something about it? Number two. Number three, a boy. This is my friend Aaron Swartz. He's Tim's friend. He's friends of many of you in this audience, and seven years ago, Aaron came to me with a question. It was just before I was going to give my first TED Talk. I was so proud. I was telling him about my talk, "Laws that choke creativity." And Aaron looked at me and was a little impatient, and he said, "So how are you ever going to solve the problems you're talking about? Copyright policy, Internet policy, how are you ever going to address those problems so long as there's this fundamental corruption in the way our government works?"
第二个故事,关于一个诗人。 他是马丁·尼莫拉。 你一定很熟悉他的诗。 在纳粹集权时代, 他开始向人们重复这样的诗句, “他们追杀共产主义者的时候, 我没有说话, 因为我不是共产主义者; 接着他们追杀社会主义者; 追杀工会成员; 又追杀犹太人; 最后他们奔我而来, 但是已经没有人能为我说话了。” 现在,尼莫拉是在给我们提供某种洞悉。 这是一种对于智慧核心的洞悉。 我们可以称它为“智能”。 这是某种测试: 你能否辨别 潜在的威胁和响应? 你能否拯救你自己和你的同类? 实际上,蚂蚁非常擅长于此。 然而,牛却表现平平。 那么,你能够看出这些规律吗? 你能否看出这些规律然后认出来 并且尝试去做一些事情改变它?这是第二个故事。 第三个故事,关于一个男孩。 这是好朋友艾伦·斯沃兹。 他也是提姆的朋友。 他也是许多在座听众的朋友, 七年前, 艾伦抛给我一个问题, 就在我第一次 TED 演讲之前。 我很自豪,在和他讲述我的演讲 《阻碍创造力的法律》。 然而艾伦看着我 似乎有些不耐烦,然后他说: “那么你有没有试图 去解决你说的那些问题呢? 版权政策、互联网政策, 你准备怎样去解决这些 存在于政府运作中的 基本的腐败所带来的问题?
So I was a little put off by this. He wasn't sharing in my celebration. And I said to him, "You know, Aaron, it's not my field, not my field."
他的话让我有一点失落 他并没有分享我的喜悦, 接着,我跟他说:“艾伦,你知道, 这不是我的领域,不是我的领域。”
He said, "You mean as an academic, it's not your field?"
他说:“你的意思作为一个学者,这不是你的领域?”
I said, "Yeah, as an academic, it's not my field."
我说:“对,作为一个学者,这不是我的领域。”
He said, "What about as a citizen? As a citizen."
他说:“那么作为一个公民呢? 作为一个公民。”
Now, this is the way Aaron was. He didn't tell. He asked questions. But his questions spoke as clearly as my four-year-old's hug. He was saying to me, "You've got to get a clue. You have got to get a clue, because there is a flaw at the core of the operating system of this democracy, and it's not a flaw every one out of 360 billion times our democracy tries to make a decision. It is every time, every single important issue. We've got to end the bovinity of this political society. We've got to adopt, it turns out, the word is fourmi-formatic attitude -- that's what the Internet tells me the word is -- the ant's appreciative attitude that gets us to recognize this flaw, save our kind and save our demos.
你看,这就是艾伦为人处世的方式 他并不说,而是提问。 但是他问题掷地有声, 如同我四岁时的一个拥抱。 他告诉我, “你得自己去寻找线索。 你得自己去找到线索,因为 这是我们民主政治系统核心的一个瑕疵 并且,我们的民主并非每3600万次 尝试表决才会重现这个瑕疵。 它时刻存在, 存在于每一个重要的论点上。 我们必须结束这种政治社会中牛性的顺从思维 我们必须采取行动, 通过蚁式的思维方式来思考政治 这就是英特尔公司告诉我们的 蚁式的思维态度 来帮助我们认识到这个缺陷 去拯救我们的孩子和我们的民主
Now if you know Aaron Swartz, you know that we lost him just over a year ago. It was about six weeks before I gave my TED Talk, and I was so grateful to Chris that he asked me to give this TED Talk, not because I had the chance to talk to you, although that was great, but because it pulled me out of an extraordinary depression. I couldn't begin to describe the sadness. Because I had to focus. I had to focus on, what was I going to say to you? It saved me.
