What's the fastest growing threat to Americans' health? Cancer? Heart attacks? Diabetes? The answer is actually none of these; it's Alzheimer's disease. Every 67 seconds, someone in the United States is diagnosed with Alzheimer's. As the number of Alzheimer's patients triples by the year 2050, caring for them, as well as the rest of the aging population, will become an overwhelming societal challenge.
Ancaman kesehatan apa yang peningkatannya paling pesat di Amerika? Kanker? Serangan jantung? Diabetes? Bukan itu semua; jawabannya adalah penyakit Alzheimer. Setiap 67 detik, seseorang di Amerika Serikat didiagnosa mengidap Alzheimer. Saat jumlah penderita Alzheimer meningkat tiga kali lipat tahun 2050, menjaga mereka, dan para manula lainnya, akan menjadi tantangan yang berat bagi masyarakat.
My family has experienced firsthand the struggles of caring for an Alzheimer's patient. Growing up in a family with three generations, I've always been very close to my grandfather. When I was four years old, my grandfather and I were walking in a park in Japan when he suddenly got lost. It was one of the scariest moments I've ever experienced in my life, and it was also the first instance that informed us that my grandfather had Alzheimer's disease. Over the past 12 years, his condition got worse and worse, and his wandering in particular caused my family a lot of stress. My aunt, his primary caregiver, really struggled to stay awake at night to keep an eye on him, and even then often failed to catch him leaving the bed. I became really concerned about my aunt's well-being as well as my grandfather's safety. I searched extensively for a solution that could help my family's problems, but couldn't find one.
Keluarga saya mengetahui persis perjuangan menjaga penderita Alzheimer. Tumbuh di dalam keluarga tiga generasi, saya selalu sangat dekat dengan kakek. Saat saya berumur empat tahun, kakek dan saya berjalan di sebuah taman di Jepang saat tiba-tiba ia tersesat. Itu salah satu momen paling menakutkan yang pernah saya alami, dan saat itu juga pertama kalinya kami menyadari bahwa kakek saya menderita Alzheimer. Selama 12 tahun terakhir, kondisi kakek semakin memburuk, terutama kebiasaannya berkeluyuran yang membuat keluarga saya tertekan. Tante saya, perawat utama kakek, berusaha keras setiap malam menjaga kakek, tapi masih sering gagal melihatnya turun dari kasur. Saya sangat mengkhawatirkan kesehatan tante saya dan juga keselamatan kakek. Saya berusaha keras mencari jalan keluar untuk permasalahan keluarga saya, tapi tak berhasil.
Then, one night about two years ago, I was looking after my grandfather and I saw him stepping out of the bed. The moment his foot landed on the floor, I thought, why don't I put a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot? Once he stepped onto the floor and out of the bed, the pressure sensor would detect an increase in pressure caused by body weight and then wirelessly send an audible alert to the caregiver's smartphone. That way, my aunt could sleep much better at night without having to worry about my grandfather's wandering.
Kemudian, suatu malam sekitar dua tahun lalu, saya sedang menjaga kakek ketika melihatnya turun dari kasur. Begitu kakinya menyentuh lantai, saya pikir, kenapa tidak saya pasang sensor tekanan di tumit kakinya? Begitu kakek turun dari kasur dan menginjak lantai, sensor tekanannya akan mendeteksi peningkatan tekanan karena berat badan dan kemudian mengirim peringatan ke ponsel cerdas sang perawat. Dengan begitu, tante saya bisa tidur nyenyak di malam hari tanpa harus khawatir kakek akan keluyuran.
So now I'd like to perform a demonstration of this sock. Could I please have my sock model on the stage? Great. So once the patient steps onto the floor -- (Ringing) -- an alert is sent to the caregiver's smartphone.
Sekarang saya akan mendemonstrasikan kaus kaki ini. Bisakah peraga kaus kaki saya hadir di panggung? Bagus. Jadi begitu pasiennya menginjak lantai -- (Berdering) -- peringatan dikirim ke ponsel cerdas sang perawat.
Thank you. (Applause)
Terima kasih. (Tepuk tangan)
Thank you, sock model.
Terima kasih, peraga kaus kaki.
So this is a drawing of my preliminary design.
Ini gambar desain awal saya.
My desire to create a sensor-based technology perhaps stemmed from my lifelong love for sensors and technology. When I was six years old, an elderly family friend fell down in the bathroom and suffered severe injuries. I became concerned about my own grandparents and decided to invent a smart bathroom system. Motion sensors would be installed inside the tiles of bathroom floors to detect the falls of elderly patients whenever they fell down in the bathroom. Since I was only six years old at the time and I hadn't graduated from kindergarten yet, I didn't have the necessary resources and tools to translate my idea into reality, but nonetheless, my research experience really implanted in me a firm desire to use sensors to help the elderly people. I really believe that sensors can improve the quality of life of the elderly.
Keinginan saya menciptakan teknologi berlandaskan sensor mungkin tumbuh dari kecintaan saya kepada sensor dan teknologi sejak lama. Waktu saya berumur enam tahun, seorang lansia teman keluarga terjatuh di kamar mandi dan menderita luka serius. Saya menjadi khawatir akan nenek kakek saya dan memutuskan untuk membuat sistem kamar mandi cerdas. Sensor gerakan akan ditanam di bawah ubin lantai kamar mandi untuk mendeteksi saat pasien lanjut usia terjatuh di kamar mandi. Karena saat itu umur saya baru enam tahun dan belum lulus TK, saya tidak punya sumber daya dan alat-alat yang dibutuhkan untuk mewujudkan ide saya, walau begitu, pengalaman riset saya menguatkan keinginan saya meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia menggunakan sensor. Saya percaya sensor mampu meningkatkan kualitas hidup para lansia.
