Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option, which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken? Now most people would answer grilled, and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories. However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger. The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines -- specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine, or PhIP -- (laughter) which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.
Lauren Hodge: Kung ika'y pupunta sa restawran at papipiliin kung alin ang mas malusog, ano ang pipiliin mo, ang inihaw o piniritong manok? Pinipili ng karamihan ang inihaw, at totoo na ang inihaw na manok ay may kunting taba at calories. Ngunit, ang inihaw na manok ay may tinatagong panganib. Ang nakatagong panganib ay ang heterocyclic amines -- partikular yung phenomethylimidazopyridine, o PhlP -- (tawanan) na isang compound na immunogenic o carcinogenic.
A carcinogen is any substance or agent that causes abnormal growth of cells, which can also cause them to metastasize or spread. They are also organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia is replaced with a more complex group. Studies show that antioxidants are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines. However, no studies exist yet that show how or why. These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens. And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe, which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.
Ang carcinogen ay isang substance o agent na nagiging sanhi ng abnormal na paglaki ng mga cell, na maaaring magdudulot rin sa paglaki at paglaganap nito. Mayroon ding mga organikong compounds na isa o marami pang hydrogen sa ammonia ay napapalitan ng mas masalimoot na grupo. Isang pag-aaral ay nagpapakita na nagpapababa sila ng dami ng mga heterocyclic amines. Pero wala pang pag-aaral na nagpapakita kung papapaano at bakit. Ito ay limang magkakaibang grupo ng mga carcinogens. Sa nakikita n'yo, wala sa kanila ang maituturing na ligtas, na nangangahulugan lamang na dapat bawasan sila sa ating dyeta.
Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea. And I was led to it through a series of events. I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office -- (Laughter) which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine and seven different fast food restaurants. They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken, but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65, which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products then the companies had to give a clear warning.
Kayo siguro ay nagtataka kung papaano ang isang 13-taong gulang ay nagkaroon ng isang ideya. Ito ay naganap sa mga serye ng kaganapan. Unang kung nalamat ito sa isang lawsuit nabasa ko sa opisina ng doctor ko -- (Tawanan) sa pagitan ng "Komite ng mga Doktor para sa Responsabling Pagmedisina" at sa pitong magkaiba na fast food restawran. Hindi sila kinasuhan dahil sa mga carcinogens sa kanilang manok, kundi dahil sa Proposisyon bilang 65 ng California, na nagsasabing anumang produktong may mapanganib na sangkap ay bibigyan ng babala.
So I was very surprised about this. And I was wondering why nobody knew more about this dangerous grilled chicken, which doesn't seem very harmful. But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner, and I noticed that the edges of the chicken, which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white. And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing, which is where the proteins will change shape and lose their ability to chemically function. So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis, saying that, could possibly the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade and could it be due to the differences in PH?
Nagulat ako dito. Pinagtatakaan ko lang kung bakit walang isa ang talagang nakakaalam tungkol sa panganib ng inihaw na manok, na mukhang hindi gaano ka delikado. Isang gabi, ang aking mommy ay nag-ihaw ng manok para sa hapunan, at napansin ko na sa gilid ng manok na kung saan ang binabad sa lemon juice ay nagiging puti. At kinamayaan sa aming klase sa biology, nalaman ko na dahil pala ito sa prosesong tinatawag na denaturing, na kung saan ang protina ay mag-ibang anyo at mawalan ng kanilang abilidad sa aspetong kemikal. Kaya pinag-isa ko ang dalawang ideya para bumou ng hypothesis, na nagsasabing, maaari bang ang mga carcinogens ay bababa sa pagbabad at dahil ba ito sa deperensya sa PH?
So my idea was born, and I had the project set up and a hypothesis, so what was my next step? Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at because I didn't have the equipment in my school. I thought this would be easy, but I emailed about 200 different people within a five-hour radius of where I lived, and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me. Most of the others either never responded back, said they didn't have the time or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me. So it was a big commitment to drive to the lab to work multiple times. However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab -- so I could finally start my project.
