In 2009, in August, my office weathered two major scandals. The first was the arrest, trying and conviction and subsequent incarceration of Detroit's very popular mayor. The second caused the Detroit police department crime lab to be closed. I thought nothing else could go wrong. And then the phone rang.
2009 年 8 月,我的辦公室 經歷了兩次重大的醜聞。 第一個醜聞是底特律 非常受歡迎的市長 被逮捕、審判、定罪, 後來被監禁。 第二個醜聞導致 底特律警局犯罪實驗室被關閉。 我以為不會再有什麼事出錯了。 可接著,電話響了。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
It was the deputy chief of my special victim's unit, who was breathless on the other end of the line. He said, "Boss, you are never going to believe what I just saw." I had a sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach, because I knew instinctively that Detroit was getting ready to suffer its third major scandal, in just over one year.
是我的特案組副組長打來的, 在電話的另一端,他呼吸急促。 他說:「老大,你不會相信 我剛剛看到什麼。」 我有個預感,似乎出事了, 因為我的直覺知道, 才經過一年多,底特律已經準備好 要承受第三個重大醜聞了。
He told me that he had just visited what he thought was an abandoned warehouse where the Detroit police department was storing evidence. Inside were 11,341 abandoned, untested rape kits. Some of them went back to the 1980s. And some of them now are over 40 years old. These kits were spilling out of large, black garbage bags and empty oil drums. Each kit represented a victim, mostly a female, that had suffered a violent sexual assault. Each of them voluntarily endured an hours-long rape kit process, with the hopes that as a result of that they would find their perpetrator. And unbeknownst to all of them, all 11,341, those kits were never tested.
他告訴我,他剛剛造訪了 一間他以為廢棄的倉庫, 底特律警局把證據存放在那裡。 在裡面,有 11,341 個被拋棄的, 未經檢測的強暴證據採集包。 有一些標示的時間是八○年代。 有些已經有四十年的歷史。 這些採集包被從大型黑色垃圾袋 和空油桶中翻出來。 每個採集包都代表一個受害者, 大部分是曾經遭受過 暴力性侵的女性。 每一個人都自願忍受了 一小時的強暴證據採集過程, 希望最後結果是能夠找到 侵犯她們的行兇者。 沒有人知道,所有 11,341 個 強暴證據採集包 都從來沒有被檢測過。
I cannot even begin to describe -- oh! And by the way, before I move on, in the interim of those 40 years, those perpetrators were allowed to continue to offend with impunity. I cannot tell you or describe to you how outraged, mad and angry I was. I myself was a victim of sexual assault, back many decades ago, when I was in law school. I also am the mother of three girls, a 21-year-old and nine-year-old twins. I was even more horrified to learn -- if I could be more horrified -- that the oldest of those kits -- one of the oldest of those kits -- belonged to an eight-year-old girl. I'm going to tell you her story, but I'm going to call her Natasha.
我完全不知道要如何描述——喔! 在我說下去之前先順便一提, 在那四十年期間, 那些行兇者可以繼續 侵犯別人而不受懲罰。 我無法向各位陳述或描述 我有多麼憤怒、生氣,和惱火。 我自己也曾是性侵的受害者, 數十年前,我在讀 法律學校時發生的。 我自己有三個女兒,一個 21 歲, 兩個 9 歲,是雙胞胎。 更讓我感到驚恐的是—— 如果我還能更驚恐的話—— 那些採集包當中最早的—— 最早的採集包之一—— 屬於一個八歲的女孩。 我要告訴各位她的故事, 但我會把她的名字改為娜塔莎。
On January 2, 1990, Natasha was at home and a man knocked on her door. This man was familiar with her neighborhood and was familiar with the comings and goings of her family, but Natasha did not know him. He told her that her grandmother, the only mother that she had ever known, had been in a terrible accident and was laying on a couch in his house, calling for her. Terrified that Natasha was going to lose her grandmother, she went with him.
