I want to help you re-perceive what philanthropy is, what it could be, and what your relationship to it is. And in doing that, I want to offer you a vision, an imagined future, if you will, of how, as the poet Seamus Heaney has put it, "Once in a lifetime the longed-for tidal wave of justice can rise up, and hope and history rhyme."
Želim vam pomoći da ponovno razmislite o tome što je filantropija, što bi mogla biti, i kakav je vaš odnos prema njoj. I u tome vam želim ponuditi viziju, zamišljenu budućnost, ako hoćete, o tome kako, riječima pjesnika Seamusa Heaneya, "Jednom u životu željeni se plimni val pravde može dići, a nada se s poviješću rimovati".
I want to start with these word pairs here. We all know which side of these we'd like to be on. When philanthropy was reinvented a century ago, when the foundation form was actually invented, they didn't think of themselves on the wrong side of these either. In fact they would never have thought of themselves as closed and set in their ways, as slow to respond to new challenges, as small and risk-averse. And in fact they weren't. They were reinventing charity in those times, what Rockefeller called "the business of benevolence." But by the end of the 20th century, a new generation of critics and reformers had come to see philanthropy just this way.
Počet ću s ovim parovima riječi. Svi znamo na kojoj strani od ovoga želimo biti. Kad je filantropija ponovno otkrivena prije jednog stoljeća, kad je temeljni oblik izumljen, ni oni nisu smatrali da se nalaze na pogrešnoj strani. Zapravo, oni nikad ne bi o sebi pomislili da su zatvoreni i nepromjenjivi, da sporo reagiraju na nove izazove, da su mali i neskloni riziku. A i nisu bili. Oni su tada ponovno otkrivali dobročinstvo. Ono što je Rockefeller zvao "Biznis dobročinstva". No, do kraja 20. stoljeća, novi je naraštaj kritičara i reformatora počeo filantropiju gledati baš na onaj način.
The thing to watch for as a global philanthropy industry comes about -- and that's exactly what is happening -- is how the aspiration is to flip these old assumptions, for philanthropy to become open and big and fast and connected, in service of the long term. This entrepreneurial energy is emerging from many quarters. And it's driven and propelled forward by new leaders, like many of the people here, by new tools, like the ones we've seen here, and by new pressures.
Ono na što treba paziti dok se pojavljuje globalna industrija filantropije, a to se baš i događa, je ambicija da se te stare pretpostavke preokrenu. Kako bi filantropija postala otvorena i velika i brza i povezana, na dugi rok. Ta poduzetnička energija se pojavljuje s mnogih strana. Potiču ju i guraju naprijed novi lideri, poput mnogih ovdje, novi alati, poput mnogih koje smo ovdje vidjeli, novi pritisci.
I've been following this change for quite a while now, and participating in it. This report is our main public report. What it tells is the story of how today actually could be as historic as 100 years ago. What I want to do is share some of the coolest things that are going on with you. And as I do that, I'm not going to dwell much on the very large philanthropy that everybody already knows about -- the Gates or the Soros or the Google. Instead, what I want to do is talk about the philanthropy of all of us: the democratization of philanthropy. This is a moment in history when the average person has more power than at any time.
Pratim tu promjenu i sudjelujem u njoj već duže vremena. Ovo izvješće je naše glavno izvješće za javnost. Ono što nam govori je da bi današnjica mogla biti jednako povijesna kao i vrijeme prije 100 godina. Želim s vama podijeliti neke od najzanimljivijih stvari koje se događaju. Dok to činim, neću se puno zadržavati na velikoj filantropiji o kojoj svi već znaju, o Gatesu, Sorosu i Googleu. Umjesto toga, želim govoriti o filantropiji svakoga od nas. O demokratizaciji filantropije. Ovo je trenutak u povijesti kad prosječan čovjek ima više moći nego ikad ranije.
