Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option, which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken? Now most people would answer grilled, and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories. However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger. The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines -- specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine, or PhIP -- (laughter) which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.
Lauren Hodž: Ukoliko ste u restoranu, i želite zdraviji izbor hrane, šta biste naručili, prženu piletinu ili piletinu na žaru? Većina ljudi bi rekla piletinu na žaru, istina je da piletina na žaru sadrži manje masti i kalorija. Međutim, isto tako krije u sebi opasne materije. A to su heterociklični amini, odnosno feno-metil-imidazopiridin, ili FmIP- (smeh) to je imunogeno i kancerogeno jedinjenje.
A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, which can also cause them to metastasize or spread. They are also organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with a more complex group. Studies show that antioxidants are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines. However, no studies exist yet that show how or why. These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens. And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe, which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.
Karcinogen je svaka supstanca ili reagens koja uzrukuje nekontrolisan rast ćelija, što može dovesti do metastaziranja i širenja po telu. To su takođe organska jedinjenja u kojima je jedan ili više atoma vodonika ili amonijačne grupe zamenjena složenijom grupom. Istraživanja su pokazala da antioksidansi snižavaju nivo ovih heterocikličnih amina. Međutim, ni jedna studija do sada nije objasnila kako ili zašto to čine. Ovde je predstavljeno pet organizacija koje klasifikuju karcinogene. Kao što vidite, ni jedna od organizacija ih ne smatra zdravim, a to opravdava potrebu da smanjimo njihovu količinu u ishrani.
Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea. And I was led to it through a series of events. I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office -- (Laughter) which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine and seven different fast food restaurants. They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken, but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65, which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products then the companies had to give a clear warning.
Možda se pitate kako je trinaestogodišnja devojčica došla do te ideje. Čitav niz događaja me je doveo do te tačke. Prvi put sam čula o tome čitajući o sudskom procesu u ordinaciji mog doktora, (smeh) koji je vodio Odbor lekara za odgovornu medicinu protiv sedam različitih lanaca brze hrane. Nisu ih tužili usled toga što u njihovoj piletini ima kancerogena, već zbog Propozicije 65 u Kalifroniji da kompanije moraju da istaknu jasno upozorenje ukoliko bilo šta štetno postoji u njihovoj hrani.
So I was very surprised about this. And I was wondering why nobody knew more about this dangerous grilled chicken, which doesn't seem very harmful. But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner, and I noticed that the edges of the chicken, which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white. And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing, which is where the proteins will change shape and lose their ability to chemically function. So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis, saying that, could possibly the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade and could it be due to the differences in PH?
To me je iznenadilo. Pitala sam se zašto niko nije znao malo više o ovoj opasnoj piletini na žaru, a koja ne deluje tako štetno. Potom sam jedne večeri dok je moja majka pripremala piletinu na žaru za večeru uočila da su krajevi piletine koji su bili potopljeni u soku od limuna pobeleli. Nešto kasnije na nastavi biologije sam naučila da se to dešava u procesu denaturacije, proces pri kojem proteini menjaju svoj oblik i gube hemijsku funkcionalnost. Spojila sam ove dve ideje i formulisala hipotezu koja pita da li je moguće da se količina karcinogena smanjuje pri mariniranju i da li se to dešava usled razlike u pH vrednosti?
So my idea was born, and I had the project set up and a hypothesis, so what was my next step? Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at because I didn't have the equipment in my school. I thought this would be easy, but I emailed about 200 different people within a five-hour radius of where I lived, and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me. Most of the others either never responded back, said they didn't have the time or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me. So it was a big commitment to drive to the lab to work multiple times. However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab -- so I could finally start my project.
Dakle, ideja je rođena, uspostavila sam projekat i hipotezu, i šta je bio sledeći korak? Naravno, trebalo je da pronađem laboratoriju za taj rad jer nismo imali opremu za to u školi. Mislila sam da će to biti lako, ali sam na kraju poslala mejl na 200 različitih adresa, u radijusu od 5 sati vožnje u odnosu na mesto gde sam živela, a dobila samo jedan potvrdan odgovor, da bi oni mogli da rade sa mnom. Većina preostalih ljudi ili nije nikada odgovorila, ili su mi rekli da nemaju vremena, ili nisu imali opremu i nisu zato mogli da mi pomognu. Zahtevalo je veliku posvećenost ta vožnja do laboratorije mnogo puta kako bih to uradila. Međutim, bila je to i sjajna prilika da radim u stvarnoj laboratoriji, tako da sam napokon mogla da počnem sa projektom.