1990 年 1 月 2 號,娜塔莎在家, 一位男人敲了她家的門。 這個男人很熟悉她住的鄰里, 也很清楚她的家人 何時離家何時回家, 但娜塔莎不認識他。 他告訴她說,她的祖母, 唯一一個為她扮演母親角色的人 遇到了可怕的意外, 躺在他家的沙發上,呼喚著她。 娜塔莎深怕會失去祖母, 便跟著他走了。
But of course, we all know her grandmother was not there. Once he had isolated Natasha, who was eight years old, he began to rape her violently. He raped her with his mouth, his fingers and his penis. And he even forced his penis into her mouth. When he was done, he ordered Natasha to get dressed, he got dressed himself, and he put a blindfold across her head. And walked her to a factory area on the edge of the neighborhood. He asked her if she knew -- he removed the blindfold, and asked her if she knew how to get home from there. And when she indicated that she did, he let her go and he walked off.
但,當然,我們都知道 她的祖母不在那裡。 當他把八歲的娜塔莎 隔離開來之後, 他便開始暴力地強暴她。 他用他的嘴巴、手指, 和生殖器強暴了她。 他甚至將他的生殖器 強行插入她口中。 強暴完之後,他命令 娜塔莎穿上衣服, 他自己也穿上衣服, 接著把她的眼睛矇住。 他帶她走到那個鄰里 邊緣的工廠地區。 他問她是否知道—— 他把遮眼布拿掉了, 問她是否知道怎麼從那裡回家。 當她說她知道時, 他就放了她並調頭走開了。
Natasha's rape was reported immediately, and a rape kit was done. Now, the rape kit process terrifies and traumatizes adult women. Can you imagine what it was like for a little second-grader, who still wore pigtails and still believed in Santa Claus, going through this exam? Natasha's kit sat on the shelf in that abandoned warehouse for 26 years.
娜塔莎被強暴的事 馬上被向警方報案, 並完成了一個強暴證據採集包。 強暴證據採集的過程都會讓成年 女性感到害怕,造成精神創傷。 你們能想像一個小學 二年級的女孩, 還綁著辮子,還相信 聖誕老人的女孩, 還得接受這種檢測嗎? 娜塔莎的採集包就放在 那廢棄倉庫的架上, 放了 26 年。
Pamela, 19 years old -- I'll call her Pamela, that's not her real name -- nineteen years old, was walking down the street after she had come from visiting her boyfriend. She was grabbed from behind, and she felt what she thought was a gun, in her side. She was taken to an abandoned house, to a bedroom in that house, that was filled with trash. Every time she tried to resist, he would hit her about the face and the head. He violently raped her on the floor of that bedroom that was filled with garbage. When he was done, he put on his clothes, he stole her money, and he just walked away.
潘美拉,19 歲—— 我稱她為潘美拉, 那不是她的真名—— 她 19 歲,在街上走著, 她剛拜訪完男友。 有人從後面抓住她, 她認為她感覺到 有一把槍抵著她側邊。 她被帶到一間廢棄的房子, 帶進那間房子的臥室, 裡面都是垃圾。 每當她試圖抵抗, 他就會毆打她的臉或是頭。 他在那間臥室滿是垃圾的 地板上暴力地強暴了她。 他結束之後,穿上了他的衣服, 偷走了她的錢,就這樣走了。
Pamela also reported her rape right away. She also had a rape kit done. And like Natasha's, her kit sat on the shelf for 15 years. Now, criminals, like people who raped Natasha and Pamela, often leave their DNA at a crime scene. But for a rape victim, their body is the crime scene. So many elect to go through this hours-long rape kit process that requires every inch and orifice of a victim's body to be combed, swabbed and photographed. All right after a violent sexual assault.
潘美拉馬上報案。 她也完成了一個強暴證據採集包。 和娜塔莎的採集包一樣, 她的採集包在架上放了 15 年。 罪犯,像是強暴娜塔莎和潘美拉的人, 通常會把他們的 DNA 留在犯罪現場。 但對於強暴受害者來說, 她們的身體就是犯罪現場。 好多受害者選擇忍受一小時的 強暴證據採集過程, 過程中,受害者身體上的 每一吋皮膚和每一個孔 都必須要被徹底搜查、 拭抹,和拍照。 一切全都是在暴力的性侵害 之後立即進行。
The reason that most people do this, who have a rape kit, is because they want the forensic scientists to study that rape kit. And hopefully come up with a genetic profile that will help identify their perpetrator. Once forensic scientists come up with this genetic profile, they enter it into CODIS, hopefully have a match. CODIS is filled with DNA profiles of people who are arrested and/or convicted of certain prescribed offenses. If in fact a profile is made and entered into CODIS, it can help identify a perpetrator in the matter of minutes. CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System.