What I'm going to do is look at five categories of experiments, each of which challenges an old assumption of philanthropy. The first is mass collaboration, represented here by Wikipedia. Now, this may surprise you. But remember, philanthropy is about giving of time and talent, not just money. Clay Shirky, that great chronicler of everything networked, has captured the assumption that this challenges in such a beautiful way. He said, "We have lived in this world where little things are done for love and big things for money. Now we have Wikipedia. Suddenly big things can be done for love."
Promotrit ću pet kategorija eksperimenata, od kojih svaki propituje stare filantropske pretpostavke. Prvi je masovna suradnja koju ovdje predstavlja Wikipedia. Ovo će vas možda iznenaditi. Ali zapamtite, filantropija je davanje vremena i nadarenosti, ne samo novca. Clay Shirky, veliki kroničar svega umreženog, je opisao pretpostavku koju to propituje na tako lijep način. Rekao je, "Živjeli smo u ovom svijetu gdje se male stvari čine iz ljubavi, a velike za novac. Sada imamo Wikipediju. Iznenada se i velike stvari mogu činiti iz ljubavi".
Watch, this spring, for Paul Hawken's new book -- Author and entrepreneur many of you may know about. The book is called "Blessed Unrest." And when it comes out, a series of wiki sites under the label WISER, are going to launch at the same time. WISER stands for World Index for Social and Environmental Responsibility. WISER sets out to document, link and empower what Paul calls the largest movement, and fastest-growing movement in human history: humanity's collective immune response to today's threats. Now, all of these big things for love -- experiments -- aren't going to take off. But the ones that do are going to be the biggest, the most open, the fastest, the most connected form of philanthropy in human history.
Obratite pažnju, ovog proljeća, na novu knjigu Paula Hawkena. Autora i poduzetnika za kojega mnogi od vas možda znaju. Naslov knjige je „Blaženi nemir“. Kad knjiga iziđe, niz wiki stranica pod nazivom WISER, pokrenut će se istodobno. WISER je skraćenica za Svjetski indeks odgovornosti za društvo i okoliš. WISER ima zadaću dokumentirati, povezati i osnažiti ono što Paul zove najveći pokret i najbrže rastući pokret u povijesti čovječanstva. Kolektivna imuna reakcija čovječanstva na prijetnje današnjice. Svi ti eksperimenti neće uspjeti. Ali oni koji uspiju bit će najveći, najotvoreniji, najbrži i najpovezaniji oblik filantropije u ljudskoj povijesti.
Second category is online philanthropy marketplaces. This is, of course, to philanthropy what eBay and Amazon are to commerce. Think of it as peer-to-peer philanthropy. And this challenges yet another assumption, which is that organized philanthropy is only for the very wealthy. Take a look, if you haven't, at DonorsChoose. Omidyar Network has made a big investment in DonorsChoose. It's one of the best known of these new marketplaces where a donor can go straight into a classroom and connect with what a teacher says they need. Take a look at Changing the Present, started by a TEDster, next time you need a wedding present or a holiday present. GiveIndia is for a whole country. And it goes on and on.
Druga kategorija je filantropsko trgovanje na Internetu. Naravno, ovo je za filantropiju ono što su eBay i Amazon za trgovinu. Gledajte na to kao na filantropiju razmjene. A to propituje i drugu pretpostavku, da je organizirana filantropija samo za vrlo bogate. Pogledajte, ako niste, na DonorsChoose (Donatori biraju). Omidyar Network je puno investirala u DonorsChoose. Ona je jedna od najpoznatijih novih „tržnica“ gdje donator može otići ravno u učionicu i povezati se s onim što učitelj kaže da trebaju. Pogledajte i Changing the Present (Mijenjajmo sadašnjost), koji je pokrenuo sudionik TED-a, kad vam idući puta bude trebao svadbeni ili kakav drugi poklon. GiveIndia je za cijelu zemlju. I tako dalje, i tako dalje.
