The Internet, the Web as we know it, the kind of Web -- the things we're all talking about -- is already less than 5,000 days old. So all of the things that we've seen come about, starting, say, with satellite images of the whole Earth, which we couldn't even imagine happening before, all these things rolling into our lives, just this abundance of things that are right before us, sitting in front of our laptop, or our desktop. This kind of cornucopia of stuff just coming and never ending is amazing, and we're not amazed. It's really amazing that all this stuff is here. (Laughter) It's in 5,000 days, all this stuff has come. And I know that 10 years ago, if I had told you that this was all coming, you would have said that that's impossible. There's simply no economic model that that would be possible. And if I told you it was all coming for free, you would say, this is simply -- you're dreaming. You're a Californian utopian. You're a wild-eyed optimist. And yet it's here.
Interneta, web-a guk ezagutzen dugun bezela, web mota -- hizketan ari garen gauzak -- 5,000 egun baino gutxiago ditu. Beraz guk ikusi ditugun gertaera guztiak, hasteko, adibidez, satelite bidez lurraren irudiak, ordura arte gerta zitekeenik imaginatzen ez genuena -- gauza guzi hauek gure bizitzetan, gure aurrean ditugun gauzen oparotasun hau, gure portatilaren edo ordenagailuaren aurrean eserita. Era honetako gauzen ugalmena datorrena eta amaierarik ez duena, harrigarria izanik ere ez gaitu harritzen Benetan harrigarria da guzi hau hemen izatea (Parreak) 5,000 egunetan, hau guzia etorri zaigu Eta badakit duela 10 urte, esan izango banizue guzti hau zetorrela, hori ezinezkoa zela esango zenidatela. Soilik ez dagoelako eredu ekonomikorik hau posible egingo duenik. Eta esango banizueke dohainik izango zela, esango zenuten, zera -- zu ametsetan ari zara. Zu Californiar utopiko bat zara. Gehiegizko optimista bat. Eta hala ere hemen da.
The other thing that we know about it was that 10 years ago, as I looked at what even Wired was talking about, we thought it was going to be TV, but better. That was the model. That was what everybody was suggesting was going to be coming. And it turns out that that's not what it was. First of all, it was impossible, and it's not what it was. And so one of the things that I think we're learning -- if you think about, like, Wikipedia, it's something that was simply impossible. It's impossible in theory, but possible in practice. And if you take all these things that are impossible, I think one of the things that we're learning from this era, from this last decade, is that we have to get good at believing in the impossible, because we're unprepared for it.
Dakigun beste gauza zera da, orain dela hamar urte, Wired bera ere hortaz hizketan ari zela ikusi nuenean, uste genuen telebista baino hobea izango zela. Hura zen eredua; hura zen denek ziotenaren arabera zetorkiguna. Eta gertatu dena ez da uste genuena. Lehenik eta behin, ezinezkoa zenez, ez da izan uste zen bezela. Eta beraz nire ustez ikasten ari garen gauzetako bat -- hortaz pentsatzen baduzue, Wikipedia bezela, soilik ezinezkoa zen gauza bat da. Teorian ezinezkoa, baina praktikoki posiblea. Eta ezinezkoak diren gauza guzi hauek hartzen badira, garai hontaz ikasten ari garen gauzetako bat, nere iritziz, azken hamarkadan, zera da, ezinezkoan sinisten ikasi behar dugula. ez bait gaude horretarako prestatuta.
So, I'm curious about what's going to happen in the next 5,000 days. But if that's happened in the last 5,000 days, what's going to happen in the next 5,000 days? So, I have a kind of a simple story, and it suggests that what we want to think about is this thing that we're making, this thing that has happened in 5,000 days -- that's all these computers, all these handhelds, all these cell phones, all these laptops, all these servers -- basically what we're getting out of all these connections is we're getting one machine. If there is only one machine, and our little handhelds and devices are actually just little windows into those machines, but that we're basically constructing a single, global machine.
Orduan kuriositatea dut datozen 5,000 egunetan gerta dakigukenaz. Baina horrela gertatu bazen azken 5,000 egunetan, zer gertatuko zaigu datozen 5,000 egunetan ? Beraz, ba dut nik hontaz historiotxo bat, eta planteatzen duena zera da, pentsa dezagun egiten ari garenaz azken 5,000 egunetan gertatu denaz. Ordenagailu guzti horiek, gailu txiki horiek, mugikor guzi horiek, portatil horiek, zerbitzari guziak -- azken batean konexio guzti horiekin makina bakar bat lortzen ari gara. Eta makina bakar bat izanik, gure gailu txikiak makina horren baitan lehiatilak besterik ez dira, baino oinarrian eraikitzen ari garena makina bat da, makina globala.