Kaya nabuo ang aking ideya, at nakaplantsa na ang aking proyekto at hypothesis, kaya ano ang sunod kung gawin? Natural, kailangan kung maghanap ng lab dahil walang kagamitan ang paaralan namin. Akala ko madali lang, pero nag-email ako sa humigit-kumulang 200 ka-tao sa loob ng 5 oras na radius sa titirhan ko, at nakatanggap ako ng iisang sagot na nagsasabing pwede akong magtrabaho sa kanila. Karamihan sa iba ay hindi sumagot, o nagsasabing wala silang oras o wala silang kagamitan at hindi makatutulong sa akin. Kaya iyon ay malaking pag-uukol para magbihaye sa lab nang madalas. Pero, iyon ay malaking opurtunidad para magtrabaho sa isang tunay sa laboratoryo -- para maumpisahan ko na ang aking proyekto.
The first stage was completed at home, which consisted of marinating the chicken, grilling the chicken, amassing it and preparing it to be transported to the lab. The second stage was completed at the Penn State University main campus lab, which is where I extracted the chemicals, changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment and separated the compounds I needed from the rest of the chicken. The final stages, when I ran the samples through a high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometer, which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had in my chicken.
Ang unang hakbang ay nakompleto na sa bahay, na sa kabuuan ay ang pagbabad ng manok, pag-ihaw nito, pagtipon at paghanda nito para ibiyahe patungo sa laboratoryo. Ang pangalawang hakbang ay nakompleto sa loob ng main campus ng Penn State University, yung pagkuha ng mga kemikal mula sa manok, pagiba ng PH nito pra mapasok ko siya a aparato at paghiwalayin ang mga compounds na kailangan ko mula sa manok. Ang huling hakbang ay yung pagsala ko sa mga sample sa isang high-pressure na liquid chromatography mass spectrometer, na naghihiwalay ng mga compounds at suriin ang mga kemikal at magsasabi sa akin kung gaano talaga karami ang carcinogen sa aking manok.
So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results, because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients actually inhibited the carcinogen formation. When compared with the unmarinated chicken, which is what I used as my control, I found that lemon juice worked by far the best, which decreased the carcinogens by about 98 percent. The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade also worked very well, decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent. Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation, but it was nearly negligible. And the soy sauce results were inconclusive because of the large data range, but it seems like soy sauce actually increased the potential carcinogens.
Kaya nung nakuha ko na ang resulta, ikinagulat ko ito, dahil nalaman ko na apat sa limang sangkap sa pagbabad ng manok ay mayroong pagbubuo ng carcinogen. Nung kinumpara ko sa hindi binabad na manok, na siyang aking ginamit bilang kontrol, nalaman kung ang lemon juice ang pinaka-angat na nagpapababa ng cancinogens ng 98 porsyento. Ang pinagbabad din sa saltwater at pula na asukal ay mabuti rin, na nagpapababa ng carcinogens ng 60 porseyto. Ang olive oil ay nagpapababa nang bahagya sa pagbuo ng PHlP, ngunit ito ay bale-wala lang. At ang resulta naman sa toyo ay hindi depinitibo dahil sa laki ng lawak ng mga datos, dahil mukhang sa toyo ay nagpapataas pa sa dami ng carcinogens.
Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially was the time cooked. And I found that if you increase the time cooked, the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases. So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this, is to, not under-cook, but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken, and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.
Isa pang importanting salik na hindi pinagtutuonan nung una ay ang katagalan ng pagluluto. Nalaman ko kung tatagalan mo ang pagluluto, ang dami ng mga carcinogens ay tataas nang mabilis. Kaya ang pinakamainam na pagbabad ng manok, base dito, ay hindi ang pagluto nang hilaw nito, pero hindi naman yung pag-over-cook at pagsunog nito, at pagbabad sa lemon juice, pulang asukal o saltwater.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)
Based on these findings, I have a question for you. Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet that could potentially save your life? Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated, you're definitely going to catch cancer and die. However, anything you can do to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.
