Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option, which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken? Now most people would answer grilled, and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories. However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger. The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines -- specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine, or PhIP -- (laughter) which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.
Lauren Hofge: Kada biste išli u restoran i htjeli zdraviju opciju, što biste odabrali, piletinu s roštilja ili prženu piletinu? Većina ljudi bi odabrala piletinu s roštilja i istina je kako piletina s roštilja sadrži manje masti i kalorija. Ipak, piletina s roštilja posjeduje skrivenu opasnost. Tu skrivenu opasnost predstavljaju heterociklički amini - točnije fenometil-imidazopiridin, ili FM-IP -- (Smijeh) koji je imunogena ili karcinogena tvar.
A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, which can also cause them to metastasize or spread. They are also organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with a more complex group. Studies show that antioxidants are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines. However, no studies exist yet that show how or why. These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens. And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe, which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.
Karcinogena je bilo koja tvar ili agens koja uzrokuje pretjerani rast stanica, što uzrokuje da one metastaziraju ili šire se. One također predstavljaju organske tvari u kojima je jedan ili više vodikovih atoma u amonijevoj skupini zamijenjen sa složenijom skupinom. Istraživanja pokazuju kako su antioksidansi poznati u redukciji tih heterocikličkih amina. No, još ne postoje istraživanja koja pokazuju kako i zašto to čine. Ovo je pet različitih organizacija koje klasificiraju karcinogene. I kao što možete vidjeti, niti jedna od tih organizacija ne smatra te spojeve sigurnima, što potkrepljuje potrebu za njihovom redukcijom u našoj prehrani.
Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea. And I was led to it through a series of events. I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office -- (Laughter) which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine and seven different fast food restaurants. They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken, but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65, which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products then the companies had to give a clear warning.
Sada biste se mogli zapitati kako 13-godišnjakinja može doći na takvu ideju. Do nje sam došla kroz niz događaja. Prvo sam naučila o toj temi čitajući tužbu u uredu moga lječnika -- (Smijeh) koja je bila između Vijeća lječnika za odgovornu medicinu i sedam različitih restorana brze hrane. Nisu ih tužili jer je njihova piletina sadržavala karcinogene, već zbog kalifornijskog podneska 65, u kojem piše da ako postoji išta opasno u proizvodima onda poduzeća moraju dati jasno upozorenje.
So I was very surprised about this. And I was wondering why nobody knew more about this dangerous grilled chicken, which doesn't seem very harmful. But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner, and I noticed that the edges of the chicken, which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white. And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing, which is where the proteins will change shape and lose their ability to chemically function. So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis, saying that, could possibly the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade and could it be due to the differences in PH?
Bila sam iznimno iznenađena s tim. I pitala sam se zašto nitko ne zna nešto više o toj opasnoj piletini s roštilja, koja se ne čini jako opasnom. No onda jedne večeri, moja mama je radila piletinu s roštilja za večeru, i primijetila sam kako su krajevi piletine, koji su bili marinirani s limunovim sokom, pobijeljeli. I kasnije na satu biologije, naučila sam da se to događa zbog procesa denaturacije, koji predstavlja proces promjene oblika proteina i gubitka njihove kemijske funkcije. Pa sam skombinirala te dvije ideje i oblikovala hipotezu, koja nam govori, postoji li mogućnost da se broj karcinogena smanji uslijed marinade i je li možda tome zbog razlika u pH vrijednosti?
So my idea was born, and I had the project set up and a hypothesis, so what was my next step? Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at because I didn't have the equipment in my school. I thought this would be easy, but I emailed about 200 different people within a five-hour radius of where I lived, and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me. Most of the others either never responded back, said they didn't have the time or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me. So it was a big commitment to drive to the lab to work multiple times. However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab -- so I could finally start my project.
I tako je moja ideja rođena, i imala sam postavljeni projekt i hipotezu, i što je bio moj sljedeći korak? Pa očito sam trebala pronaći laboratorij u kojem bih radila jer nisam imala opremu u svojoj školi. Mislila sam kako će to biti jednostavno, ali sam kontaktirala oko 200 različitih ljudi unutar pet sati promjera od mjesta gdje sam živjela, i dobila sam jedan potvrdan odgovor koji je rekao da bi mogli raditi sa mnom. Većina ostalih ili nikada nije odgovorila, ili su rekli da nemaju vremena ili nisu imali opremu i nisu mi mogli pomoći. Bila je to velika odgovornost voziti se do laboratorija više puta i raditi. Ipak, bila je velika prilika raditi u pravom laboratoriju -- te sam mogla napokon početi sa svojim projektom.