The third category is represented by Warren Buffet, which I call aggregated giving. It's not just that Warren Buffet was so amazingly generous in that historic act last summer. It's that he challenged another assumption, that every giver should have his or her own fund or foundation. There are now, today, so many new funds that are aggregating giving and investing, bringing together people around a common goal, to think bigger. One of the best known is Acumen Fund, led by Jacqueline Novogratz, a TEDster who got a big boost here at TED. But there are many others: New Profit in Cambridge, New School's Venture Fund in Silicon Valley, Venture Philanthropy Partners in Washington, Global Fund for Women in San Francisco. Take a look at these. These funds are to philanthropy what venture capital, private equity, and eventually mutual funds are to investing, but with a twist -- because often a community forms around these funds, as it has at Acumen and other places.
Treću kategoriju predstavlja Warren Buffet. Ono što nazivam kumulativno davanje. Ne samo da je Warren Buffet bio tako zapanjujuće darežljiv u onom povijesnom činu prošloga ljeta. On je i izazvao sljedeću pretpostavku, da svaki darovatelj mora imati svoj vlastiti fond ili fondaciju. Danas ima toliko mnogo novih fondova koji akumuliraju davanje i ulaganje, i povezuju ljude u zajedničkom cilju, razmišljanju o većim stvarima. Jedan od najpoznatijih je Acumen Fund, koji vodi Jacqueline Novogratz, članica TED-a koja je dobila veliko ohrabrenje na TED-u. Ali tu su i mnogi drugi. New Profit u Cambridgeu, New School's Venture Fund u Silikonskoj dolini, Venture Philanthropy Partners u Washingtonu, Global Fund for Women u San Franciscu. Pogledajte ih. Ti fondovi su za filantropiju ono što su ulagački kapital i investicijski fondovi za investicije. Ali s dodatkom, jer se oko tih fondova često okuplja zajednica, kao što se dogodilo kod Acumena i drugih.
Now, imagine for a second these first three types of experiments: mass collaboration, online marketplaces, aggregated giving. And understand how they help us re-perceive what organized philanthropy is. It's not about foundations necessarily; it's about the rest of us. And imagine the mash-up, if you will, of these things, in the future, when these things come together in the experiments of the future -- imagine that somebody puts up, say, 100 million dollars for an inspiring goal -- there were 21 gifts of 100 million dollars or more in the US last year, not out of the question -- but only puts it up if it's matched by millions of small gifts from around the globe, thereby engaging lots of people, and building visibility and engaging people in the goal that's stated.
Zamislite na sekundu ova prva tri tipa eksperimenata, masovnu suradnju, Internet tržište i kumulativno davanje. I shvatite kako nam oni pomažu da ponovno osmislimo pojam organizirane filantropije. Nije nužno riječ o temeljima; riječ je o nama ostalima. I zamislite splet tih stvari u budućnosti, kada se sve to poveže u budućim eksperimentima -- zamislite da netko uloži, recimo, 100 milijuna dolara za neku nadahnutu svrhu -- bilo je 21 darovanje od 100 milijuna ili više u SAD lani, znači nije nemoguće -- ali taj ulaže samo ako mu se pridruže milijuni sitnih darova iz cijelog svijeta. Na taj način bi uključio mnogo ljudi, povećao vidljivost i angažirao ljude za proklamirani cilj.
I'm going to look quickly at the fourth and fifth categories, which are innovation, competitions and social investing. They're betting a visible competition, a prize, can attract talent and money to some of the most difficult issues, and thereby speed the solution. This tackles yet another assumption, that the giver and the organization is at the center, as opposed to putting the problem at the center. You can look to these innovators to help us especially with things that require technological or scientific solution.
Razmotrit ću brzo četvrtu i petu kategoriju eksperimenta, inovacije, nadmetanje i društveno investiranje. Ti eksperimenti se klade na to da vidljivo nadmetanje, nagrada, mogu privući novac i talente u rješavanje najtežih problema i na taj način ubrzati pronalazak rješenja. Ovo propituje novu pretpostavku, da su darovatelj i organizacija u središtu, umjesto da se problem postavi u središte. Od tih inovatora možemo očekivati pomoć naročito sa stvarima koje zahtijevaju tehnološka ili znanstvena rješenja.