The first stage was completed at home, which consisted of marinating the chicken, grilling the chicken, amassing it and preparing it to be transported to the lab. The second stage was completed at the Penn State University main campus lab, which is where I extracted the chemicals, changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment and separated the compounds I needed from the rest of the chicken. The final stages, when I ran the samples through a high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometer, which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had in my chicken.
Prvu faza sam završila kod kuće, a to je mariniranje piletine, grilovanje piletine, sakupljanje dovoljne količine i pripremu za transport do laboratorije. Drugu fazu sam završila u laboratoriji glavnog odeljenja Pen Univerziteta, tamo sam izolovala hemikalije, menjala pH vrednost kako bih mogla da koristim opremu i odvojila sam jedinjenja koja su mi bila potrebna iz ostatka piletine. U finalnim fazama sam analizirala uzorke uz pomoć likvidne hromatografije i mas-spektroskopije pod visokim pritiskom, koje omogućavaju razdvajanje jedinjenja i analizu hemikalija i tačno odrede koliko je karcinogena bilo u mojoj piletini.
So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results, because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients actually inhibited the carcinogen formation. When compared with the unmarinated chicken, which is what I used as my control, I found that lemon juice worked by far the best, which decreased the carcinogens by about 98 percent. The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade also worked very well, decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent. Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation, but it was nearly negligible. And the soy sauce results were inconclusive because of the large data range, but it seems like soy sauce actually increased the potential carcinogens.
Kada sam analizirala podatke, dobila sam veoma iznenađujuće rezultate, jer sam otkrila da četiri od pet sastojaka za mariniranje u principu inhibiraju stvaranje karcinogena. Upoređivanjem nemarinirane piletine, a to je bila kontrola u eksperimentu, zaključila sam da sok od limuna ima najbolje dejstvo, smanjio je nivo karcinogena za 98 odsto. Preliv od slane vode i preliv od žutog šećera su se isto pokazali dobro, snižavajući nivo karcinogena za oko 60 odsto. Maslinovo ulje je neznatno smanjilo stvaranje FmIP-a, ali je uticaj bio zanemarljiv. Rezultati o efektu sosa od soje su bili neinformativni, jer je postojala velika varijacija u uzorku, ali deluje kao da sos od soje u principu povećava sadržaj karcinogena.
Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially was the time cooked. And I found that if you increase the time cooked, the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases. So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this, is to, not under-cook, but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken, and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.
Još jedan značajan faktor koji na početku nisam uzimala u obzir je trajanje kuvanja. Pronašla sam da je vreme kuvanja proporcionalno količini karcinogena u jelu. Na osnovu ovih rezultata, najbolji način za mariniranje piletine nije da je kraće kuvate, ali svakako nije ni da je prekuvate ili užarite, i potom je prelijete limunovim sokom, žutim šećerom ili slanom vodom.
(Applause)
(aplauz)
Based on these findings, I have a question for you. Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet that could potentially save your life? Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated, you're definitely going to catch cancer and die. However, anything you can do to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.
Na osnovu ovih podataka, postavila bih vam pitanje. Da li biste bili raspoloženi da uvedete jednostavnu promenu u svojoj ishrani koja bi mogla da vam spasi život? Ja ne kažem da ćete sigurno oboleti od raka i umreti ukoliko jedete piletinu na žaru koja nije marinirana. Međutim, bilo šta što uradite a što može smanjiti rizik od izlaganja karcinogenima svakako može poboljšati vaš kvalitet života.
Is it worth it to you? How will you cook your chicken now?
Da li je to vama dovoljno dobro? Kako ćete pripremati sada piletinu?
(Applause)
(aplauz)
Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose. I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner and then the grand prize winner. And I want all of you to imagine a little girl holding a dead blue spinach plant. And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you that little kids will eat their vegetables if they're different colors. Sounds ridiculous, right. But that was me years ago. And that was my first science fair project. It got a bit more complicated from there. My older brother Panaki Bose spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me when I barely understood basic algebra. My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects, including a remote controlled garbage can.