大部分人決定接受 強暴證據採集的理由, 是因為他們想要法庭科學家 分析那強暴證據採集包。 希望能夠找出基因側寫, 協助辨視出行兇者身分。 一旦法庭科學家找出了基因側寫, 就會把側寫送入 CODIS, 希望找到符合的人。 CODIS 中包含了那些由於 某些特定犯罪行為 而被逮捕或定罪者的 DNA 側寫。 如果確實有側寫被建立 並輸入到 CODIS 中, 就能在幾分鐘內協助找出行兇者。 CODIS 是 DNA 聯合 索引系統的縮寫。
Now, how did we get here? Detroit had no money. It cost, at that time that these kits were found, up to 1,500 dollars per kit to have it tested. So, you do the math about how much that was going to cost. In addition to that, within four years of these kits being found in 2009, Detroit would be the largest municipality in the history of the United States to declare bankruptcy. We didn't know what we were going to do.
我們怎麼會落到這步田地? 底特律沒有錢。 在這些採集包被發現的時候, 檢測每個採集包的成本 高達 1500 美金。 所以,你們可以自己算算看 總共要多少錢。 此外, 這些採集包是在 2009 年 被發現,在四年之後, 底特律就成了美國史上 宣佈破產的自治市 當中最大的一個。 我們不知道我們能怎麼辦。
But not only that. As we began to study and investigate how this possibly could have happened, we discovered there were other issues besides just financial ones. During the course of these decades where these kits sat in that warehouse, we discovered there had been multiple changes of police leadership, with different priorities and different agendas. There was woefully inadequate training for sex crimes officers in the police department in general. They were chronically understaffed, and they had other resource issues. And there was perpetual victim blaming when these victims came to report their crimes. That's the rape culture. And because of this victim blaming of someone that had been violently assaulted, some of these victim were even ridiculed into not continuing to proceed with their case.
但不只是這樣。 當我們開始研究和調查 這怎麼可能發生的時候, 我們發現,除了財務問題之外 還有其他的問題。 在這些採集包被放置 在倉庫的幾十年間, 我們發現,警方的領導階層 經歷了多次改變, 每次都有不同的 優先順序和不同的議程。 很令人遺憾的是,一般來說, 警局沒有幫性犯罪警員 做足夠的訓練。 長期以來,警局一直人手不足, 它們還有其他的資源問題。 且當受害者到警局報案時, 會有無止盡的責怪受害者現象。 那就是強暴文化。 因為受到暴力侵害的人 還要承受這種責怪受害者的現象, 有些受害者甚至被嘲弄 而決定放棄他們的案件。
The bottom line is, that 11,341 rape kits sat on that shelf. I wanted transparency. I asked myself: How in the world can we stop this from spreading? I don't want to go through all this work and five, 10 years down the line, figure we have the same issue.
結果就是,有 11,341 個 採集包躺在架子上。 我想要有透明度。 我問我自己:我們到底 要如何阻止這種狀況擴大? 我不希望到了五年、十年之後 還發現我們在處理著同樣的問題。
At that time, police officers had the sole discretion about whether and when and if they were going to submit the rape kits for testing -- any rape kit in their jurisdiction -- for testing. That had to change. We had to take that discretion away from police officers, and pass state laws to ensure that every rape kit released by the victim to law enforcement is tested immediately.
那時,警員可以自行決定 他們是否要,以及何時 將強暴證據採集包——轄區中的 任何強暴證據採集包——送檢。 這一點必須要改變。 我們得要把這項裁量權 從警員身上收回, 並通過州法, 來確保每一個受害者交給 執法單位的強暴證據採集包 都會立即被檢測。
I also knew that there had to be some kind of system to keep everybody honest and to keep everybody accountable, put in place, where we knew where these rape kits were, at any given time.