And so I began to think about that. And it turned out that this machine happens to be the most reliable machine that we've ever made. It has not crashed; it's running uninterrupted. And there's almost no other machine that we've ever made that runs the number of hours, the number of days. 5,000 days without interruption -- that's just unbelievable. And of course, the Internet is longer than just 5,000 days; the Web is only 5,000 days. So, I was trying to basically make measurements. What are the dimensions of this machine? And I started off by calculating how many billions of clicks there are all around the globe on all the computers. And there is a 100 billion clicks per day. And there's 55 trillion links between all the Web pages of the world.
Eta beraz hortaz pentsatzen hasi nintzen. Eta konturatu nintzen makina honek orain harte eraiki dugun makinarik fidagarriena dirudiela. Ez du matxurarik , gelditu gabe funtzionatzen du. Eta ez dago guk eraikitako beste makinarik hainbeste orduz dabilenik, hainbeste egunez ari denik. 5,000 egun etenik gabe -- sinestu ezina. Eta noski, Internetak 5,000 egun baino gehiago baditu ere -- web-ak 5,000 egun besterik ez ditu Eta horri buruz neurketak egiten saitu nintzen. Zein da makina honen tamaina ? Eta hasi nintzen kalkulatzen zenbat billoi klik egiten diren munduan zear ordenagailu guzietan. Eta erantzuna da 100 billoi klik egiten direla egunero. Eta 55 trilloi esteka daudela munduko web orri guzien artean
And so I began thinking more about other kinds of dimensions, and I made a quick list. Was it Chris Jordan, the photographer, talking about numbers being so large that they're meaningless? Well, here's a list of them. They're hard to tell, but there's one billion PC chips on the Internet, if you count all the chips in all the computers on the Internet. There's two million emails per second. So it's a very big number. It's just a huge machine, and it uses five percent of the global electricity on the planet. So here's the specifications, just as if you were to make up a spec sheet for it: 170 quadrillion transistors, 55 trillion links, emails running at two megahertz itself, 31 kilohertz text messaging, 246 exabyte storage. That's a big disk. That's a lot of storage, memory. Nine exabyte RAM. And the total traffic on this is running at seven terabytes per second. Brewster was saying the Library of Congress is about twenty terabytes. So every second, half of the Library of Congress is swooshing around in this machine. It's a big machine.
Eta orduan beste dimentsio mota batzuetaz pentsatzen hasi nintzen, eta zerrenda azkar bat egin nuen -- eta Chris Jordan ote zen, argazkilaria, zentzua galtzerainoko tamaina duten zenbakietaz hitzegiten zuena ? Ongi, hona horrelako zerrenda bat. Zailak dira esaten, baina billoi bat PC chip daude Interneten, Interneten dauden ordenagailu guziak kontatzen baditugu. Bi milloi email bidaltzen dira segunduko. Zenbaki oso handia beraz. Makina erraldoia da, eta mundu osoko elektrizitatearen ehuneko 5a behar du. Hauek dira ba espezifikazioak, espezifikazio orri bat betetzen ari bazina bezela: 170 quadrilloi transistore, 55 trilloi link, bi megahertzeko habiaduran dijoazen emailak, 31 kilohertz textu motako mezuak, 246 hexabyte datu gordeta. Disko handia alegia. Asko gorde daiteke, memoria -- bederatzi hexabyte RAM. Eta honen gainean dabilen trafikoa zazpi terabyte segunduko habiaduran doa. Brewsterren esanetan Congresuko liburutegiak hogei terabyte omen ditu. Beraz segunduro, Kongresuko Liburutegiaren erdia pasatzen da makina honetatik. Makina galanta..