Šri Boz: Zdrvo svima. Ja sam Šri Boz. Ja sam pobednik u kategoriji od 17-18 godina i osvajač glavne nagrade. Želim da svi vi zamislite devojčicu kako drži u rukama tamno plavi spanać. Ona stoji ispred vas i objašnjava vam kako bi deca jela povrće ukoliko je drukčije boje. Zvuči smešno, zar ne? Ali, to sam bila je pre mnogo godina. To je bio moj prvi projekat na sajmu nauke. Nakon toga je postalo malo komplikovanije. Moj stariji brat Panaki Boz je provodio sate objašnjavajući mi sve o atomima kada sam jedva razumela osnove algebre. Moji roditelji su istrpeli mnogo mojih projekata za sajam nauke, uključujući i kantu za đubre koja radi na upravljač.
(Laughter)
(smeh)
And then came the summer after my freshman year, when my grandfather passed away due to cancer. And I remember watching my family go through that and thinking that I never wanted another family to feel that kind of loss. So, armed with all the wisdom of freshman year biology, I decided I wanted to do cancer research at 15. Good plan. So I started emailing all of these professors in my area asking to work under their supervision in a lab. Got rejected by all except one. And then went on, my next summer, to work under Dr. Basu at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas. And that is where the research began.
A onda je nastupilo leto nakon moje brucoške godine kada je rak ubio mog dedu. Sećam se da sam posmatrala svoju porodicu kako prolazi kroz sve to i pomislila sam kako ne želim da i jedna porodica doživi takav gubitak. Naoružana svom tom mudrošću nakon prve godine biologije, odlučila sam da želim da se bavim istraživanjem raka sa 15 godina. Dobar plan. Počela sam da šaljem mejlove svim profesorima u mojoj okolini raspitivajući se za mogućnost da radim u njihovoj laboratoriji. Svi su me odbili, sem jednog. A onda sam, sledećeg leta, otišla da radim pod supervizijom Dr. Basu u Zdravstvenom centru Univerziteta Severnog Teksasa u Fort Vortu u Teksasu. Tamo je istraživanje počelo.
So ovarian cancer is one of those cancers that most people don't know about, or at least don't pay that much attention to. But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. In fact, one in 70 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. One in 100 will die from it. Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways used to treat cancer today, involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals to try and kill off cancer cells.
Rak jajnika je tip raka o kom mnogi ljudi ne znaju, ili barem ne obraćaju pažnju na to. Ali je čak peti po redu uzrok smrti usled raka kod žena u Sjedinjenim Državama. Činjenica je da će jednoj od 70 žena biti dijagnostikovan rak jajnika. Jedna od sto će umreti od toga. Hemoterapija, jedna od najefektnijih tretmana za lečenje raka danas, podrazumeva davanje visokih doza hemikalija pacijentima kako bismo pokušali da ubijemo ćelije raka.
Cisplatin is a relatively common ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug -- a relatively simple molecule made in the lab that messes with the DNA of cancer cells and causes them to kill themselves. Sounds great, right? But here's the problem: sometimes patients become resistant to the drug, and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free, they come back. And this time, they no longer respond to the drug. It's a huge problem. In fact, it's one of the biggest problems with chemotherapy today.
Cisplatin je opšti lek koji se primenjuje u hemoterapiji pri lečenju raka jajnika to je relativno jednostavan molekul napravljen u laboratoriji koji interferira sa DNK ćelija raka i navodi te ćelije na samoubistvo. Zvuči odlično, zar ne? Ali u ovome je problem dešava se da pacijenti razviju otpornost na lek, i godinama nakon momenta kada im je rečeno da su izlečeni, rak se povrati. U tom slučaju, pacijenti više ne reaguju na taj lek. To je ogroman problem. U principu, to je i najveći problem danas u hemoterapiji.
So we wanted to figure out how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant to this drug called Cisplatin. And we wanted to figure this out, because if we could figure that out, then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening. So that's what we set out to do. And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase, an energy protein. So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein, and we saw this huge shift. I mean, on the slide, you can see that on our sensitive side, these cells that are responding to the drug, when we start blocking the protein, the number of dying cells -- those colored dots -- they're going down. But then on this side, with the same treatment, they're going up -- interesting.