如果你认识艾伦斯沃兹 你知道他已经离开了我们 就在一年前 就在我到TED演讲前的六个礼拜 现在我非常感激 克里斯邀请我来到TED演讲 并不是因为我有机会跟你们分享我的演讲 尽管这也很伟大 但是因为它把我从一种巨大的压抑中拉了出来 我不能总是宣泄我的悲伤 因为我必须要投注全部注意到真正重要的问题上 那就是我能为你们讲一些什么 这件事拯救了我
But after the buzz, the excitement, the power that comes from this community, I began to yearn for a less sterile, less academic way to address these issues, the issues that I was talking about. We'd begun to focus on New Hampshire as a target for this political movement, because the primary in New Hampshire is so incredibly important. It was a group called the New Hampshire Rebellion that was beginning to talk about, how would we make this issue of this corruption central in 2016? But it was another soul that caught my imagination, a woman named Doris Haddock, aka Granny D. On January 1, 1999, 15 years ago, at the age of 88, Granny D started a walk. She started in Los Angeles and began to walk to Washington, D.C. with a single sign on her chest that said, "campaign finance reform." Eighteen months later, at the age of 90, she arrived in Washington with hundreds following her, including many congressmen who had gotten in a car and driven out about a mile outside of the city to walk in with her. (Laughter)
在脑中嗡嗡作响数秒之后 一种来自这个社会的令人兴奋的力量喷涌而来 我开始期待用一种趣味性的、 活泼的方式去谈论这些 我和你们讨论的话题 我们开始投入注意力到新罕布什尔州去 我们建立达到这个州政治进步的目标 因为这对于在新罕布什尔州的大选来说 具有难以置信的重要意义 这个小组叫 新罕布什尔州反抗小组 我们开始讨论如何在2016年 针对这个腐败中心引发社会的争论 但是有另外一个点子勾起了我的想象 一个叫做多丽丝哈多克,我们通常也叫她D奶奶 在15年前的1999年1月1号, 当她88岁的时候,她开始了一场徒步行走 她从洛杉矶出发 计划走到华盛顿特区 她胸牌上写着一个简单的口号 “竞选财务改革” 18个月后 当她90岁的时候 她和几百个追随她的人一起来到了华盛顿特区 其中包括了许多开车前往的国会议员 他们甚至开出城区一公里 放下车和她一起结伴步行 (笑)
Now, I don't have 13 months to walk across the country. I've got three kids who hate to walk, and a wife who, it turns out, still hates when I'm not there for mysterious reasons, so this was not an option, but the question I asked, could we remix Granny D a bit? What about a walk not of 3,200 miles but of 185 miles across New Hampshire in January?
对我来说,我没有13个月的时间 可以让我横穿整个国家 我有三个很讨厌步行的孩子 和一个事实证明仍然很讨厌 我因为神秘理由不在家的妻子 所以对我来说没有机会(去做这件事) 但是我有一个问题 我们是否能够中和D奶奶的想法一些 一场3200公里的徒步如何? 或者是一场185公里的 在一月份横跨新罕布什尔州步行活动怎么样?