The first stage was completed at home, which consisted of marinating the chicken, grilling the chicken, amassing it and preparing it to be transported to the lab. The second stage was completed at the Penn State University main campus lab, which is where I extracted the chemicals, changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment and separated the compounds I needed from the rest of the chicken. The final stages, when I ran the samples through a high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometer, which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had in my chicken.
Prvi korak je završen kod kuće, koji se sastojao od mariniranja piletine, roštiljanja piletine, skupljanja i pripreme za prijevoz u laboratorij. Drugi korak je završen u glavnom laboratorija kampusa Sveučilišta Penn State, gdje sam izolirala kemikalije, promijenila pH kako bih ih mogla provesti kroz uređaje i razdvojiti tvari koje sam trebala od ostatka piletine. Konačni koraci, kada sam provela uzorke kroz spektrometar masa visokotlačne tekućinske kromatografije, koji je razdvajao tvari i analizirao kemikalije i govorio koliko točno karcinogena imam u svojoj piletini.
So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results, because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients actually inhibited the carcinogen formation. When compared with the unmarinated chicken, which is what I used as my control, I found that lemon juice worked by far the best, which decreased the carcinogens by about 98 percent. The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade also worked very well, decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent. Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation, but it was nearly negligible. And the soy sauce results were inconclusive because of the large data range, but it seems like soy sauce actually increased the potential carcinogens.
Kada sam prošla kroz podatke, imala sam vrlo iznenađujuće rezultate, jer sam otkrila kako četiri od pet mariniranih sastojaka stvarno sprečavaju nastanak karcinogena. U usporedbi s nemariniranom piletinom, koju sam koristila kao kontrolu, otkrila sam kako limunov sok ima najbolji učinak, smanjujući količinu karcinogena za oko 98 posto. Marinada slanom vodom i smeđim šećerom je također jako dobro djelovala, smanjujući količinu karcinogena za oko 60 posto. Maslinovo ulje je smanjilo stvaranje FM-IP, ali je bilo gotovo zanemarivo. Rezultati sa sojinim umakom su bili neuvjerljivi zbog velikog raspona rezultata ali čini se kako je sojin umak ustvari povećavao količinu potencijalnih karcinogena.
Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially was the time cooked. And I found that if you increase the time cooked, the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases. So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this, is to, not under-cook, but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken, and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.
Jedan drugi važan čimbenik koji nisam u početku uzela u obzir je bilo vrijeme pripreme. Otkrila sam da ako povećaš vrijeme pripreme, količina karcinogena se značajno povećava. Znači najbolji način mariniranja piletine, prema ovome, je ne nedovoljno peči, ali definitivno ne prepeči i začađiti piletinu, te marinirati ili u limunovom soku, tamnom šećeru ili slanoj vodi.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Based on these findings, I have a question for you. Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet that could potentially save your life? Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated, you're definitely going to catch cancer and die. However, anything you can do to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.
Na temelju tih otkrića, imam pitanje za vas. Biste li bili spremni napravi jednostavnu promjenu u svojoj prehrani koja bi potencijalno spasila vaš život? Sad, ne kažem da ako jedete piletinu s roštilja koja nije marinirana, da ćete sigurno dobiti rak i umrijeti. Ipak, sve što možete učiniti kako biste smanjili rizik od potencijalnih karcinogena može sigurno povećati kvalitetu načina života.
Is it worth it to you? How will you cook your chicken now?
Je li vam to važno? Kako ćete sada pripremati piletinu?
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose. I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner and then the grand prize winner. And I want all of you to imagine a little girl holding a dead blue spinach plant. And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you that little kids will eat their vegetables if they're different colors. Sounds ridiculous, right. But that was me years ago. And that was my first science fair project. It got a bit more complicated from there. My older brother Panaki Bose spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me when I barely understood basic algebra. My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects, including a remote controlled garbage can.