Želeli smo da shvatimo kako ove ćelije raka jajnika razvijaju rezistentnost na lek Cisplatin. Želeli smo to da shvatimo, jer ako to razumemo, onda bismo možda bili u stanju da sprečimo razvijanje rezistentnosti. To je ono što smo hteli da uradimo. Mislili smo da je protein, AMP kinaza, uključen u taj proces, to je protein uključen u proizvodnju energije. Odradili smo sve ove testove kako bismo blokirali protein, i uočili smo ovu ogromnu razliku. Na ovom slajdu možete videti da na strani gde su osetljive ćelije one reaguju na lek, kada počnemo da blokiramo protein, dolazi do smanjenja broja ćelija koje umiru, to su ove obojene tačke. Ali na ovom delu, uz isti tretman broj se povećava, interesantno.
But those are dots on a screen for you; what exactly does that mean? Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell. And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves to make the cells resistant. And that's huge. In fact, it means that if a patient comes in and they're resistant to this drug, then if we give them a chemical to block this protein, then we can treat them again with the same drug. And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness -- possibly for many different types of cancer. So that was my work, and it was my way of reimagining the future for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does, but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness -- so maybe all grandfathers with cancer have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.
Ovo su za vas tačke na ekranu, šta to tačno znači? To u suštini znači da se ovaj protein menja kod osetljivih i rezistentnih ćelija. U principu, možda menja i same ćelije i čini ih rezistentnim. To je ogromno otkriće. To u principu znači da ukoliko je pacijent otporan na lek, mi ćemo biti u stanju da ga lečimo istim lekom, ukoliko mu damo hemikaliju koja blokira ovaj protein. Ovo je ogroman korak u usavršavanju hemoterapije, moguće za mnoge različite vrste raka. To je moje delo, tako ja zamišljanjam budućnost za buduća istraživanja, razumevanje onoga šta tačno taj protein radi, ali to je i put razvoja efektnosti hemoterapije, tako da će možda sve deke koje boluju od raka provesti malo više vremena sa svojim unucima.
But my work wasn't just about the research. It was about finding my passion. That's why being the grand prize winner of the Google Global Science Fair -- cute picture, right -- it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor. And ever since then, I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff -- from getting to meet the president to getting to be on this stage to talk to all of you guys.
Moj rad ne predstavlja samo moje istraživanje. Radi se o pronalaženju moje strasti. Zbog toga je osvajanje glavne nagrade na Guglovom Sajmu nauke, dobra slika, zar ne- meni toliko značilo i predstavlja mi veliku čast. Od tod trenutka sam bila u prilici da se nađem u veoma kul situacijama, od upoznavanja predsednika do toga da sam sada na ovoj bini i pričam sa vama.
But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research, it was about finding my passion, and it was about making my own opportunities when I didn't even know what I was doing. It was about inspiration and determination and never giving up on my interest for science and learning and growing. After all, my story begins with a dried, withered spinach plant and it's only getting better from there.
Ali kao što sam rekla, moje putovanje ne predstavlja samo istraživanje, to je put pronalaženja moje strasti, i to je način kreiranja sopstvenih prilika u momentima kada čak nisam ni znala šta radim. Tu se radi o inspiraciji, i posvećenosti i neodustajanja od mojih interesvoanja prema nauci, učenju i razvitku. Na kraju, moja priča počinje sa osušenim, oštećenim spanaćem i od tada je postajalo samo bolje.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(aplauz)
Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah, and today I'll be talking to you about my research involving indoor air quality and asthmatic patients. 1.6 million deaths worldwide. One death every 20 seconds. People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors. And the economic burden of asthma exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined. Now these statistics had a huge impact on me, but what really sparked my interest in my research was watching both my dad and my brother suffer from chronic allergies year-round. It confused me; why did these allergy symptoms persist well past the pollen season?
Naomi Ša: Zdravo svima. Ja sam Naomi Ša, i pričaću vam o svom istraživanju kvaliteta vazduha u zatvorenom prostoru i pacijentima koji boluju od astme. Od toga umre 1.6 miliona ljudi širom sveta. Svakih 20 sekundi neko umre zbog toga. Ljudi provedu više od 90 odsto vremena u zatvorenom prostoru. Ekonomska šteta koju astma nanosi je veća od uticaja HIV-a i tuberkuloze zajedno. Ovi podaci su značajno uticali na mene, ali ono što me je zaista zainteresovalo za istraživanje jeste patnja moga oca i brata koji se bore sa hroničnim alregijama tokom cele godine. To me je zbunilo, zašto simptomi alergije ne nestanu nakon završetka sezone polena?