That leaves the final category, social investing, which is really, anyway, the biggest of them all, represented here by Xigi.net. And this, of course, tackles the biggest assumption of all, that business is business, and philanthropy is the vehicle of people who want to create change in the world. Xigi is a new community site that's built by the community, linking and mapping this new social capital market. It lists already 1,000 entities that are offering debt and equity for social enterprise. So we can look to these innovators to help us remember that if we can leverage even a small amount of the capital that seeks a return, the good that can be driven could be astonishing.
Na kraju imamo posljednju kategoriju, društveno investiranje, koje je, zapravo, najveće od svih. Ovdje ga predstavlja Xigi.net. A to propituje najvažniju pretpostavku, da je posao posao, a filantropija je sredstvo pomoću kojega ljudi žele promijeniti svijet. Xigi je nova društvena mreža koju izgrađuje sama zajednica, povezujući i mapirajući to novo tržište društvenog kapitala. Na popisu već ima 1.000 poduzeća koja nude dug i kapital za društvene projekte. Možemo promatrati te inovatore koji nam pomažu da ne zaboravimo da ako možemo upotrijebiti čak i malu količinu kapitala od povrata na investiciju, dobro koje može proizići bi moglo biti zapanjujuće.
Now, what's really interesting here is that we're not thinking our way into a new way of acting; we're acting our way into a new way of thinking. Philanthropy is reorganizing itself before our very eyes. And even though all of the experiments and all of the big givers don't yet fulfill this aspiration, I think this is the new zeitgeist: open, big, fast, connected, and, let us also hope, long. We have got to realize that it is going to take a long time to do these things. If we don't develop the stamina to stick with things -- whatever it is you pick, stick with it -- all of this stuff is just going to be, you know, a fad.
Ono što je tu stvarno zanimljivo je da ne osmišljavamo novi način djelovanja. Mi djelovanjem stvaramo novi način razmišljanja. Filantropija se reorganizira pred našim očima. I premda svi eksperimenti i svi veliki darovatelji još nisu sasvim ispunili ove ambicije, mislim da je to novi zeitgeist: otvoren, velik, brz, povezan. Nadajmo se također, i dug. Moramo shvatiti da će trebati dugo vremena da to postignemo. Ako ne razvijemo izdržljivost da ustrajemo u stvarima -- što god odaberete, ustrajte u tome -- sve to će ispasti, znate, pomodno.
But I'm really hopeful. And I'm hopeful because it's not only philanthropy that's reorganizing itself, it's also whole other portions of the social sector, and of business, that are busy challenging "business as usual." And everywhere I go, including here at TED, I feel that there is a new moral hunger that is growing. What we're seeing is people really wrestling to describe what is this new thing that's happening. Words like "philanthrocapitalism," and "natural capitalism," and "philanthroentrepreneur," and "venture philanthropy." We don't have a language for it yet. Whatever we call it, it's new, it's beginning, and I think it's gong to quite significant.
Ali zaista se nadam. Nadam se zato što se ne reorganizira samo filantropija. To se događa i s čitavim drugim dijelovima društvenog sektora, i poslovnog sektora, koji propituju ideju „biznis po starom“. Svuda gdje dođem, uključujući i ovdje na TED-u, osjećam da postoji nova moralna glad i da raste. Vidimo da se ljudi doista muče opisati ta nova događanja. Pojmovi poput „filantrokapitalizam“ i „prirodni kapitalizam“ i „filantropoduzetnik“ i „ulagačka filantropija“. Za to još nemamo terminologiju. Kako god to nazvali, novo je, u nastajanju je, i mislim da će biti vrlo značajno.