我也知道,必須要有某種體制 落實執行,讓每個人都誠實、都負責, 讓我們在任何時候都知道 這些強暴證據採集包在哪裡。
The answer was simple. Think about all of the hundreds of thousands and perhaps millions of packages, that are moved by a logistics company every day. They are scanned and tracked, and they know where they are, at every bend and turn, from the time that they're stored in the warehouse, until the time that that package arrives on the purchaser's front steps. Why couldn't we do that for rape kits?
答案很簡單。 想想看所有數十萬個 也許數百萬個包裹, 每天被物流公司運送。 它們會被掃瞄和追蹤, 它們在路上的哪個 轉彎處都很清楚, 從它們被存放在倉庫中開始, 到包裹抵達購買者家門口 為止,都一清二楚。 為什麼強暴證據採集包不能這樣?
I had no desire to reinvent the wheel. So I contacted UPS. UPS, within two weeks -- two weeks -- of our first meeting with UPS, they had come up with a major plan where they involved all the stakeholders -- the police officers, the prosecutors, the medical facilities, the forensic nurses, the hospitals, the lab personnel and the victim advocates, could know where the rape kits were at any given time. They sent a team of experts out and fanned the Detroit area, talked to all the stakeholders and developed a plan, and studied the life of a rape kit, from the time the rape kit was collected, through to the time that it was tested in the lab and returned to the police personnel.
我沒有打算浪費大量的時間或精力 去重新創造已經存在的東西。 所以我聯絡了 UPS。 UPS 在跟我們開會後的 兩個星期之內 ——兩個星期—— 他們就提出了一個大計畫, 計畫中納入了所有利害關係人—— 警員、檢察官、醫療機構、 法庭護士、醫院、 實驗室人員,以及受害者的律師, 他們都能隨時知道 強暴證據採集包的所在。 他們派出了一個專家團隊, 用扇形方式走訪整個底特律地區, 和所有利害關係人談過, 開發出了一個計畫, 並研究了強暴證據 採集包的生命過程, 從採集包被收集起來, 到被送到實驗室中檢測, 再回到警方人員手中。
They also developed a web-based portal that all the stakeholders could look into and see where any given rape kit was at any given time. UPS had the technology, UPS knew how to use that technology to solve our problem, and we didn't. We launched -- we, we -- UPS and the prosecutor's office --
他們也開發了一個網路入口網站, 讓所有的利害關係人可以隨時查詢 任何強暴證據採集包的所在。 UPS 有技術, UPS 知道如何用那技術 來解決我們的問題, 而我們不知道。 我們推出了——我們,我們—— UPS 和檢察官辦公室——
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
launched this pilot program in Detroit. And we started this process on January 28, 2015, through to May 25 of 2016. And during that period of time -- remember, we're not dealing with the ones we found, because they'd already been stored -- we're dealing with any new kit that came in as of January 28, 2015. And we knew where that rape kit was. For the 16 months of this project, we didn't lose a single rape kit. Not a single one. We knew where they all were.
在底特律推出了這個試驗性計畫。 2015 年 1 月 28 日, 我們開始了這個計畫流程, 一直到 2016 年 5 月 25 日。 在那段時間—— 我們處理的不是我們找到的那些, 因為它們已被儲存了—— 我們在處理的是新的採集包, 2015 年 1 月 28 日之後進來的。 我們知道那些採集包在哪裡。 在進行這個計畫的 16 個月中, 我們沒有弄丟任何一個 強暴證據採集包。 一個都沒掉。 我們知道每一個的所在。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
This project went on until the state of Michigan, the elected officials in state government, took notice of everything that UPS was doing. And everything that my office was doing. And they decided that they were going to use state funds to develop a state-wide tracking system. Not in just Detroit, but state-wide tracking system. Hopefully, that system will be up and running soon.
這個計畫繼續進行,直到密西根州 州政府的民選官員 注意到了 UPS 所做的一切。 我的辦公室所做的一切。 他們決定他們要用州資金 來開發全州的追蹤系統。 不只是在底特律, 而是全州的追蹤系統。 希望那個系統會盡快 推出並開始運作。
But I loved working with UPS. I loved their innovation, I loved how fast they worked, I loved their unorthodox approach to ideas to solve an everyday, common problem, whose solution should be simple. So, after working with them I knew that even with one company, working on one issue, the progress that could be made.