So I did something else. I figured out 100 billion clicks per day, 55 trillion links is almost the same as the number of synapses in your brain. A quadrillion transistors is almost the same as the number of neurons in your brain. So to a first approximation, we have these things -- twenty petahertz synapse firings. Of course, the memory is really huge. But to a first approximation, the size of this machine is the size -- and its complexity, kind of -- to your brain. Because in fact, that's how your brain works -- in kind of the same way that the Web works. However, your brain isn't doubling every two years. So if we say this machine right now that we've made is about one HB, one human brain, if we look at the rate that this is increasing, 30 years from now, there'll be six billion HBs. So by the year 2040, the total processing of this machine will exceed a total processing power of humanity,
Orduan beste zerbait egin nuen. Ohartu nintzen 100 billoi klik egunean, 55 trilloi link, antzerako zerbait direla gure garunean ditugun sinapsiekin alderatuta Kuatrilloi bat transistore dira gure garunean ditugun neurona kopurua. Orduan hasierako hurbilketa batean, honako hau dugu -- hogei petahertz sinapsi tiro. Noski memoria ikaragarria dela. Baino hurbilketa batean, makina honen tamaina -- eta bera konplexutasuna, gure garunaren parekoak dira Horrela funtzionatzen du gure burmuinak -- nolabait web-aren antzera. Ordea, gure garuna ez da bikoizten bi urtero. Beraz esaten badugu guk egin dugun makina hau giza garunaren baten antzekoa dela, eta zein abiaduran hazten ari den begiratzen badugu, 30 urte barru, sei billoi giza garunen parekoa izango da. Horrela 2040 urterako, makina honen prozamendu gaitasuna gizadi guztiaren prozamendu ahalmen totala gaindituko luke,
in raw bits and stuff. And this is, I think, where Ray Kurzweil and others get this little chart saying that we're going to cross. So, what about that? Well, here's a couple of things. I have three kind of general things I would like to say, three consequences of this. First, that basically what this machine is doing is embodying. We're giving it a body. And that's what we're going to do in the next 5,000 days -- we're going to give this machine a body. And the second thing is, we're going to restructure its architecture. And thirdly, we're going to become completely codependent upon it.
datuei eta antzekoei dagokionean . Eta hau da, nere ustez, Ray Kurzweil-ek eta besteek iruditan ziotena gainditzera gindoazela Beraz horri buruz zer ? Ba, hona pare bat gauza. Nik hiru motatako gauza orokorrak ditut Esan nahi dudana da; hiru ondorio hontaz. Lehenengoa, funtsean makina hau egiten ari dena, gorputza hartzea dela -- gorputz bat ematen ari gatzaio. Hori da guk egingo duguna datozen 5,000 egunetan -- makina honi gorputz bat ematera goaz. Eta bigarrengo gauza, bere arkitektura-ren egitura berrantolatzera goaz. Eta hirugarrena, zeharo bere ko-dependienteak bihurtzera goaz.
So let me go through those three things. First of all, we have all these things in our hands. We think they're all separate devices, but in fact, every screen in the world is looking into the one machine. These are all basically portals into that one machine. The second thing is that -- some people call this the cloud, and you're kind of touching the cloud with this. And so in some ways, all you really need is a cloudbook. And the cloudbook doesn't have any storage. It's wireless. It's always connected. There's many things about it. It becomes very simple, and basically what you're doing is you're just touching the machine, you're touching the cloud and you're going to compute that way. So the machine is computing.
Goazen hiru gauza hauetaz hitzegitera. Hasteko, gauza guzti hauek gure eskuetan ditugu. Gure ustea da gailu guzti horiek bananduta daudela, baina gauza da, munduko pantaila bakoitza makina horri begira ari dela. Hauek funtsean makina horretako portalak dira. Bigarren gauza da -- batzuek honi "lainoa" deitzen diote, eta honekin nolabait lainoa ikutzen ari gara. Eta nolabait, behar dugun gauza bakarra laino-liburu ('clodbook') bat da. Eta laino-liburuak ez du ezer gordetzen. Kablerik ez du eta beti dago konektatua. Hortaz gauza asko dago. Oso sinplea da, eta oinarrian egiten ari garena makina bera ikutzea da, lainoa ikutzen ari gara eta horrela konputatuko da. Horrela makina konputatzen ari da.
And in some ways, it's sort of back to the kind of old idea of centralized computing. But everything, all the cameras, and the microphones, and the sensors in cars and everything is connected to this machine. And everything will go through the Web. And we're seeing that already with, say, phones. Right now, phones don't go through the Web, but they are beginning to, and they will. And if you imagine what, say, just as an example, what Google Labs has in terms of experiments with Google Docs, Google Spreadsheets, blah, blah, blah -- all these things are going to become Web based. They're going through the machine. And I am suggesting that every bit will be owned by the Web. Right now, it's not. If you do spreadsheets and things at work, a Word document, they aren't on the Web, but they are going to be. They're going to be part of this machine. They're going to speak the Web language. They're going to talk to the machine. The Web, in some sense, is kind of like a black hole that's sucking up everything into it. And so every thing will be part of the Web. So every item, every artifact that we make, will have embedded in it some little sliver of Web-ness and connection, and it will be part of this machine, so that our environment -- kind of in that ubiquitous computing sense -- our environment becomes the Web. Everything is connected.