Base dito, mayroon akong isang katanungan sa inyo. Payag ba kayong magkaroon ng kunting pagbabago sa inyong dyeta na may potensyal na makapagligtas ng iyong buhay? Hindi ko sinasabing kung kakain ka ng inihaw na manok na hindi binabad, ay magkakaroon ka ng cancer at mamatay. Kaya lang, kung gagawa ka ng isang bagay na nagpapababa sa risgo ng carcinogens ay talagang magpapataas ng kwalidad ng iyong buhay.
Is it worth it to you? How will you cook your chicken now?
Mahalaga ba iyan sa iyo? Kaya, paano mo na lulutuin ang manok ngayon?
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)
Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose. I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner and then the grand prize winner. And I want all of you to imagine a little girl holding a dead blue spinach plant. And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you that little kids will eat their vegetables if they're different colors. Sounds ridiculous, right. But that was me years ago. And that was my first science fair project. It got a bit more complicated from there. My older brother Panaki Bose spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me when I barely understood basic algebra. My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects, including a remote controlled garbage can.
Shree Bose: Hi sa inyo. Ako si Shree Bose. Ako yung nanalo sa 17-18 na taong gulang na kategorya at ang grand prize. Gustong kong magimagin kayo ng isang batang babae na may hawak na isang patay na bughaw na espinadas. At nakatayo siya sa harap niyo na nag-uunawa na ang maliliit na bata ay kakain ng kanilang gulay kung ang kulay nila ay iba. Nakakatawa, hindi ba. Pero ako yun sa nakalipas na panahon. At yun ang kauna-unahan kong proyekto sa science fair. Naging mas masalimot ito mula doon. Ang aking kuya na si Panaki Bose ay nag-gugol ng kanyang panahon para ipaliwanag ang atom sa akin noong hindi ko pa lubusang maintindihan ang algebra. Nagdusa ang aking mga magulang sa marami ko pang proyekto sa science fair, kasama na ang basurahan na remote controlled.
(Laughter)
(Tawanan)
And then came the summer after my freshman year, when my grandfather passed away due to cancer. And I remember watching my family go through that and thinking that I never wanted another family to feel that kind of loss. So, armed with all the wisdom of freshman year biology, I decided I wanted to do cancer research at 15. Good plan. So I started emailing all of these professors in my area asking to work under their supervision in a lab. Got rejected by all except one. And then went on, my next summer, to work under Dr. Basu at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas. And that is where the research began.
At pagsapit ng summer pagkatapos freshman year, namatay ang aking lolo sa cancer. At natatandaan ko kung paano ito nalusutan ng aming pamilya at nagpagtanto na wala ng iba pang pamilya dapat ang makaranas ng ganuong kawalan. Kaya, naka-armas sa lahat ng aking karunungan sa biolohiya nung ako'y first year, napagdesisyunan kong magsagawa ng pagsaliksik sa cancer nung ako'y 15. Magandang plano. Kaya inumpisahan kong mag-email sa lahat ng mga propesor sa amin para magtrabaho sa kanilang superbisyon sa kanilang laboratoryo. Tinangihan ako ng lahat maliban sa isa. Kaya natuloy iyon, sa sunod na summer, nagtrabaho ako sa ilalim ni Dr. Basu sa UNT Health Center sa Fort Worth, Texas. At dun nagumpisa ang pagsaliksik ko.
So ovarian cancer is one of those cancers that most people don't know about, or at least don't pay that much attention to. But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. In fact, one in 70 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. One in 100 will die from it. Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways used to treat cancer today, involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals to try and kill off cancer cells.
Ang ovarian cancer ay isang klase ng cancer na bihira lang ang may alam, o kunti lang ang nagbigay ng atensyon. Pero, ito and panglima sa pangunahing sanhi ng pagkamatay dahil sa cancer sa mga kababaihan sa Estados Unidos. Sa katunayan, isa sa 70 na babae ay napagalamang may ovarian cancer. Isa sa bawat 100 ay namamatay dito. Chemotherapy, isa sa pinaka-epiktibong paraan para gamutin ang cancer sa panahon ngayon, ay naglalakip ng pagbibigay sa mga pasyente ng matatas na dosis ng mga kemikal para patayin ang mga cancer cells.