但我很愛和 UPS 合作。 我愛他們的創新, 我愛他們的工作效率, 我愛他們用非正統方法來想出 點子,解決日常常見的問題, 這些問題的解決方案 應該是很簡單的。 所以,在和他們合作之後, 我知道,即使只有一間公司, 處理一個議題, 還是可以有所進展。
We've been at this now for nine years. And it was nine years ago that we rescued those rape kits from the warehouse. That warehouse has since been torn down. But all of the kits have either been tested, or are in the final stages of being tested. We still have a lot of work to do in terms of investigation and prosecution of those cases, but our rape kit issue, in terms of testing, is done.
我們已經做了九年了。 九年前, 我們從倉庫中救出了 那些強暴證據採集包。 之後那間倉庫就被拆除了。 但所有的採集包都已經被檢測, 或是已經在檢測的最後階段。 就這些案件的調查和起訴方面, 我們還有很多要做的工作, 但我們的強暴證據採集包 檢測問題已經解決了。
As of June 28, 2018, our CODIS hits have showed us and identified 2,600 suspects. We have identified 861 serial rapists. Just within this project. That means 861 potential defendants that have raped within the project two or more times. And 50 to 75 of them have raped 10 to 15 times a piece. In one city, in one state.
到 2018 年 6 月 28 日, 我們的 CODIS 已經 辨識出了 2,600 名嫌犯。 我們比對出了 861 位連續強暴犯。 只是在這個計畫之內。那就表示, 有 861 個可能的被告人 在這項計畫的範圍內 就犯了兩次以上的強暴。 他們當中有 50~75 人 犯下強暴的次數達 10~15 次。 都在一個城市內,在一個州內。
Also, the CODIS results that we have have tentacles to crime scenes, have linkages in 40 states in the United States. Forty of the 50 states have tentacles to our crime testing of these rape kits. From Alaska to Florida and from Maine to the most southern parts of California. A sea to shining sea, string of CODIS hits.
此外,我們得到的 CODIS 結果 也和犯罪現場有所關聯, 在美國的 40 個州內都有連結。 50 州中就有 40 個州 和我們這些強暴證據採集包的 犯罪檢測結果有關。 從阿拉斯加到佛羅里達, 從緬因到加州的最南部。 從一岸到另一岸, 一連串的 CODIS 比對吻合。
Natasha is now 36 years old. When she heard about the work that we were doing with the rape kits, she contacted my office, the Wayne County prosecutor's office. Her kit was eventually tested. And it had identified Paul Warwick. In the interim, Paul Warwick had raped two more women. One in the state of Colorado. Paul Warwick is now serving a sentence in the Michigan Department of Corrections, in prison, of 15 to 40 years.
娜塔莎現在 36 歲了。 當她聽到我們對於 強暴證據採集包所做的努力, 她聯絡了我的辦公室, 韋恩縣檢察官辦公室。 她的採集包終於被檢測了。 且確定了行兇者的身分 為保羅·沃維克。 在這段期間,保羅沃維克 又強暴了兩個女人。 一位在科羅拉多州。 保羅·沃維克現在在密西根懲教署, 在監獄服刑,刑期 15~40 年。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Pamela's kit was also tested. And her kit led to the identification -- her CODIS hit on her kit -- led to the identification of Bernard Peterson. In the interim, Bernard Peterson raped 10 more women. Each of those women had a rape kit done. And each of those women's rape kits sat on that shelf next to Pamela's. For a varying number of years. Bernard Peterson is now serving a sentence in the Michigan Department of Corrections, concurrently -- that means at the same time -- of 60 to 90 years, and 90 years to 125 years, for the rapes that he committed.
潘美拉的採集包也被檢測了。 結果指認出—— 她的採集包 CODIS 比對—— 比對出伯納·彼得森。 在這段期間, 伯納·彼得森又強暴了十個女人。 這十個女人都有完成 強暴證據採集包。 她們的採集包通通都放在架上, 潘美拉的採集包旁邊。 分別放了很多年。 伯納·彼得森現在 在密西根懲教署服刑, 一併——也就是同時—— 為他所犯下的強暴 服 60~90 年及 90~125 年的刑期。
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We still have a lot of work to be done. And we desperately need the help of the private sector. We need the help of the tech industry. To help us develop -- not help us, we want them to develop -- information management systems, so we can all talk to each other and stop these perpetrators from raping and maiming and killing with impunity. We also need help from those of you with marketing and advertisement backgrounds. We need you, desperately we need you, to develop campaigns for our children and other people to listen to, so we can stop the culture, change the culture of rape victims being too afraid to come forward because of what may happen to them.