Nolabait esateko, garai bateko konputazio zentralizatuaren ideiaren antzera. Gauza guztiak, kamera guztiak, mikrofonoak, kotxeetako sentsoreak eta gauza guztiak makinara konektatuta daude. Eta gauza guztiak web-ean zehar joango dira. Eta dagoeneko hori ikusten ari gara, adibidez, telefonoetan. Oraingoz telefonoak ez doaz webetik zehar, baina horretan hasiak dira, eta hala izango da. Eta adibidez pentsatu, esate baterako, Google Labs-ek duena esperimentu gisa Google docs-arekin, Google spreadsheets, blah, blah, blah -- gauza guzti hauek web-ean oinarrituak izango dira. Makinatik zehar dabiltza. Eta nik diodana da bit bakoitza web-ak bereganatuko duela. Oraintxe bertan ez da -- lanean egiten dituzuen kalkulu orriak, Word dokumentuak, ez daude web-ean, baina izango dira. Makinaren baitan izango dira. Eta web lenguaia hitz egingo dute. Makinari hitz egingo diote. Web-a zentzu batean, zulo beltz moduko bat litzateke, gauza guztiak xurgatzen dituena. Eta beraz dena izango da web-aren baitan. Elementu bakoitzak, sortzen dugun gailu bakoitzak, bere barnean webarekin konexio modu bat izango du, eta makina honen barruan izango da, horrela gure ingurunea -- nonahi dela - konputazio zentzuan -- gure ingurunea web-a bihurtzen da. Dena konektatua dago.
Now, with RFIDs and other things -- whatever technology it is, it doesn't really matter. The point is that everything will have embedded in it some sensor connecting it to the machine, and so we have, basically, an Internet of things. So you begin to think of a shoe as a chip with heels, and a car as a chip with wheels, because basically most of the cost of manufacturing cars is the embedded intelligence and electronics in it, and not the materials. A lot of people think about the new economy as something that was going to be a disembodied, alternative, virtual existence, and that we would have the old economy of atoms. But in fact, what the new economy really is is the marriage of those two, where we embed the information, and the digital nature of things into the material world. That's what we're looking forward to. That is where we're going -- this union, this convergence of the atomic and the digital.
Orain, RFID-ekin eta horrelakoekin -- edozer teknologia izanik ere, ez zaio benetan axola, zeren gauza guztiak izango dute txertatua bere baitan makinarekiko nolabaiteko konexioa, eta horrela lortzen da, funtsean, "gauzen interneta". Horrela, pentsatu oinetakoak zoladun txipak bezela, eta kotxeak gurpildun txipak bezela. Zeren oinarrian autoen fabrikazioaren kosterik handiena ezartzen zaien inteligentzia eta elektronikan datza, eta ez materialean. Jende asko ari da ekonomia berriaz pentsatzen gorputzik izango ez duen zerbait bezela birtual alternatiboa, eta ondorioz atomoen ekonomia zaharkitua izango genuke. Baina gauza da ekonomia berria bi hauen ezkontza dela, non informazioa txertatzen dugun, gauzen izaera digitala mundu materialean. Hori da gure aurrean dugun norabidea. Hara goaz -- bateratze horretara, atomiko eta digitalaren uztarketara.
And so one of the consequences of that, I believe, is that where we have this sort of spectrum of media right now -- TV, film, video -- that basically becomes one media platform. And while there's many differences in some senses, they will share more and more in common with each other. So that the laws of media, such as the fact that copies have no value, the value's in the uncopiable things, the immediacy, the authentication, the personalization. The media wants to be liquid. The reason why things are free is so that you can manipulate them, not so that they are "free" as in "beer," but "free" as in "freedom." And the network effects rule, meaning that the more you have, the more you get. The first fax machine -- the person who bought the first fax machine was an idiot, because there was nobody to fax to. But here she became an evangelist, recruiting others to get the fax machines because it made their purchase more valuable. Those are the effects that we're going to see. Attention is the currency.