And that's where my imagined future comes in, which I am going to call the social singularity. Many of you will realize that I'm ripping a bit off of the science fiction writer Vernor Vinge's notion of a technological singularity, where a number of trends accelerate and converge and come together to create, really, a shockingly new reality. It may be that the social singularity ahead is the one that we fear the most: a convergence of catastrophes, of environmental degradation, of weapons of mass destruction, of pandemics, of poverty. That's because our ability to confront the problems that we face has not kept pace with our ability to create them. And as we've heard here, it is no exaggeration to say that we hold the future of our civilization in our hands as never before.
I tu nastupa moja zamišljena budućnost. Nazvat ću je društvenim singularitetom. Mnogi među vama će shvatiti da malo kradem od pisca znanstvene fantastike Vernora Vingea i njegovog pojma tehnološkog singulariteta, gdje se brojni trendovi ubrzavaju i konvergiraju i združuju da stvore šokantnu novu stvarnost. Moglo bi biti da je društveni singularitet pred nama onaj kojega se najviše plašimo. Konvergencija katastrofa, degradacije okoliša, oružja masovnog uništenja, pandemije, siromaštva. To je stoga što naša sposobnost rješavanja problema s kojima se suočavamo ne prati tempo naše sposobnosti da ih stvaramo. I kao što smo ovdje čuli, nije pretjerivanje reći da je budućnost naše civilizacije u našim rukama kao nikada ranije.
The question is, is there a positive social singularity? Is there a frontier for us of how we live together? Our future doesn't have to be imagined. We can create a future where hope and history rhyme. But we have a problem. Our experience to date, both individually and collectively, hasn't prepared us for what we're going to need to do, or who we're going to need to be. We are going to need a new generation of citizen leaders willing to commit ourselves to growing and changing and learning as rapidly as possible. That's why I have one last thing I want to show you.
Pitanje je, postoji li pozitivni društveni singularitet? Postoji li granica našeg zajedničkog života? Naša budućnost ne mora biti zamišljena. Možemo stvoriti budućnost u kojoj se nada i povijest rimuju. Ali imamo problem. Naše dosadašnje iskustvo, individualno i kolektivno, nije nas pripremilo za ono što ćemo morati učiniti, za ono kakvi ćemo morati biti. Trebat će nam novi naraštaj građana-lidera spremnih da nas posvete razvoju, promjeni i učenju što je brže moguće. I zato vam imam još jednu stvar za pokazati.
This is a photograph taken about 100 years ago of my grandfather and great-grandfather. This is a newspaper publisher and a banker. And they were great community leaders. And, yes, they were great philanthropists. I keep this photograph close by to me -- it's in my office -- because I've always felt a mystical connection to these two men, both of whom I never knew. And so, in their honor, I want to offer you this blank slide. And I want you to imagine that this a photograph of you. And I want you to think about the community that you want to be part of creating. Whatever that means to you. And I want you to imagine that it's 100 years from now, and your grandchild, or great-grandchild, or niece or nephew or god-child, is looking at this photograph of you. What is the story you most want for them to tell? Thank you very much. (Applause)
Ovo je fotografija otprije 100 godina; prikazuje moga djeda i pradjeda. Novinski izdavač i bankar. Bili su oni sjajni vođe u svojoj zajednici. I bili su veliki filantropi. Držim ovu fotografiju blizu. Nalazi se u mojem uredu. Jer sam oduvijek osjećala mističnu povezanost s tom dvojicom ljudi, koje nisam nikad upoznala. I zato, u njihovu čast, nudim vam ovaj prazan kadar. Želim da zamislite da fotografija prikazuje vas. I želim da razmislite o zajednici u izgradnji koje želite sudjelovati. Što god to za vas predstavljalo. I hoću da zamislite da je prošlo 100 godina od danas, i vaš unuk ili praunuk, ili nećakinja, nećak ili kumče, promatra tu fotografiju na kojoj ste vi. Koju priču biste najviše voljeli da pričaju o vama? Hvala vam lijepa. (Pljesak)