With this question in mind, I started researching, and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit. As soon as I realized this, I investigated the underlying relationship between four prevalent air pollutants and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients. At first, I just wanted to figure out which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients. But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model that essentially quantifies the effect of these environmental pollutants on the lung health of asthmatic patients. And it surprises me that no model currently exists that quantifies the effect of environmental factors on human lung health, because that relationship seems so important.
Ovim pitanjem sam započela istraživanja i ubrzo sam shvatila da su zagađivači vazduha u zatvorenom prostoru glavni krivci. Čim sam to shvatila, počela sam da istražujem odnos između glavnih zagađivača vazduha i efekta koji imaju na pluća asmatičara. Na početku sam samo želela da shvatim koji od ova četiri zagađivača imaju najsnažniji negativni uticaj na zdravlje pluća asmatičara. Ubrzo nakon toga razvila sam novi matematički model koji u suštini kvantifikuje efekat ovih zagađivača sredine na zdravlje pluća asmatičara. Iznenađuje me to što takav model nije postojao do danas, model koji bi merio efekat faktora sredine na zdravlje pluća ljudi, s obzirom na to da se ta veza čini značajnom.
So with that in mind, I started researching more, I started investigating more, and I became very passionate. Because I realized that if we could find a way to target remediation, we could also find a way to treat asthmatic patients more effectively. For example, volatile organic compounds are chemical pollutants that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces. They're everywhere. These chemical pollutants are currently not a criteria air pollutant, as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act. Which is surprising to me, because these chemical pollutants, through my research, I show that they had a very large negative impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients and thus should be regulated.
Imajući to u vidu počela sam da istražujem više, da pronalazim više, i postala sam veoma obuzeta time. Shvatila sam da ukoliko bismo našli način da targetiramo štetni uticaj, mogli bismo i da nađemo način da lečimo asmatičare efektnije. Na primer, isparljiva organska jedinjenja su hemijski zagađivači kojih ima u našim školama, kućama i radnom mestu. Posvuda se nalaze. Ovi hemijski zagađivači se ne nalaze na listi registrovanih zagađivača, po kriterijumima akta "Čist vazduh" Sjedinjenih Država. To me iznenađuje, jer sam kroz svoje istraživanje shvatila da ovi hemijski zagađivači imaju izrazito loš uticaj na zdravlje pluća asmatičara i usled toga bi trebalo da budu regulisani.
So today I want to show you my interactive software model that I created. I'm going to show it to you on my laptop. And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today, Julie. And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered into my interactive software model. And this can be used by anyone. So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes, or someone who's really close to you who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder. So Julie's going to her doctor's office to get treated for her asthma. And the doctor has her sit down, and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate -- which is essentially her exhalation rate, or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.
Danas želim da vam pokažem interaktivni model softvera koji sam izumela. Prikazaću ga na svom laptopu. Moj volonter je u publici danas, Džuli. Svi Džilini podaci su ubačeni u moj interaktivni model softvera. Ovo svako može da koristi. Želim da zamislite da ste Džuli, ili neko ko vam je veoma blizak, a pati od astme ili druge bolesti pluća. Džuli odlazi kod svog lekara kako bi dobila lek za astmu. Doktor je posadi na stolicu, i analizira njen maksimalni kapacitet plućnog izdisaja, to je jačina njenog izdaha, ili količina vazduha koji ona pri jednom izdahu izbaci iz pluća.
So that peak expiratory flow rate, I've entered it up into the interactive software model. I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height. I've assumed that she lives in an average household with average air pollutant levels. So any user can come in here and click on "lung function report" and it'll take them to this report that I created. And this report really drives home the crux of my research.
Tako da sam ja u ovaj interaktivni model softvera unela kapacitet njenog izdisaja. Unela sam takođe njene godine, pol i visinu. Pretpostavila sam da živi u prosečnom domaćinstvu sa prosečnom količinom zagađivača vazduha. Tako da bilo koji korisnik može samo da klikne na dugme "izveštaj o radu pluća" i to će ga usmeriti na ovaj izveštaj koji sam kreirala. Ovaj izveštaj je zaista najvažniji aspekat mog istraživanja.