Eta honen ondorioetako bat, nik uste dut, momentu honetan dugun media espektroa da -- TV, film, bideo -- azkenean dena euskarri bakarrean bilakatzen da. Eta nahiz eta ezberdintasun ugari izan zentzu batean, gero eta gehiago konpartituko dute elkarren artean. Horrela media-ri dagozkion legeak: kopiatzeak ez duela baliorik. Balioa kopiatu ezin diren gauzetan datza. Momentukoa, autentikotasuna, pertsonalizazioa -- mediak likido izan nahi du; gauzak doainik izatearen arrazoia hauek manipulatu ahal izatea da, ez doan izatearen zentzuan, baizik eta askatasunaren zentzuan. Eta sarearen efektuak agintzen du -- esanaz gehiago baduzu, gehiago jasoko duzu. Lehenengo fax makina erosi zuen pertsona zoro bat zen, zeren ez bait zegoen faxa bidaltzeko inor. Hala ere ebangelari gisa bilakatu zen, besteak bilduz fax makinak eskuratzera ze horrek egiten bait zuen erosketa baliogarriagoa. Horiek dira guk ikusiko ditugunaren efektuak. Adi egon behar da.
So those laws are going to kind of spread throughout all media. And the other thing about this embodiment is that there's kind of what I call the McLuhan reversal. McLuhan was saying, "Machines are the extensions of the human senses." And I'm saying, "Humans are now going to be the extended senses of the machine," in a certain sense. So we have a trillion eyes, and ears, and touches, through all our digital photographs and cameras. And we see that in things like Flickr, or Photosynth, this program from Microsoft that will allow you to assemble a view of a touristy place from the thousands of tourist snapshots of it. In a certain sense, the machine is seeing through the pixels of individual cameras.
Horrela lege hauek media guztietan nolabait zabaltzen doaz. Eta gorputz hartze honen beste gauza badela nolabait nik deitzen diodan McLuhan-en rebertsoa McLuhan-ek zion, "Makinak giza zentzumenen luzapenak dira." Eta nik diodana, "Gizakiak izango dira makinaren zentzuen luzapenak," zentzu konkretu batean. Beraz trilloi bat begi dauzkagu, eta belarri, eta ukimen, gure kamera eta argazki digitalen bitartez.. Eta ikusten dugu Flickr bezelakoetan, edo Photosynth, Microsoft-en programa hau leku turistiko baten ikuspegi batu bat lortzeko turistek ateratako dizkioten milaka argazkietatik. Zentzu batean, makina bera kamara bakoitzaren pixeletatik zehar begira ari da.
Now, the second thing that I want to talk about was this idea of restructuring, that what the Web is doing is restructuring. And I have to warn you, that what we'll talk about is -- I'm going to give my explanation of a term you're hearing, which is a "semantic Web."
Orain, esan nahiko nukeen bigarren gauza berregituratze ideiarena litzateke -- alegia, weba egiten ari dena berregituratzea da. Eta ohartu behar zaituztet, hitzegitera goazen hori da -- Nire ikuspegia emango dizuet entzuten ari zareten hitz batetaz, "web semantikoa" alegia
So first of all, the first stage that we've seen of the Internet was that it was going to link computers. And that's what we called the Net; that was the Internet of nets. And we saw that, where you have all the computers of the world. And if you remember, it was a kind of green screen with cursors, and there was really not much to do, and if you wanted to connect it, you connected it from one computer to another computer. And what you had to do was -- if you wanted to participate in this, you had to share packets of information. So you were forwarding on. You didn't have control. It wasn't like a telephone system where you had control of a line: you had to share packets.
Beraz lehenik eta behin, ikusi dugun internetaren lehenengo urratsa ordenagailuak estekaz lotzen zituenarena zen. Eta horri deitu genion sarea -- sareen Interneta. Eta ikusi genuen munduko ordenagailu guztiak izanez gero -- eta gogoratzen baduzue, pantaila berde moduko bat zen kursoreekin, eta ez zegoen zeregin handirik, eta bertara konektatu nahi izanez gero, ordenagailu batetik bestera konektatu behar zenuen. Eta egin behar zena, bertan parte hartu nahi izanez gero, informazio paketeak trukatzea zen. Horrela transmititzen ariko zinateke. Kontrolik ez zenuten. Ez zen telefono sistema bat bezela non zuk linearen kontrola duzun -- paketeak trukatu behar zenituen.
The second stage that we're in now is the idea of linking pages. So in the old one, if I wanted to go on to an airline Web page, I went from my computer, to an FTP site, to another airline computer. Now we have pages -- the unit has been resolved into pages, so one page links to another page. And if I want to go in to book a flight, I go into the airline's flight page, the website of the airline, and I'm linking to that page. And what we're sharing were links, so you had to be kind of open with links. You couldn't deny -- if someone wanted to link to you, you couldn't stop them. You had to participate in this idea of opening up your pages to be linked by anybody. So that's what we were doing.