Cisplatin is a relatively common ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug -- a relatively simple molecule made in the lab that messes with the DNA of cancer cells and causes them to kill themselves. Sounds great, right? But here's the problem: sometimes patients become resistant to the drug, and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free, they come back. And this time, they no longer respond to the drug. It's a huge problem. In fact, it's one of the biggest problems with chemotherapy today.
Cisplatin ay isang komon na ovarian cancer chemotheraphy na gamot -- isang simpleng molecule na ginawa sa laboratoryo na ginugulo ang DNA ng mga cancer cell at magiging dahilan para sila mamatay. Parang nakakamamangha, di ba? Pero ito ang problema: kadalasan, masasanay na ang pasyente sa gamot, at pagkatapos ng sila'y madeklarang wala ng cancer, babalik sila. At dito, hindi sa sila matablan sa gamot. Isa itong malaking problema. Sa katunayan, ito ay isa sa malalaking problema ng chemotheraphy ngayon.
So we wanted to figure out how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant to this drug called Cisplatin. And we wanted to figure this out, because if we could figure that out, then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening. So that's what we set out to do. And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase, an energy protein. So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein, and we saw this huge shift. I mean, on the slide, you can see that on our sensitive side, these cells that are responding to the drug, when we start blocking the protein, the number of dying cells -- those colored dots -- they're going down. But then on this side, with the same treatment, they're going up -- interesting.
Kaya gusto naming malaman kung papaano naging malakas ang mga ovarian cancer cells laban sa gamot na tinawag nating Cisplatin. At gusto naming malaman, dahil kung malalaman namin yun, ay maaaring matigil ang paglakas nito. Kaya yun ang ginawa namin. At sa tingin namin ay may kinalaman ang isang protina na tinawag na AMP kinase, isang enerhiyang protina. Kaya nagsagawa kami ng mga test para pigilan ang protinang ito, at nakita namin ang malaking paggalaw. Ang ibig kong sabihin, sa slide na ito, makikita niyo na sa ating sensitibong panig, ang mga cell na ito ay nagreact sa gamot, nung pinigilan na namin ang mga protina, ang bilang ng mga namamatay na cells -- yung mga nakakulay na tolduk -- ay bumababa. Pero sa bahaging ito, sa parehong paraan, sila'y umaakyat -- napakainteresante.
But those are dots on a screen for you; what exactly does that mean? Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell. And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves to make the cells resistant. And that's huge. In fact, it means that if a patient comes in and they're resistant to this drug, then if we give them a chemical to block this protein, then we can treat them again with the same drug. And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness -- possibly for many different types of cancer. So that was my work, and it was my way of reimagining the future for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does, but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness -- so maybe all grandfathers with cancer have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.
Pero ang mga tuldok na nasa screen, sa inyong palagay; ano ang talagang ibig sabihin nito? Ang talagang ibig sabihin nyan ang protinang ito ay nagbabago mula sa sensitibo tungo sa di tinatablan na cell At sa katunayan, binabago nila ang iba pang cells para maging resistant din. At iyan ay napakalaki. Sa katunayan, kung ang isang pasyente ay dumating at sila'y di tinatablan sa druga na ito, at bibigyan namin sila ng kemikal para mapigil ang protinang ito, ay mapapagaling din namin sila ulit sa parehong gamot. At iyan ay malaking tagumpay para sa chemotheraphy -- na posible rin para sa iba pang tipo ng kanser. Kaya yun ang aking nagawa, at yun ang aking paraan para baguhin ang kinabukasan para sa hinaharap na pagsaliksik, para malaman kung ano talaga ang ginagawa ng protinang ito, pero para rin sa kinabukasan ng pagiging epektibo ng chemotheraphy -- para lahat ng ating mga lolo na may kanser ay mayroon pang kukunting panahon para igugol sa kanilang mga apo.
But my work wasn't just about the research. It was about finding my passion. That's why being the grand prize winner of the Google Global Science Fair -- cute picture, right -- it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor. And ever since then, I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff -- from getting to meet the president to getting to be on this stage to talk to all of you guys.