When I laid out my plan, I realized that I faced three main challenges: first, creating a sensor; second, designing a circuit; and third, coding a smartphone app. This made me realize that my project was actually much harder to realize than I initially had thought it to be.
Ada tiga tantangan utama yang saya sadari saat menguraikan rencana: pertama, membuat sensor; kedua, merancang sirkuit; dan ketiga, membuat aplikasi ponsel cerdas. Ini menyadarkan saya bahwa proyek ini lebih sulit diwujudkan dari yang saya kira.
First, I had to create a wearable sensor that was thin and flexible enough to be worn comfortably on the bottom of the patient's foot. After extensive research and testing of different materials like rubber, which I realized was too thick to be worn snugly on the bottom of the foot, I decided to print a film sensor with electrically conductive pressure-sensitive ink particles. Once pressure is applied, the connectivity between the particles increases. Therefore, I could design a circuit that would measure pressure by measuring electrical resistance.
Pertama, saya harus membuat sensor yang cukup tipis dan fleksibel yang dapat dipakai dengan nyaman di bawah kaki pasien. Setelah banyak riset dan menguji beberapa materi berbeda seperti karet, yang saya sadari terlalu tebal untuk dipakai di bawah kaki, saya putuskan untuk mencetak sensor film dengan partikel tinta penghantar listrik yang peka terhadap tekanan. Saat terjadi tekanan, keterhubungan antar partikel meningkat. Jadi, saya bisa membuat sirkuit yang akan mengukur tekanan dengan mengukur hambatan listrik.
Next, I had to design a wearable wireless circuit, but wireless signal transmission consumes lots of power and requires heavy, bulky batteries. Thankfully, I was able to find out about the Bluetooth low energy technology, which consumes very little power and can be driven by a coin-sized battery. This prevented the system from dying in the middle of the night.
Lalu, saya harus membuat sirkuit nirkabel yang bisa dipakai, namun transmisi sinyal nirkabel memakai banyak tenaga dan memerlukan baterai besar dan berat. Untungnya, saya menemukan teknologi <i>Bluetooth</i> yang berenergi rendah, menggunakan sangat sedikit tenaga dan bisa dijalankan oleh baterai seukuran koin. Ini mencegah sistemnya mati di tengah malam.
Lastly, I had to code a smartphone app that would essentially transform the care-giver's smartphone into a remote monitor. For this, I had to expand upon my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode and I also had to learn about how to code for Bluetooth low energy devices by watching YouTube tutorials and reading various textbooks.
Terakhir, saya harus membuat aplikasi ponsel cerdas yang akan mengubah ponsel cerdas perawat menjadi monitor jarak jauh. Saya menggunakan pengetahuan pemrograman Java dan XCode saya untuk hal ini dan juga mempelajari cara memprogram perangkat <i>Bluetooth</i> berenergi rendah dari video tutorial di <i>YouTube</i> dan beragam buku pelajaran.
Integrating these components, I was able to successfully create two prototypes, one in which the sensor is embedded inside a sock, and another that's a re-attachable sensor assembly that can be adhered anywhere that makes contact with the bottom of the patient's foot. I've tested the device on my grandfather for about a year now, and it's had a 100 percent success rate in detecting the over 900 known cases of his wandering. Last summer, I was able to beta test my device at several residential care facilities in California, and I'm currently incorporating the feedback to further improve the device into a marketable product. Testing the device on a number of patients made me realize that I needed to invent solutions for people who didn't want to wear socks to sleep at night.
Dengan menyatukan komponen-komponen ini, saya bisa menciptakan dua prototipe, satu yang sensornya tertanam di dalam kaus kaki, dan satu lagi yaitu rangkaian sensor pasang ulang yang bisa ditempelkan di semua yang bersentuhan dengan bagian bawah kaki pasien. Perangkat ini sudah saya uji pada kakek saya selama setahun, dan 100 persen sukses dalam mendeteksi lebih dari 900 kasus keluyuran kakek. Musim panas lalu, perangkatnya saya uji coba di beberapa fasilitas panti jompo di California, dan sekarang saya menggunakan umpan baliknya untuk memperbaiki perangkatnya agar bisa dipasarkan. Menguji perangkatnya pada banyak pasien menyadarkan saya bahwa saya perlu menciptakan sesuatu untuk orang-orang yang tidak menggunakan kaus kaki saat tidur malam.
So sensor data, collected on a vast number of patients, can be useful for improving patient care and also leading to a cure for the disease, possibly. For example, I'm currently examining correlations between the frequency of a patient's nightly wandering and his or her daily activities and diet.
Jadi data sensor, yang diambil dari banyak pasien, bisa berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas rawat pasien dan mungkin juga untuk menyembuhkan penyakitnya. Contohnya, saya sedang mengamati korelasi antara frekuensi pasien keluyuran di malam hari dengan aktivitas dan pola makannya sehari-hari.
One thing I'll never forget is when my device first caught my grandfather's wandering out of bed at night. At that moment, I was really struck by the power of technology to change lives for the better. People living happily and healthfully -- that's the world that I imagine.
Saya tidak akan lupa pertama kali perangkat saya mendeteksi kakek turun dari kasur di malam hari. Saat itu, saya sangat terkesan dengan kemampuan teknologi dalam memperbaiki hidup. Orang-orang hidup dengan bahagia dan sehat -- itu dunia yang saya bayangkan.
Thank you very much.
Terima kasih banyak.
(Applause)
(Tepuk tangan)