Orain gauden bigarren urratsean, ideia, orriak elkar lotzea da. Lehen, hegazkin enpresa baten web gunera joateko, nire ordenagailutik, FTP gune batera joaten nintzen, ondoren, beste hegazkin enpresa bateko ordenagailura joateko. Orain orriak dauzkagu -- unitatea orrietan neurtzen da, eta orri bat beste bati lotzen zaio. Eta hegaldi bat erosi nahiko banu, Hegazkin enpresaren orrira joango nintzateke, bere web gunera, eta orri horretara joaten naiz. Eta partekatzen ari garena linkak dira, orduan esku zabalak izan behar dugu linkak trukatzean. Ez zenuke oztopatu beharko -- norbaitek zu linkatu nahi bazindu, ez zenituzke oztopatu behar; ideia honetan parte hartu beharko zenuke zure orriak irekiaz edonork linkatu ahal izateko. Hori zen bada egiten ari ginena.
We're now entering to the third stage, which is what I'm talking about, and that is where we link the data. So, I don't know what the name of this thing is. I'm calling it the one machine. But we're linking data. So we're going from machine to machine, from page to page, and now data to data. So the difference is, is that rather than linking from page to page, we're actually going to link from one idea on a page to another idea, rather than to the other page. So every idea is basically being supported -- or every item, or every noun -- is being supported by the entire Web. It's being resolved at the level of items, or ideas, or words, if you want. So besides physically coming out again into this idea that it's not just virtual, it's actually going out to things. So something will resolve down to the information about a particular person, so every person will have a unique ID. Every person, every item will have a something that will be very specific, and will link to a specific representation of that idea or item. So now, in this new one, when I link to it, I would link to my particular flight, my particular seat. And so, giving an example of this thing, I live in Pacifica, rather than -- right now Pacifica is just sort of a name on the Web somewhere. The Web doesn't know that that is actually a town, and that it's a specific town that I live in, but that's what we're going to be talking about. It's going to link directly to -- it will know, the Web will be able to read itself and know that that actually is a place, and that whenever it sees that word, "Pacifica," it knows that it actually has a place, latitude, longitude, a certain population.
Orain hirugarren etapa baten sartzera goaz, eta horretaz ari natzaizue, alegia, oraingoan datuak linkatzen ditugu Nahiz eta ez jakin gauza honek ze izen duen, Nik "makina bakarra" deitzen diot. Baina datuak linkatzen ditugu. Horrela makinaz makina goaz, orritik orrira, eta orain datutik datura. Ezberdintasuna da, orri batetik bestera linkatu beharrean, oraingoan orri bateko ideia batetik beste ideia batetara goazela, eta ez beste orri batetara. Orduan edozein ideia -- edo edozein item, edo edozein izen -- web osoan oinarritua dago. Elementu, ideia edo hitzen mailan ebazten da Bestalde, fisikoki ez ezik, ideia honetara bueltatuz ez da bakarrik birtuala, gauzak irtetzen ari dira. Orduan, informazio gehiago izango da pertsona konkretu bati buruz, pertsona orok izango du ID bakar bat. Denek, gauza bakoitzak, izango du zerbait oso bereizgarria, eta lotuko duena ideia edo gauza horren irudikapenera. Horrela orain berri honetan, hara lotzen naizenean, nere hegaldi berezira lotuko naiz, nire eserlekura. Horrela -- honen adibide bat emateko -- Ni Pacifica-n bizi naiz -- oraintxe Pacifica webean nonbaiten dagoen izen moduko bat da. Web-ak ez daki hura gaur egun hiri bat dela, eta ni bizi naizen hiri berezi bat dela, baina hortaz hitzegiten ariko gara. Badoa zuzenean lotzera -- web-a bere burua irakurtzeko gai izango da eta jakiteko gaur egun leku bat dela, eta horrek inoiz ikusiko balu "Pacifica," jakingo luke baduela leku bat, latitude, longitude, eta populazio kopuru bat.
So here are some of the technical terms, all three-letter things, that you'll see a lot more of. All these things are about enabling this idea of linking to the data. So I'll give you one kind of an example. There's like a billion social sites on the Web. Each time you go into there, you have to tell it again who you are and all your friends are. Why should you be doing that? You should just do that once, and it should know who all your friends are. So that's what you want, is all your friends are identified, and you should just carry these relationships around. All this data about you should just be conveyed, and you should do it once and that's all that should happen. And you should have all the networks of all the relationships between those pieces of data. That's what we're moving into -- where it sort of knows these things down to that level. A semantic Web, Web 3.0, giant global graph -- we're kind of trying out what we want to call this thing. But what's it's doing is sharing data. So you have to be open to having your data shared, which is a much bigger step than just sharing your Web page, or your computer. And all these things that are going to be on this are not just pages, they are things. Everything we've described, every artifact or place, will be a specific representation, will have a specific character that can be linked to directly. So we have this database of things. And so there's actually a fourth thing that we have not get to, that we won't see in the next 10 years, or 5,000 days, but I think that's where we're going to. And as the Internet of things -- where I'm linking directly to the particular things of my seat on the plane -- that that physical thing becomes part of the Web. And so we are in the middle of this thing that's completely linked, down to every object in the little sliver of a connection that it has.