Pero ang ginawa ko ay hindi lang para sa pagsaliksik. Yun ay ang paghahanap ng aking pasyon. At kaya ako nanalo ng grand prize sa Google Global Science Fair -- nakakatutuwang litrato, di ba -- iyun ay nakakatuwa para sa akin at isang malaking karangalan. At mula doon, Kailangan kong gumawa na mga cool na bagay -- mula sa pakikipagtagpo ko sa presidente hanggang pagtungtong ko sa entabladong ito para magsalita sa inyong lahat.
But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research, it was about finding my passion, and it was about making my own opportunities when I didn't even know what I was doing. It was about inspiration and determination and never giving up on my interest for science and learning and growing. After all, my story begins with a dried, withered spinach plant and it's only getting better from there.
Pero gaya ng sabi ko, ang aking paglalakbay ay hindi tungkol sa pagsaliksik, yun ay ang paghahanap ng aking pasyon, at iyon ay tungkol sa paggawa ng sariling kong opurtunidad kahit na hindi ko alam kung ano ang aking ginagawa. Iyon ay tungkol sa inspirasyon at determinasyon at hindi pagsuko ng aking interes para sa syensya at pagkatuto at paglaki. Sa bandang huli, ang aking estorya ay nagsisimula sa isang tuyo, at patay na halamang spinach at iyun ay magiging mabuti pa lamang mula doon.
Thank you.
Salamat.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)
Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah, and today I'll be talking to you about my research involving indoor air quality and asthmatic patients. 1.6 million deaths worldwide. One death every 20 seconds. People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors. And the economic burden of asthma exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined. Now these statistics had a huge impact on me, but what really sparked my interest in my research was watching both my dad and my brother suffer from chronic allergies year-round. It confused me; why did these allergy symptoms persist well past the pollen season?
Naomi Shah: Hi sa inyong lahat. Ako si Naomi Shah, at ngayon ay magsasalita ako tungko sa ang aking pagsaliksik na may kinalaman sa kwalidad ng hangin sa loob at ng pasyente ng hika. 1.6 na milyon ang namamatay sa boung daigdig. Isa ang patay sa bawat 20 na segundo. May mga taong 90 porsyento sa kanilang buhay ay ginugol sa loob ng bahay. At ang pang-ekonomiyang pasanin sa hika ay humigit pa sa pinagsamang HIV at tuberculosis. Itong istatistikang ito ay may malaking epekto sa akin, pero ang talagang naging dahilan ng aking interes sa pagsaliksik nito ay masaksihan ang aking ama at kapatid na magdusa sa hindi magaling-galing na allegy taon-taon. Nakakalito para sa akin; bakit nariyan itong mga simtoma ng allergy kahit hindi na pollen season?
With this question in mind, I started researching, and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit. As soon as I realized this, I investigated the underlying relationship between four prevalent air pollutants and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients. At first, I just wanted to figure out which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients. But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model that essentially quantifies the effect of these environmental pollutants on the lung health of asthmatic patients. And it surprises me that no model currently exists that quantifies the effect of environmental factors on human lung health, because that relationship seems so important.
Dala ang tanong na ito, inumpisahan ko ang aking pagsaliksik, at nalaman ko na ang dahilan nito ay ang indoor air pollutants. Sa sandaling nalaman ko ito, inembistigahan ko ang pinagsaligang relasyon sa apat na laganap na air pollutants at ang epekto nito sa kalusugan ng baga sa mgapasyente ng hika. Nung una, gusto ko lang malaman kung alin sa apat na pollutants ang may malaking negatibong epektong pangkalusugan sa baga ng mga pasyente sa hika. Pero pagkatapos ng maikling panahon ay nakabuo ng bagong matematikong modelo na mahalagang nabigay ng kwantipikadong epekto sa mga environmental pollutants na ito sa kalusugan ng baga ng mga pasyente ng hika. At ikinagugulat ko na walng modelo ang mayroon ngayon na nagkukwenta sa epekto ng mga salik sa kapaligiran sa kalusugan ng ating baga, dahil ang relasyong iyan ay talagang importante.