So on January 11, the anniversary of Aaron's death, we began a walk that ended on January 24th, the day that Granny D was born. A total of 200 people joined us across this walk, as we went from the very top to the very bottom of New Hampshire talking about this issue. And what was astonishing to me, something I completely did not expect to find, was the passion and anger that there was among everyone that we talked to about this issue. We had found in a poll that 96 percent of Americans believe it important to reduce the influence of money in politics. Now politicians and pundits tell you, there's nothing we can do about this issue, Americans don't care about it, but the reason for that is that 91 percent of Americans think there's nothing that can be done about this issue. And it's this gap between 96 and 91 that explains our politics of resignation. I mean, after all, at least 96 percent of us wish we could fly like Superman, but because at least 91 percent of us believe we can't, we don't leap off of tall buildings every time we have that urge. That's because we accept our limits, and so too with this reform. But when you give people the sense of hope, you begin to thaw that absolute sense of impossibility. As Harvey Milk said, if you give 'em hope, you give 'em a chance, a way to think about how this change is possible. Hope. And hope is the one thing that we, Aaron's friends, failed him with, because we let him lose that sense of hope. I loved that boy like I love my son. But we failed him. And I love my country, and I'm not going to fail that. I'm not going to fail that. That sense of hope, we're going to hold, and we're going to fight for, however impossible this battle looks.
追随这个想法,在1月11号 艾伦忌日的那天 我们开始了这项活动 直到 1月24号D奶奶生日那天 总共有200个人和我们一起经历了这项徒步行走 我们翻越和行走在新罕布什尔州的山脉和河流 在此过程中我们讨论竞选财务腐败问题 令我们惊讶的是 当我们讨论这些问题时,那些我从来没有预想到的 存在于我们每一个人身体中激情和愤怒 被激发出来了 有一项名义调查,96%的美国人 相信削减金钱在政治上的影响 会对美国社会非常重要 而当今的政界人士和学者却告诉你 他们对于这个问题束手无策 因为美国人民并不关心这个, 但是,他们不关心这件事的原因是因为 91%的美国人 认为对于这个问题是没有解决的方法的 这里有一个96%和91%之间存在的缺口 来解释了我们政治上顺从不反抗的原因 我的意思是,毕竟至少我们当中96%的人们 希望我们能像超人一样飞翔 但是至少有91%的人却不相信我们可以飞翔 我们并不能每次从高楼大厦之间跳跃飞翔 我们有的仅仅是这个冲动 这就是为什么我们接受了自己的局限的原因 而这一改革也是如此 但是当你给民众这种希望的感觉的时候 你已经开始消融了这种不可能性的感觉 正如哈维米克尔说的那样,如果你给予一个希望 给予一种机会,一种思考的方式 关于改变的可能性 那就是希望 而”希望“这样东西 我们作为艾伦的朋友却没能给予他的 因为我们让他失去了这种希望的感觉 我如同爱自己的儿子一样爱着他 但是最终我们却让他失望 我热爱我的国家 但我不想让我的国家失望 我不能让它失望 我们向往能够拥有这种希望的感觉 我们希望因此去为那些 尽管看起来不可能胜利的斗争而战斗
What's next? Well, we started with this march with 200 people, and next year, there will be 1,000 on different routes that march in the month of January and meet in Concord to celebrate this cause, and then in 2016, before the primary, there will be 10,000 who march across that state, meeting in Concord to celebrate this cause. And as we have marched, people around the country have begun to say, "Can we do the same thing in our state?" So we've started a platform called G.D. Walkers, that is, Granny D walkers, and Granny D walkers across the country will be marching for this reform. Number one. Number two, on this march, one of the founders of Thunderclap, David Cascino, was with us, and he said, "Well what can we do?" And so they developed a platform, which we are announcing today, that allows us to pull together voters who are committed to this idea of reform. Regardless of where you are, in New Hampshire or outside of New Hampshire, you can sign up and directly be informed where the candidates are on this issue so you can decide who to vote for as a function of which is going to make this possibility real. And then finally number three, the hardest. We're in the age of the Super PAC. Indeed yesterday, Merriam announced that Merriam-Webster will have Super PAC as a word. It is now an official word in the dictionary. So on May 1, aka May Day, we're going to try an experiment. We're going to try a launching of what we can think of as a Super PAC to end all Super PACs. And the basic way this works is this. For the last year, we have been working with analysts and political experts to calculate, how much would it cost to win enough votes in the United States Congress to make fundamental reform possible? What is that number? Half a billion? A billion? What is that number? And then whatever that number is, we are going to kickstart, sort of, because you can't use KickStarter for political work, but anyway, kickstart, sort of, first a bottom-up campaign where people will make small dollar commitments contingent on reaching very ambitious goals, and when those goals have been reached, we will turn to the large dollar contributors, to get them to contribute to make it possible for us to run the kind of Super PAC necessary to win this issue, to change the way money influences politics, so that on November 8, which I discovered yesterday is the day that Aaron would have been 30 years old, on November 8, we will celebrate 218 representatives in the House and 60 Senators in the United States Senate who have committed to this idea of fundamental reform.
