At this very moment, with every breath we take, major delta cities across the globe are sinking, including New York, London, Tokyo, Shanghai, New Orleans, and as well as my city, Bangkok. Here is the usual version of climate change. This is mine. Nothing much, just a crocodile on the street.
此時此刻, 我們每呼吸一口氣, 全世界的主要三角洲 城市都在下沉中, 包括紐約、倫敦、 東京、上海、紐奧良, 以及我的城市,曼谷。 這是氣候變遷的常見版本。 這是我的版本。 沒什麼大不了, 不過是街上有一隻鱷魚。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
This is an urgent impact of climate change: over sinking cities. Here, you can see the urbanization of Bangkok, growing in every direction, shifting from porous, agricultural land -- the land that can breathe and absorb water -- to a concrete jungle. This is what parts of it look like after 30 minutes of rainfall. And every time it rains, I wish my car could turn into a boat. This land has no room for water. It has lost its absorbent capacity.
這是很迫切的氣候變遷影響: 在下沉的城市。 這裡,你們可以看到 曼谷的都市化, 向每個方向擴張, 從能滲水的農耕土地—— 能夠呼吸並吸收水份的土地—— 轉變成水泥叢林。 降雨三十分鐘之後, 有些地方就會變成這樣。 每當下雨, 我就希望我的車能變成船。 這片土地已經沒有 多餘空間容納水。 它已經失去了它的吸水能力。
The reality of Bangkok's metropolitan region is a city of 15 million people living, working and commuting on top of a shifting, muddy river delta. Bangkok is sinking more than one centimeter per year, which is four times faster than the rate of predicted sea level rise. And we could be below sea level by 2030, which will be here too soon.
曼谷大都市地區的現實 就是這個城市中有一千五百萬人, 在會移動的泥濘河流三角洲上 居住、工作、通勤。 曼谷每年下沉超過一公分, 這比預測的海平面 上升速率還要快四倍。 2030 年,我們可能 就在海平面下了, 很快就要發生了。
There is no coincidence that I am here as a landscape architect. As a child, I grew up in a row house next to the busy road always filled with traffic. In front of my house, there was a concrete parking lot, and that was my playground. The only living creature I would find, and had fun with, were these sneaky little plants trying to grow through the crack of the concrete pavement. My favorite game with friends was to dig a bigger and bigger hole through this crack to let this little plant creep out -- sneak out more and more. And yes, landscape architecture gives me the opportunity to continue my cracking ambition --
我這個景觀設計師在這裡不是巧合。 我小時候,是在連棟房屋中長大的, 旁邊就是繁忙的道路,總是塞車。 我的房子前面有一個水泥停車場, 那是我的遊戲樂園。 我唯一能找到 且能玩的生物, 就是這些躲躲藏藏的小植物, 試著從水泥人行道的 裂縫中長出來。 我和朋友最愛玩的遊戲, 就是從這個裂縫 挖出更大的洞, 讓這株小植物能夠爬出來—— 再多長出來一點。 是的,景觀設計 讓我有機會繼續我的雄心壯志——
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
to connect this concrete land back to nature.
讓這片水泥地重回大自然的擁抱。
Before, Thais -- my people -- we were adapted to the cycle of the wet and dry season, and you could call us amphibious.
之前,泰國人——我的同胞—— 我們適應了乾濕季節的循環, 你可以稱我們是兩棲動物。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
We lived both on land and on water. We were adapted to both. And flooding was a happy event, when the water fertilized our land. But now, flooding means ... disaster.
我們住在陸上和水上。 我們兩者都能適應。 發生淹水時我們很開心, 因為水能讓我們的土地更肥沃。 但現在,淹水意味著…… 災難。
In 2011, Thailand was hit by the most damaging and the most expensive flood disaster in our history. Flooding has turned central Thailand into an enormous lake. Here, you can see the scale of the flood in the center of the image, to the scale of Bangkok, outlined in yellow. The water was overflowing from the north, making its way across several provinces. Millions of my people, including me and my family, were displaced and homeless. Some had to escape the city. Many were terrified of losing their home and their belongings, so they stayed back in the flood with no electricity and clean water.