So with that in mind, I started researching more, I started investigating more, and I became very passionate. Because I realized that if we could find a way to target remediation, we could also find a way to treat asthmatic patients more effectively. For example, volatile organic compounds are chemical pollutants that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces. They're everywhere. These chemical pollutants are currently not a criteria air pollutant, as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act. Which is surprising to me, because these chemical pollutants, through my research, I show that they had a very large negative impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients and thus should be regulated.
Kaya dahil dyan, ininumpisahan kong magsaliksik ng mas maigi, at maging mas maragasa. Dahil natantuhan ko na kung gugustuhin nating maghanap ng gamot dito, makakakita tayo ng paraan para gamutin ang mga may hika ng mas ma-igi. Halimbawa, ang mga madaling masunog na mga compounds ay mga kemikal na pollutants na makikita natin sa ating paaralan, bahay, at pinagtatrabahuan. Yan ay kahit saan. Ito ay mga kemikal na pollutants na hindi ngayon kasama sa itinuring na air pollutant, sa listahan ng U.S. Clean Air Act. Ito ay ikinagulat ko, dahil ang mga kemikal pollutants na ito, sa aking pagsaliksik, ay nakita kong may malaking negatibong epekto sa kalusugan ng mga may hikang pasyente at kaya dapat sila ma-kontrol ng batas.
So today I want to show you my interactive software model that I created. I'm going to show it to you on my laptop. And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today, Julie. And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered into my interactive software model. And this can be used by anyone. So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes, or someone who's really close to you who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder. So Julie's going to her doctor's office to get treated for her asthma. And the doctor has her sit down, and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate -- which is essentially her exhalation rate, or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.
Kaya ngayon gusto kong ipapakita sa inyo ang isang interaktibong software model na ginawa ko. Ipapakita ko siya sa inyo sa pamamagitan ng aking laptop. At may boluntaryo ako mula sa audience ngayon, si Julie. At lahat ng mga datos mula kay Julie ay ipinasok sa aking interaktibong software model. At sinuman sa inyo ay makakagamit nito. Kaya gusto kong ilagay ang inyong sarili kay Julie, o sa sinumang malapit sa inyo na may hika o nagdusa na isa pang sakit sa baga. Si Julie ay papunta sa opisina ng kanyang doktor para magamot ang kanyang hika. At sinabihan siya ng doktor na umupo, at kinuhaan siya ng pinakamataas na expiratory flow rate -- na kailangan sa kanyang exhalation rate, o ang dami ng hangin na mabuga niya sa iisang paghinga.
So that peak expiratory flow rate, I've entered it up into the interactive software model. I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height. I've assumed that she lives in an average household with average air pollutant levels. So any user can come in here and click on "lung function report" and it'll take them to this report that I created. And this report really drives home the crux of my research.
Kaya ang peak expiratory flow rate, ipinasok ko siya sa aking interaktobong software model. Ipinasok ko rin ang kanyang edad, kasarian, at kanyang taas. Ipinagpalagay ko na nakatira sya sa isang karaniwang bahay na may pamantayang lebel ng air pollutants. Kaya sinuman sa inyo ay lalapit dito at mag-click sa "lung function report" at makakarating sila sa report na ginawa ko. At ang report na ito ay ang talagang pinakabuod ng aking pagsaliksik.
So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner -- it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate in the yellow bar. This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office. In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph, it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate, what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be based on her age, gender and height. So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar, and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids, medication and inhalers."
Kaya kung ano ang pinakikita nito -- kung mapapansin niyo sa graf na iyan sa kanang bahagi -- ay pinapakita ang aktwal na pinakamataas na expiratory flow rate sa dilaw na bar. Ito ang sukat na kinuha niya sa opisina ng kanyang doktor. Sa bughaw na bar sa ilalim ng graf, ay nagpapakita ng kanyang pinakamataas na expiratory flow rate, kung ano dapat ang kanyang exhalation rate o kalusugan ng kanyang baga base sa kanyang edad, kasarian, at taas. Kaya makikita ng doktor ang pagkakaiba sa dilaw at bughaw na bar, at sabi niya, "Wow, dapat bigyan natin siya ng steroids, medikasyon at inhalers."