Shree Bose: Pozdrav svima. Ja sam Shree Bose. Bila sam pobjednica u kategoriji 17-18 godišnjaka i potom dobitnica glavne nagrade. I želim da svi vi zamislite malu djevojčicu koja drži mrtvu plavu biljku špinata. Stojeći ispred vas i objašnjavajuću vam kako će mala djeca jesti njezino povrće ako je drugačije boje. Zvuči ludo, zar ne? Ali to sam bila ja prije nekoliko godina. I to je bio moj prvi projekt za znanstveni sajam. Postalo je malo kompliciranije od tada. Moj stariji brat Panaki Bose proveo je sate objašnjavajući mi atome kada sam još jedva razumjela osnove algebre. Moji roditelji su patili kroz još mnogo više projekata za znanstvene sajmove uključujući daljinsko upravljanje kante za smeće.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
And then came the summer after my freshman year, when my grandfather passed away due to cancer. And I remember watching my family go through that and thinking that I never wanted another family to feel that kind of loss. So, armed with all the wisdom of freshman year biology, I decided I wanted to do cancer research at 15. Good plan. So I started emailing all of these professors in my area asking to work under their supervision in a lab. Got rejected by all except one. And then went on, my next summer, to work under Dr. Basu at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas. And that is where the research began.
I tada je došlo ljeto poslije moje prve godine u srednjoj školi, kada je moj djed umro od raka. Sjećam se kako sam gledala kako moja obitelj prolazi kroz to misleći kako ne želim da ijedna druga obitelj osjeća takav gubitak. Pa, naoružana sa svom mudrošću prve godine biologije, odlučila sam da se želim baviti istraživanjem raka u dobi od 15. Dobar plan. Počela sam slati e-poštu svim profesorima u svojem području pitajući da bih radila pod njihovim mentorstvom u laboratoriju. Bila sam odbijena od svih, osim jednog. I otišla sam sljedeće ljeto raditi za Dr. Basu na UNT zdravstvenom centru u Fort Worthu, Teksas. I tu započinje istraživanje.
So ovarian cancer is one of those cancers that most people don't know about, or at least don't pay that much attention to. But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. In fact, one in 70 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. One in 100 will die from it. Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways used to treat cancer today, involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals to try and kill off cancer cells.
Rak ovarija je vrsta raka za koju većina ljudi ne zna, ili barem ne obraća pozornost. Ipak, peti je vodeći uzrok smrti od raka među ženama u Sjedinjenim Državama. U stvari, jednoj od 70 žena bit će dijagnosticiran rak ovarija. Jedna od 100 će umrijeti od njega. Kemoterapija, jedan od najučinkovitijih načina liječenja raka danas, uključuje davanje pacijentima vrlo visokih doza kemikalija kako bi pokušali ubiti stanice raka.
Cisplatin is a relatively common ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug -- a relatively simple molecule made in the lab that messes with the DNA of cancer cells and causes them to kill themselves. Sounds great, right? But here's the problem: sometimes patients become resistant to the drug, and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free, they come back. And this time, they no longer respond to the drug. It's a huge problem. In fact, it's one of the biggest problems with chemotherapy today.
Cisplatin je prilično uobičajen kemoterapeutik protiv raka ovarija relativno jednostavna molekula proizvedena u laboratoriju koja interferira s DNA stanica raka uzrokujući da počine samoubojstvo. Zvuči super, zar ne? Ali postoji problem: ponekad pacijenti postanu rezistentni na lijek, i potom godinama nakon što su bili proglašeni izlječenim od raka, vraćaju se natrag. I ovaj put, više ne odgovaraju na lijek. To je ogroman problem. U stvari, to je jedan od najvećih problema s kemoterapijom danas.
So we wanted to figure out how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant to this drug called Cisplatin. And we wanted to figure this out, because if we could figure that out, then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening. So that's what we set out to do. And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase, an energy protein. So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein, and we saw this huge shift. I mean, on the slide, you can see that on our sensitive side, these cells that are responding to the drug, when we start blocking the protein, the number of dying cells -- those colored dots -- they're going down. But then on this side, with the same treatment, they're going up -- interesting.