接下来我们做了什么呢 首先,我们开始了一场200个人的游行 第二年更多的人加入进来,他们在一月的时候 行走在不同的线路上 而这个人数将有可能到达1000人 他们最后将康科德相遇去庆祝这项活动 紧接着2016年,大选之前 将会有1万人横跨新罕布什尔州 最终在康科德相遇去庆祝这项活动 当我们开始游行的时候,来自不同国家的人们 开始讨论,我们能不能够在我们自己的州 做同样的事情 所以我们开始了一个叫做G.D. Walkers的平台 这代表着 Granny D Walkers G.D. 步行者们 将会为这个改革而游行 第二,在今年三月 其中一个雷霆的创始人,戴维卡西诺 跟我们一起参与步行 然后他说,我们能真正做些什么? 然后他们创立了一个平台 目的是 创造机会让我们把所有 有志于这种想法的投票民众联合起来。 不管你在哪儿 在不在新罕布什尔州 你可以注册并直接收到 那些候选人关于竞选资本问题上的信息 根据这个你可以选择你应该将票投向谁 这个平台将把最初可能性构想 转化为真实可能的平台 最后第三,也是最难的 我们正在经历超级资本的时代 事实上昨天,韦氏字典宣告 韦氏字典将会将超级PAC收录到词典中 现在它成为一个官方认可的词汇了 在5月1日,也就是国际劳动节 我们将开始一项实验 我们将尝试推出一项 可以帮助我们思考的计划 来帮助我们结束超级筹款机的垄断 这也是这项工作最根本的地方 在过去的一年里,我们已经开始 和分析家们、政治专家一起 计算政客为在大选重赢得足够选票 而可能滋生的资本腐败中金钱数额 那么这个数字是多少呢?500万?1000万? 这个数字到底是什么呢? 不管这个数字是多少 我们将启动众筹网 因为你不可能使用众筹网去做政治工作 但是不管如何,各种各样的众筹网 是第一个自下而上的运动 人们可以花费很少的钱 去帮助达到一个非常有野心的目标 当这些目标已经达成 我们将会得到很大的经济收益 去帮助他们实现可能 对我们来说去经营超级PAC 来赢得胜利非常必要 去改变金钱影响政治的方式 因此在11月8日 我昨天发现 假如艾伦依然健在,选举日那一天将会是他30岁生日 在11月8号这天 我们将会庆祝 承担这项改革使命的218为白宫代表和60位国会议员
So last night, we heard about wishes. Here's my wish. May one. May the ideals of one boy unite one nation behind one critical idea that we are one people, we are the people who were promised a government, a government that was promised to be dependent upon the people alone, the people, who, as Madison told us, meant not the rich more than the poor. May one. And then may you, may you join this movement, not because you're a politician, not because you're an expert, not because this is your field, but because if you are, you are a citizen. Aaron asked me that. Now I've asked you.
昨晚,我们听到了许多美好的期望 这是我的期望 可能仅仅是一个 来自一个男孩 对国家团结的思考带来的一个想法 但我们是站在一起的人 我们有权获得一个政府 一个聆听民众之需求和呼吁 的政府 正如麦迪森所说 不是富人,也不仅仅是穷人 希望你加入到这项改革中来 不是因为你是一个政客 不是因为你是一个专家 也不是因为这是你擅长的领域 而是因为你是 一位美国公民 这是艾伦问我的 就是现在我在问你的
Thank you very much.
非常感谢
(Applause)
(掌声)