Hemen daude beraz termino tekniko batzuk, denak hiru letra dutenak, ikusiko dituzue askoz gehiago. Gauza guzti hauek datuen loturei buruzko ideia azaleratzen dute. Emango dizuet adibide bat. Billoi bat gune sozial daude webean. Bertara sartzen garen bakoitzean, esan behar zaio nor zaren, eta nortzuk diren zure lagunak. Zergatik egon behar zara hori egiten? Behin egitea nahikoa litzateke, eta jakin beharko luke zeintzuk diren zure lagunak. Hori da nahi duzuna, zure lagunak identifikatuak izatea, eta datu hauek zurekin doaz Datu guzti hauek transmititu behar lirateke, eta behin egitea nahikoa litzateke eta hori horrela izan behar du. Eta sare guzti hau eduki beharko genuke datu ezberdin guzti horien arteko erlazioei buruz Horra goaz -- gisa honetako jakintza Web semantikoa bat, Web 3.0, grafika global erraldoi bat -- non saiatzen ari gara gauza honi izen bat ezartzen. Baina egiten ari dena datuak zabaltzea da. Irekita egon behar dugu datuak konpartitzera, eta hau pausu askoz handiagoa da zure web orria zabaltzea baino, edo zure ordenagailua. Eta honen inguruan izango diren gauza guzti hauek ez dira orriak bakarrik, gauzak baizik. Deskribatu dugun guztia, gailu edo leku bakoitza, errepresentazio konkretu bat izango da, zuzenean estekatu daiteken ezaugarri berezia bat izango du Horrela lortzen dugu gauzen datu basea. Eta bada laugarren gauza bat lortu ez duguna, eta datozen 10 urtetan edo 5,000 egunetan ikusiko ez duguna, baina uste dut hortara goazela. Eta gauzen Interneta bezela -- non zuzenean lotzen natzaio egazkineko nire jarlekuko gauzetara -- gauza fisiko horiek web-aren parte bilakatzen dira. Eta horrela gauza honen erdian aurkitzen gara objetu guziekin lotutzen gaituen konexio baten bitartez
So, the last thing I want to talk about is this idea that we're going to be codependent. It's always going to be there, and the closer it is, the better. If you allow Google to, it will tell you your search history. And I found out by looking at it that I search most at 11 o'clock in the morning. So I am open, and being transparent to that. And I think total personalization in this new world will require total transparency. That is going to be the price. If you want to have total personalization, you have to be totally transparent. Google. I can't remember my phone number, I'll just ask Google. We're so dependent on this that I have now gotten to the point where I don't even try to remember things -- I'll just Google it. It's easier to do that. And we kind of object at first, saying, "Oh, that's awful." But if we think about the dependency that we have on this other technology, called the alphabet, and writing, we're totally dependent on it, and it's transformed culture. We cannot imagine ourselves without the alphabet and writing. And so in the same way, we're going to not imagine ourselves without this other machine being there. And what is happening with this is some kind of AI, but it's not the AI in conscious AI, as being an expert, Larry Page told me that that's what they're trying to do, and that's what they're trying to do. But when six billion humans are Googling, who's searching who? It goes both ways. So we are the Web, that's what this thing is. We are going to be the machine. So the next 5,000 days, it's not going to be the Web and only better. Just like it wasn't TV and only better. The next 5,000 days, it's not just going to be the Web but only better -- it's going to be something different. And I think it's going to be smarter. It'll have an intelligence in there, that's not, again, conscious. But it'll anticipate what we're doing, in a good sense. Secondly, it's become much more personalized. It will know us, and that's good. And again, the price of that will be transparency. And thirdly, it's going to become more ubiquitous in terms of filling your entire environment, and we will be in the middle of it. And all these devices will be portals into that.