But I want everyone here to reimagine a world where instead of prescribing steroids, inhalers and medication, the doctor turns to Julie and says, "Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters. Clean out the air ducts in your home, in your workplace, in your school. Stop the use of incense and candles. And if you're remodeling your house, take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring." Because these solutions are natural, these solutions are sustainable, and these solutions are long-term investments -- long-term investments that we're making for our generation and for future generations. Because these environmental solutions that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school are impacting everyone that lives around her.
Pero gustong kong ibahin ang inyong pananaw na sa halip na maresita ng steroids, inhalers at medikasyon, ang doktor ay lilingon kay Julie at magsabi, "Bakit di ka bumalik sa inyo at linisin ang air filters. Linisin mo dapat ang mga air ducts sa inyong bahay, pinagtatrabahuan, at sa inying paaralan. Pigilang mong gumamit ng insenso at kandila. At kung nagplanong kang ibahin ang bahay mo, alisin mo na ang carpet at lagyan mo ng kahoy na sahig." Dahil ang solusyon na ito ay natural, ang solusyon na ito ay sustainable, ang mga solusyon na ito ay pangmatagalan -- ginagawa natin ang pangmatagalan puhunan na ito para sa ating henerasyon at darating pa. Dahil ang solusyong pang-kalikasan na kayang magawa ni Julie sa kanyang bahay, pinagtatrabahuan at paaralan ay makakaepekto sa lahat ng tao sa paligid niya.
So I'm very passionate about this research and I really want to continue it and expand it to more disorders besides asthma, more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants. But before I end my talk today, I want to leave you with one saying. And that saying is that genetics loads the gun, but the environment pulls the trigger. And that made a huge impact on me when I was doing this research. Because what I feel, is a lot of us think that the environment is at a macro level, that we can't do anything to change our air quality or to change the climate or anything.
Napakamaragasa ako sa pagsaliksik na ito at gusto ko pang ipagpatuloy at palawakin pa hangang sa mga sakit liban sa hika, marami pang sakit sa baga at mga pollutants. Bago ko tapusin ang aking pagsasalita, gusto kong liban kayo sa isang pahayag. At ang pahayag ay yun genetics ang naglagay ng bala sa baril, pero ang kapaligiran ang kablit nito. At iyan ay may malaking epekto sa akin nung aking ginawa ang pagsaliksik. Dahil naisip ko na karamihan sa atin ay nag-iisip na ang kapaligiran ay nasa malawak na lebel, na wala tayong magagawa para baguhin natin ang kwalidad ng ating hangin o para baguhin ang klima o anuman.
But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home, in our own school and in our own workplace, we can make a huge difference in air quality. Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors. And air quality and air pollutants have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients, anyone with a respiratory disorder and really all of us in general.
Pero kung bawat isa sa atin ay gumawa ng inisyatibo sa ating bahay, paaralan at pinagtatrabahuan, makakagawa tayo ng malaking epekto sa kwalidad ng ating hangin. Dahil tandaan niyo, 90 porsyento ng ating buhay ay ginugol natin sa ating bahay At ang kwalidad ng ating hangin at air pollutants ay may malaking epekto sa kalusugan ng may hikang pasyente, sinumang may sakit sa baga at lahat naman tayo.
So I want you to reimagine a world with better air quality, better quality of life and better quality of living for everyone including our future generations.
Kaya gusto kong mag-isip kayo ng panibagong mundo na may mas mabuting kwalidad ng hangin mas mabuting buhay at mas mabuting pamumuhay sa ating lahat lakip na sa sunod na henerasyon.
Thank you.
Salamat.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)
Lisa Ling: Right. Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly? Your Google Science Fair champions. Your winners.
Lisa Ling: Tama. Pwede bang umakyat sina Shree at Laureen ng mabilis? Ang inyong mga kampyon sa Google Science Fair. Ang mga nanalo.
(Applause)
(Palakpakan)