So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner -- it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate in the yellow bar. This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office. In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph, it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate, what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be based on her age, gender and height. So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar, and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids, medication and inhalers."
Ono što ovde vidite, ukoliko se fokusirate na gornji grafik u desnom uglu, jeste Džulin izmereni kapacitet izdisaja predstavljen žutom bojom. To je merenje koje je sproveo njen lekar. U plavoj boji na dnu samog grafika, vidite koliki bi maksimalan kapacitet izdisaja, njena stopa izdisaja ili funkcionalnost pluća trebalo da budu na osnovu njenih godina, pola i visine. Tako da lekar može uočiti razliku između žutog i plavog grafika i zaključi: "Opa, moramo primeniti steroide, lekove i inhalatore."
But I want everyone here to reimagine a world where instead of prescribing steroids, inhalers and medication, the doctor turns to Julie and says, "Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters. Clean out the air ducts in your home, in your workplace, in your school. Stop the use of incense and candles. And if you're remodeling your house, take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring." Because these solutions are natural, these solutions are sustainable, and these solutions are long-term investments -- long-term investments that we're making for our generation and for future generations. Because these environmental solutions that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school are impacting everyone that lives around her.
Želim da svi zamislite svet u kom će, umesto prepisivanja steroida, inhalatora i lekova, doktor reći Džuli sledeće: "Zašto ne biste otišli kući i zamenili filtere za vazduh. Očistite provodnike vazduha u kući, na vašem radnom mestu, u školi. Nemojte koristiti tamjan i sveće. Ukoliko renovirate svoj dom, izbacite sve tepihe i postavite drveni parket." To govorim jer su rešenja u prirodi, ova rešenja su održiva, i ovakva rešenja predstavljaju dugoročna ulaganja, dugoročna ulaganja koja činimo za našu generaciju i generacije koje dolaze. Rešenja koja menjaju okolinu, što Džuli može uraditi u svojoj kući, radnom mestu i u školi utiču na sve ljude sa kojima ona živi.
So I'm very passionate about this research and I really want to continue it and expand it to more disorders besides asthma, more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants. But before I end my talk today, I want to leave you with one saying. And that saying is that genetics loads the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger. And that made a huge impact on me when I was doing this research. Because what I feel, is a lot of us think that the environment is at a macro level, that we can't do anything to change our air quality or to change the climate or anything.
Ja veoma pasionirano doživaljavam ovo istraživanje i zaista želim da to nastavim i uključim u istraživanje ne samo astmu već više respiratornih bolesti, a i više zagađivača vazduha. Želim da završim svoje izlaganje sa jednom porukom. A to je da genetika zaista jeste metak u pištolju, ali sredina je okidač tog pištolja. To je značajno uticalo na mene dok sam sprovodila istraživanje. Mislim da mnogi od nas smatraju da je životna sredina na makro nivou, da mi ne možemo učiniti ništa kako bismo promenili kvalitet vazduha, ili promenili klimu ili bilo šta.
But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home, in our own school and in our own workplace, we can make a huge difference in air quality. Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors. And air quality and air pollutants have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients, anyone with a respiratory disorder and really all of us in general.
Ali ukoliko bi svako od nas preduzeo prve korake u svom domu, u našim školama, radnim mestima, mogli bismo vrlo značajno da utičemo na kvalitet vazduha. Jer, zapamtite, mi provodimo 90 odsto vremena u zatvorenom prostoru. Kvalitet vazduha i zagađivači vazduha imaju ogroman uticaj na zdravlje pluća asmatičara, svih koji pate od respiratornih bolesti, i zaista na sve nas.
So I want you to reimagine a world with better air quality, better quality of life and better quality of living for everyone including our future generations.
Tako da ja želim da zamislite svet u kom je vazduh boljeg kvaliteta, u kom je život kvalitetniji, u kom je kvalitet života bolji za sve uključujući i generacije koje dolaze.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(aplauz)
Lisa Ling: Right. Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly? Your Google Science Fair champions. Your winners.
Liza Ling: Baš tako. Da li bi Šri i Lauren mogle da nam se pridruže na kratko? Vi ste šampionke Guglovog Sajma nauke. Vi ste pobednice.
(Applause)
(aplauz)