Orduan azkenik esan nahi dudana ideia da elkar-dependienteak izango garela. Bera beti izango da hor, eta gertuago izan, eta hobeto. Google-i uzten bazaio, zure bilaketen historiala esango dizu. Eta horri bergira aurkitu dut neronek goizeko 11-etan billatzen dudala gehien. Horrela ni irekia nago, eta horretan transparentea naiz. Eta mundu berri honetan personalizazioak, transparentzia eskatzen du. Hori da prezioa. Erabateko personalizazioa nahi bada, erabat transparentea behar duzu izan. Google. Ez dut nire telefono zenbakia gogoratzen. Google-i galdetzen diot. Iritxi naiz puntu bateraino, hontaz hain dependienteak bihurtu garenez ez naizela gauzak gogoratzen saiatu ere egiten -- Google-en sartuko dut. Errazagoa bait da. Eta garen bezalakoak garelako diogu, '" Beldurgarria !!." Baina pentsatzen badugu beste teknologiengan dugun dependentzian, alfabetoa eta idazketarekiko -- zeharo dependienteak gara, eta hori kultura bihurtu da. Ezin dugu imaginatu geure burua alfabeto eta idazkerarik gabe. Era berean, ez dugu gure burua imaginatuko makina hau hor ez delarik. Eta honekin gertatzen ari dena da nolabait kontzientzia gabeko Inteligentzia Artifiziala da --hontan jakituna den Larry Page-k esaten zidanez, hori lortu nahian ari direla beraiek, eta hortaz ari direla. Baina 6 milloi gizaki googleatzen ari diranean, nork nor bilatzen ? Bi norabidetan. Horrela gu gara weba eta hori da gauza. Makina bera izatera goaz. Horrela datozen 5,000 egunetan -- ez da izango weba edo hobea. Telebista edo hobea izan ez zen bezela. Datozen 5,000 egun -- ez da izango web-a, edo hobea; zerbait desberdina izango da. Nere ustez politagoa. Inteligentzia izango du, naiz eta konzientziarik ez izan. Bainan egiten ari garena aurrikusiko du, zentzu onean. Bigarrenez, askoz ere pertsonalizatuagoa izango da. Ezagutuko gaitu, eta hori ona da. Berriro diot, transparentziaren trukean. Eta hirugarrengoz, leku guztietan egongo da zure ingurunean erabat izango da, eta gu haren erdian izango gara. Eta gailu guzi hauek sarrerak izango dira bertara.
So the single idea that I wanted to leave with you is that we have to begin to think about this as not just "the Web, only better," but a new kind of stage in this development. It looks more global. If you take this whole thing, it is a very big machine, very reliable machine, more reliable than its parts. But we can also think about it as kind of a large organism. So we might respond to it more as if this was a whole system, more as if this wasn't a large organism that we are going to be interacting with. It's a "One." And I don't know what else to call it, than the One. We'll have a better word for it. But there's a unity of some sort that's starting to emerge. And again, I don't want to talk about consciousness, I want to talk about it just as if it was a little bacteria, or a volvox, which is what that organism is.
Orduan nik utzi nahi dizuedan ideia bakara da pentsatzen hasi behar dugula hau ez dela web-a edo "zerbait hobea" izango, garapenaren urrats mota berri bat baizik. Globalagoa dirudiena -- esandako guztia kontutan, Makina erraldoia da, oso makina segurua, bare osagaiak baino seguruagoa. Eta pentsa genezake berataz organismo handi bat balitz bezela. Eta systema global bat izango balitz bezela jokatuko dugu, organismo handi bat bezela baino. berarekin elkarreragiten duguna . 'Bera' da. Eta ez dakiz beste nola deitu, 'Bera' ez ezik. Izango dugu hitz egokiagorik. Baina hasi berria den zerbait da Eta berriro diot, ez dudala kontzientziaz hitzegin nahi, bera bakteria txiki moduko bat da, edo volvox bat, hala bait da organismo hori.
So, to do, action, take-away. So, here's what I would say: there's only one machine, and the Web is its OS. All screens look into the One. No bits will live outside the Web. To share is to gain. Let the One read it. It's going to be machine-readable. You want to make something that the machine can read. And the One is us. We are in the One. I appreciate your time. (Applause)
Beraz, badugu zer eginnik. Hara nik nola esango nukeen: makina bakarra da, eta web-a da bere Sistema Eragilea. Pantaila guziak berari begira. Bit-ik ez da biziko webetik kanpora. Konpartitzea irabaztea da. Utzi 'Bera'-ri irakur dezan. Makinak irakurtzeko modukoa izango da; makinak irakurri ahal duen zerbait egin nahi duzu. Eta 'Bera' gu gara -- gu gaude 'Bertan' Eskerrak zuen denboragatik. (Txaloak)