我們還有很多工作要做。 且我們非常需要私人部門的協助。 我們需要科技產業的協助, 協助我們開發——不是我們開放, 我們希望他們能開發—— 資訊管理系統, 這樣我們所有人就能彼此溝通, 阻止這些行兇者, 不讓他們強暴、傷人、 殺人卻不受懲罰。 我們也需要有行銷 和廣告背景的人的協助。 我們需要你們,非常需要你們, 來設計活動,讓我們的 孩子們和其他人能聽見, 這樣我們才能阻止、改變這種文化, 強暴受害者因為太害怕 後果而不敢站出來的文化,
UPS was one company, as I said. They helped us with their innovation, and they revolutionized the way that we can track rape kits. Every single aspect of our lives is tracked. Every like, every mood, shopping history, browsing history, reading history, our entire web history is tracked these days. What if we could track the activities and the comings and goings of criminals who commit crimes? Just like people track every aspect of our lives.
如我所言,UPS 只是一家公司。 他們用他們的創新來協助我們, 他們改革了我們追蹤 強暴證據採集包的方式。 我們生活中的每一個面向 都是可以追蹤的。 每一種喜好、每一種心情、 購物歷史記錄、 瀏覽歷史記錄、閱讀歷史記錄、 這些年來我們所有的 網路歷史記錄都被追蹤著。 如果我們能夠追蹤犯罪者的活動 以及來來去去的記錄,會如何? 就像別人追蹤我們 生活的每一個面向一樣。
In 2015, the Obama White House and the US Department of Justice put the number of untested, abandoned rape kits at 400,000, across this country. Four hundred thousand. That's a national pandemic. We know where a lot of those kits are.
2015 年,歐巴馬政府 和美國司法部 將全國各地未被檢測、丟棄的 強暴證據採集包總數 定為 40 萬個。 40 萬個。那是全國性的流行現象。 我們知道許多這些 採集包當的所在。
Our testing showed that women were raped waiting in their cars, waiting for friends, on their way to work, on their way from work, at gas stations, at shopping malls. And even one of the first cases that we did when these rape kits were starting to be tested, was a man who came into the window and got into the bed and raped a woman who was in bed with her two children. He raped her while he was in bed with her two children.
我們的檢測顯示, 有女性在車中等待時、 等待朋友時、 在上班路上、在回家路上、 在加油站、在購物中心被強暴。 當我們開始檢測這些採集包時, 最早做的其中一個案件 是一名男子走近窗戶, 爬進臥室並強暴了 和兩名孩子躺在床上的女子。 他強暴她的時候, 床上還有兩個孩子。
Every time I look at a rape victim that comes into my office, because their case is being called or they're being interviewed by the prosecutor, they are being prepped for case, I look into their eyes and I think to myself, they didn't have to be one of the ones that was raped. They didn't have to be one of those victims. And maybe they would not have been, if these rape kits had been tested timely. How many more Pamelas are in this world? How many more Natashas are in this world? We may never know. But what I do know is that you have the technology, you know how to use it and you can help us solve the problem of rape kits being stockpiled.
每當我看著來到 我辦公室的強暴受害者, 不論是因為她們的案件被傳喚, 或因為檢察官要與她們面談, 她們都在為了案件做準備, 我看著她們的眼睛,心想, 她們並不需要成為被強暴的人。 她們並不需要成為受害者人。 如果及時檢測那些強暴證據採集包, 她們就不會遇到這種事。 這個世界上還有多少個潘美拉? 這個世界上還有多少個娜塔莎? 我們可能永遠不會知道。 但我確實知道的是,你們有技術, 知道如何使用它, 你們能夠協助我們解決 強暴證據採集包堆積成山的問題。
Thank you.
謝謝。
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