Htjeli smo otkriti kako te stanice raka ovarija postaju otporne na taj lijek po imenu Cisplatin. Htjeli smo to shvatiti, jer ako bismo mogli shvatiti, onda bismo mogli spriječiti da se ikad više pojavi otpornost. To smo si zacrtali. I mislili smo kako bi to moglo imati nešto s proteinom koji se naziva kinaza AMP, vrstom energetskog proteina. Napravili smo sve testove blokiranja proteina, i uočili smo veliku promjenu. Mislim, na dijapozitivu, možete vidjeti da na našoj osjetljivoj strani, te stanice koje odgovaraju na lijek, kada počnemo blokirati protein, broj umirućih stanica -- tih obojenih točaka -- se smanjuje. Ali onda na ovoj strani, s istim tretmanom, njihov broj se povećava -- interesantno.
But those are dots on a screen for you; what exactly does that mean? Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell. And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves to make the cells resistant. And that's huge. In fact, it means that if a patient comes in and they're resistant to this drug, then if we give them a chemical to block this protein, then we can treat them again with the same drug. And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness -- possibly for many different types of cancer. So that was my work, and it was my way of reimagining the future for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does, but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness -- so maybe all grandfathers with cancer have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.
Ali to su samo točke na zaslonu za vas; što to ustvari znači? To ustvari znači da se taj protein mijenja iz osjetljive stanice u otporne stanice. I u stvari, mogao bi mijenjati same stanice kako bi ih učinio otpornima. I to je vrlo značajno. U stvari, to znači da ako dođe pacijent i otporan je na lijek ako mu damo kemikaliju koja blokira taj protein, možemo ga ponovno liječiti s istim lijekom. To je značajno za efikasnost kemoterapije -- možda za mnogo različitih tipova rakova. I to je bio moj rad, i to je bio moj način ponovnog zamišljanja budućnosti za buduća istraživanja, s otkrićem kako taj protein stvarno radi, ali i za budućnost efikasnosti kemoterapije -- pa možda svi djedovi s rakom imaju barem malo više vremena da ih provedu sa svojom unučadi.
But my work wasn't just about the research. It was about finding my passion. That's why being the grand prize winner of the Google Global Science Fair -- cute picture, right -- it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor. And ever since then, I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff -- from getting to meet the president to getting to be on this stage to talk to all of you guys.
Ali moj rad nije bio samo oko istraživanja. Bio je oko traženja moje strasti. Zato je biti dobitnik glavne nagrade Google globalnog znanstvenog sajma -- slatka slika, zar ne -- bilo toliko uzbudljivo za mene i tako nevjerojatna čast. I od tada, imala sam prilike raditi neke prilično fora stvari -- od upoznavanja predsjednika do stajanja na ovoj pozornici kako bih razgovarala sa svima vama.
But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research, it was about finding my passion, and it was about making my own opportunities when I didn't even know what I was doing. It was about inspiration and determination and never giving up on my interest for science and learning and growing. After all, my story begins with a dried, withered spinach plant and it's only getting better from there.
Ali kao što sam rekla, moje putovanje nije bilo samo oko istraživanja, bilo je oko pronalaska moje strasti, i oko stvaranja mojih vlastitih prilika kada nisam ni znala što radim. Bilo je o inspiraciji i odlučnosti i nikad ne odstupanja od svojeg interesa za znanost i učenje i rast. Uostalom, moja priča započinje s isušenom, uvenulom biljkom špinata i samo postaje bolje od tada.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah, and today I'll be talking to you about my research involving indoor air quality and asthmatic patients. 1.6 million deaths worldwide. One death every 20 seconds. People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors. And the economic burden of asthma exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined. Now these statistics had a huge impact on me, but what really sparked my interest in my research was watching both my dad and my brother suffer from chronic allergies year-round. It confused me; why did these allergy symptoms persist well past the pollen season?
Naomi Shah: Pozdrav svima. Ja sam Naomi Shah, i danas ću vam govoriti o svojem istraživanju koje se radi o kvaliteti zraka u zatvorenim prostorima i astmatičnim pacijentima. 1,6 milijuna smrti diljem svijeta. Jedna smrt svakih 20 sekundi. Ljudi provedu preko 90 posto svojih života u zatvorenim prostorima. Ekonomski teret astme prelazi onaj koji uzrokuju HIV i tuberkuloza zajedno. Te statistike su imale značajan učinak na mene, no ono što je zbilja potaknulo moj interes u mojem istraživanju je pogled na mog oca i brata koji pate od kroničnih alergija kroz cijelu godinu. To me je zbunilo; zašto su simptomi alergije postojali i nakon što je završila sezona peluda?