2011 年, 泰國遭受到史上最具破壞性 且損失慘重的水災。 洪水把泰國中部變成了一個大湖。 你們可以從圖的中間 看到淹水的規模, 對比曼谷的規模,用黃色框標示。 水從北方開始泛濫, 通過好幾個省。 數百萬我的同胞, 包括我和我的家人, 被迫離開家園,無家可歸。 有些人得要逃離城市。 許多人害怕失去 他們的家以及所有物, 所以他們留在淹水區, 沒有電力也沒有乾淨的水。
For me, this flood reflects clearly that our modern infrastructure, and especially our notion of fighting flood with concrete, had made us so extremely vulnerable to the climate uncertainty. But in the heart of this disaster, I found my calling. I cannot just sit and wait as my city continues to sink. The city needed me, and I had the ability to fix this problem.
對我來說,這場洪水清楚反映出 我們的現代基礎建設, 以及特別是我們認為 用水泥可以對抗淹水的概念, 讓我們在面對氣候的 不確定性時,變得極度脆弱。 但,在這場災難的中心, 我找到了我的使命。 我不能坐視我的城市持續下沉。 這個城市需要我, 且我有能力可以解決這個問題。
Six years ago, I started my project. My teams and I won the design competition for Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. This was the big, bold mission of the first university in Thailand for celebrating its hundredth anniversary by giving this piece of land as a public park to our city. Having a park sounds very normal to many other cities, but not in Bangkok, which has one of the lowest public green space per capita among megacities in Asia. Our project's become the first new public park in almost 30 years. The 11-acre park -- a big green crack at the heart of Bangkok -- opened just last year.
六年前, 我開始了我的計畫。 我和我的團隊贏了朱拉隆功大學 百年世紀公園的設計比賽。 這是泰國第一間 大膽做重大任務的大學, 目的是要慶祝一百年校慶, 把這片土地作為 我們城市的大眾公園。 在許多其他城市中, 有公園是很正常的事, 但在曼谷卻不是, 曼谷的人均公共綠色空間, 在亞洲人口百萬以上的大城市中, 是最低的其中之一。 我們的計畫成了近三十年來的 第一座新建公共公園。 十一英畝的公園—— 在曼谷的心臟地帶, 一個綠色的大裂縫—— 去年才開放。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲和歡呼)
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
For four years, we have pushed through countless meetings to convince and never give up to convincing that this park isn't just for beautification or recreation: it must help the city deal with water, it must help the city confront climate change.
四年來,我們在無數會議中努力, 始終不放棄說服大家 這座公園的目的 並不只是美化或娛樂: 它必須要協助 這個城市處理水問題, 它必須要協助這個城市 對抗氣候變遷。
And here is how it works. Bangkok is a flat city, so we harnessed the power of gravity by inclining the whole park to collect every drop of rain. The gravity force pulls down the runoff from the highest point to the lowest point. This park has three main elements that work as one system. The first -- the green roof. This is the biggest green roof in Thailand, with the rainwater tanks and museum underneath. In the dry season, the collected rain can be used to water the park for up to a month. The runoff on the green roof then falls through wetlands with the native water plants that can help filter and help clean water. And at the lower end, the retention pond collects all of the water.
它的運作方式如下。 曼谷是個平坦的城市, 我們傾斜整座公園, 利用地心引力收集每一滴雨水。 地心引力會把水流從最高點 引到最低點。 這座公園有三個主要元素, 結合成一個系統來運作。 首先是綠屋頂。 這是泰國最大的綠屋頂, 下面有雨水槽以及博物館。 在旱季, 收集到的雨水可以供應 公園一個月的澆水需求。 綠屋頂流下來的水會落入濕地, 本土的水生植物能夠協助過濾, 讓水變乾淨。 在低的那一端, 保留池能收集所有的水。
At this pond, there are water bikes. People can pedal and help clean water. Their exercise becomes an active part of the park water system. When life gives you a flood, you have fun with the water.