With this question in mind, I started researching, and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit. As soon as I realized this, I investigated the underlying relationship between four prevalent air pollutants and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients. At first, I just wanted to figure out which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients. But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model that essentially quantifies the effect of these environmental pollutants on the lung health of asthmatic patients. And it surprises me that no model currently exists that quantifies the effect of environmental factors on human lung health, because that relationship seems so important.
S tim pitanjem u glavi, počela sam istraživati, i uskoro sam otkrila kako su krivci onečišćivači zraka u zatvorenim prostorijama. Čim sam to shvatila, istražila sam temeljnu vezu između četiri najčešća onečišćivača zraka i njihovog učinka na zdravlje pluća astmatičara. U početku sam htjela samo shvatiti koji od tih četiri onečišćivača imaju najveći negativan zdravstveni učinak na zdravlje pluća astmatičara. No uskoro sam razvila novi matematički model koji u osnovi kvantificira učinak tih okolišnih onečišćivača na zdravlje pluća astmatičara. Iznenadilo me je da trenutno ne postoji model koji kvantificira učinak okolišnih čimbenika na zdravlje ljudskih pluća jer mi se ta veza čini iznimno važnom.
So with that in mind, I started researching more, I started investigating more, and I became very passionate. Because I realized that if we could find a way to target remediation, we could also find a way to treat asthmatic patients more effectively. For example, volatile organic compounds are chemical pollutants that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces. They're everywhere. These chemical pollutants are currently not a criteria air pollutant, as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act. Which is surprising to me, because these chemical pollutants, through my research, I show that they had a very large negative impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients and thus should be regulated.
S tim na umu, počela sam istraživati više, počela sam ispitivati više, i postala sam vrlo strastvena. Jer sam shvatila ako bismo našli način ciljanja sanacije, mogli bismo također naći način kako efikasnije liječiti astmatičare. Na primjer, hlapljive organske tvari su kemijski onečišćivači koji se nalaze u našim školama, domovima i radnim mjestima. Oni su posvuda. Ti kemijski onečišćivači trenutno nisu ključni onečišćivači zraka, po definiciji američkog Ukaza o čistom zraku. Što me iznenadilo, jer ti kemijski onečišćivači, tijekom mog istraživanja, pokazalo se da imaju veliki negativan učinak na zdravlje pluća astmatičara i zato bi trebali biti regulirani.
So today I want to show you my interactive software model that I created. I'm going to show it to you on my laptop. And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today, Julie. And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered into my interactive software model. And this can be used by anyone. So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes, or someone who's really close to you who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder. So Julie's going to her doctor's office to get treated for her asthma. And the doctor has her sit down, and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate -- which is essentially her exhalation rate, or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.
Danas vam želim pokazati svoj interaktivan softverski model koji sam stvorila. Pokazat ću vam ga na svom prijenosnom računalu. I imam danas volontera u publici, Julie. I svi Julieini podaci su već pred-uneseni u moj interaktivni softverski model. Njime se može koristiti svatko. Želim da si zamislite da ste u Julieinoj koži, ili ste netko vrlo blizak njoj koji boluje od astme ili nekog drugog poremećaja pluća. Julie ide kod svojeg liječnika kako bi dobila terapiju protiv astme. Liječnik ju posjeda, i mjeri vrh njezinog izdisajnog protoka zraka -- što je u stvari brzina njezinog izdisaja, ili količina zraka koju može izdahnuti u jednom dahu.
So that peak expiratory flow rate, I've entered it up into the interactive software model. I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height. I've assumed that she lives in an average household with average air pollutant levels. So any user can come in here and click on "lung function report" and it'll take them to this report that I created. And this report really drives home the crux of my research.
Taj vrh izdisajnog protoka zraka, unijela sam ga gore u interaktivni softverski model. Unijela sam i njezine godine, spol i visinu. Pretpostavila sam da živi u prosječnom domaćinstvu s prosječnim razinama onečišćivača zraka. Znači bilo koji korisnik može ući ovdje i pritisnuti na "izvještaj o funkciji pluća" i to će ga odvesti na izvještaj koji sam stvorila. I taj izvještaj daje srž mog istraživanja.