在這個池中有水上腳踏車。 大家能邊踩腳踏車邊協助清理水。 他們的運動變成公園 水系統的一個主動部分。 當生命給你淹水,你就好好玩水。 (改自當生命給你檸檬…)
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Centenary Park gives room for people and room for water, which is exactly what we and our cities need. This is an amphibious design. This park is not about getting rid of flood. It's about creating a way to live with it. And not a single drop of rain is wasted in this park. This park can hold and collect a million gallons of water.
百年世紀公園給人空間, 也給水空間, 這正是我們和我們的 城市所需要的。 這是種水陸兩用的設計。 這座公園的重點不在擺脫洪水。 而是要創造一種方式,與水共存。 在這座公園,沒有 一滴雨水被浪費掉。 這座公園能夠保存 和收集一百萬加侖的水。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Every given project, for me, is an opportunity to create more green cracks through this concrete jungle by using landscape architecture as a solution, like turning this concrete roof into an urban farm, which can help absorb rain; reduce urban heat island and grow food in the middle of the city; reuse the abandoned concrete structure to become a green pedestrian bridge; and another flood-proof park at Thammasat University, which nearly completes the biggest green roof on an academic campus yet in Southeast Asia.
對我來說,每一項計畫 都是一個機會, 可以在這座水泥叢林中 創造出更多綠色裂縫, 用景觀設計當作解決方案, 比如,把這片水泥屋頂 轉變成都市農場, 來協助吸收雨水; 減少都市熱島效應, 在城市中種植食物; 再利用廢棄的水泥結構, 將它變為綠色人行天橋; 國立法政大學還有 另一個防洪公園, 即將完成 全南亞校園中最大的綠屋頂。
Severe flooding is our new normal, putting the southeast Asian region -- the region with the most coastline -- at extreme risk. Creating a park is just one solution. The awareness of climate change means we, in every profession we are involved, are increasingly obligated to understand the climate risk and put whatever we are working on as part of the solution. Because if our cities continue the way they are now, a similar catastrophe will happen again ... and again.
嚴重的洪水是我們的新「正常」, 讓東南亞地區—— 海岸線最長的地區—— 受極大的風險。 創建一個公園只是一個解決方案。 意識到氣候變遷就意味著 在每個行業當中, 我們都有越來越多的 義務要了解氣候風險, 並把我們在做的任何事情 都變成是解決方案的一部分。 因為如果我們的城市 繼續現況, 類似的大災難會再次發生…… 一而再,再而三。
Creating a solution in these sinking cities is like making the impossible possible. And for that, I would like to share one word that I always keep in mind, that is, "tangjai." The literal translation for "tang" is "to firmly stand," and "jai" means "heart." Firmly stand your heart at your goal. In Thai language, when you commit to do something, you put tangjai in front of your word, so your heart will be in your action. No matter how rough the path, how big the crack, you push through to your goal, because that's where your heart is.
在這些下沉的城市中創造解決方案 就像是要讓不可能成為可能。 對此, 我想要分享一個詞, 我一直牢記在心的詞, 那就是「tangjai」。 「tang」的字面翻譯是堅守, 「jai」意味著「心」。 你的心要堅守著你的目標。 在泰文中,當你承諾要做某件事時, 你要把「tangjai 」 放在你的工作前面, 這樣你的心就會在你的做為當中。 不論路有多艱困, 不如何裂縫有多大, 你都要朝目標邁進, 因為你的心就在那裡。
And yes, Thailand is home. This land is my only home, and that's where I firmly stand my heart. Where do you stand yours?
是的,泰國是家。 這塊土地是我唯一的家, 我的心會堅守著它。 你的心堅守著什麼呢?
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Thank you.
謝謝。
Kòp kun ka.
謝謝(泰文)。
(Applause and cheers)
(掌聲和歡呼)