So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner -- it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate in the yellow bar. This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office. In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph, it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate, what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be based on her age, gender and height. So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar, and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids, medication and inhalers."
Ono što pokazuje -- ako se želite usredotočiti na taj gornji graf u desnom uglu -- je Juliein stvarni vrh izdisajnog protoka zraka u žutoj pločici. To su mjerenja koja je uzela kod svojeg liječnika. U plavoj pločici na dnu grafa, prikazano je koji bi njezin vrh izdisajnog protoka zraka, koja brzina izdisaja ili zdravlje pluća, bi trebali biti na temelju njezine dobi, spola i visine. Liječnik vidi razliku između žute i plave pločice, i on kaže: "Vau, trebamo joj dati steroide, lijekove i inhalatore."
But I want everyone here to reimagine a world where instead of prescribing steroids, inhalers and medication, the doctor turns to Julie and says, "Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters. Clean out the air ducts in your home, in your workplace, in your school. Stop the use of incense and candles. And if you're remodeling your house, take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring." Because these solutions are natural, these solutions are sustainable, and these solutions are long-term investments -- long-term investments that we're making for our generation and for future generations. Because these environmental solutions that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school are impacting everyone that lives around her.
Ali želim da svi ovdje prisutni ponovno zamisle svijet u kojem umjesto prepisivanja steroida, inhalatora i lijekova, liječnik se okrene Julie i kaže, "Zašto ne otiđeš doma i počistiš svoje zračne filtere? Očisti odvode zraka u svojem domu, na svojem radnom mjestu, u svojoj školi. Prestanite koristiti tamjan i svijeće. I ako preuređujete kuću, maknite sve tepihe i stavite parkete." Jer ta su rješenja prirodna, ta su rješenja održiva, i ta su rješenja dugotrajna ulaganja -- dugotrajna ulaganja koja činimo za našu generaciju i za buduće generacije. Jer ta okolišna rješenja koja Julie može učiniti u svojem domu, na svojem radnom mjestu i u svojoj školi utječu na sve koji žive oko nje.
So I'm very passionate about this research and I really want to continue it and expand it to more disorders besides asthma, more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants. But before I end my talk today, I want to leave you with one saying. And that saying is that genetics loads the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger. And that made a huge impact on me when I was doing this research. Because what I feel, is a lot of us think that the environment is at a macro level, that we can't do anything to change our air quality or to change the climate or anything.
Vrlo sam strastvena oko ovog istraživanja i stvarno želim nastaviti i proširiti ga na druge poremećaje izuzev astme, više respiratornih poremećaja, kao i više onečišćivača. No, prije nego završim svoj govor danas, želim vam reći jednu izreku. I ta izreka kaže da genetika puni pištolj, ali okoliš povlači obarač. I to je imalo snažan učinak na mene kada sam radila ovo istraživanje. Jer ono što osjećam je da dosta nas misli kako je okoliš makro-razina, da ne možemo ništa učiniti da promijenimo kvalitetu zraka ili promijeniti klimu ili bilo što.
But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home, in our own school and in our own workplace, we can make a huge difference in air quality. Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors. And air quality and air pollutants have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients, anyone with a respiratory disorder and really all of us in general.
Ali svatko od nas preuzima inicijativu u našem vlastitom domu, našoj vlastitoj školi i na našem vlastitom radnom mjestu, možemo učiniti veliku razliku u kvaliteti zraka. Jer zapamtite, mi provodimo 90% naših života u zatvorenim prostorima. I kvaliteta zraka i onečišćivači zraka imaju golem utjecaj na zdravlje pluća astmatičara, bilo koga s poremećajem disanja, i na bilo koga od nas općenito.
So I want you to reimagine a world with better air quality, better quality of life and better quality of living for everyone including our future generations.
Zato želim da ponovno zamislite svijet s boljom kvalitetom zraka boljom kvalitetom života i boljom kvalitetom življenja za sve uključujući i naše buduće generacije.
Thank you.
Hvala
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
Lisa Ling: Right. Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly? Your Google Science Fair champions. Your winners.
Lisa Ling: Da. Mogu li Shree i Lauren doći gore vrlo brzo? Vaše prvakinje Google znanstvenog sajma. Vaše pobjednice.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)