The Hindus say, "Nada brahma," one translation of which is, "The world is sound." And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating. In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating. Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies. So you are, in fact, a chord -- each of you an individual chord. One definition of health may be that that chord is in complete harmony. Your ears can't hear that chord; they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves. Incidentally, we see just one octave. Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids. They work even when you sleep. The smallest sound you can perceive moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters. The loudest sound you can hear is a trillion times more powerful than that.
印度人说:“Nada brahma”, 意为“世界是健康的”(谐音:世界是充满声音的) 这说的没错,因为一切事物都处于振动中。 事实上,你们在座的各位都在振动。 身体中的每一部分都在以不同的频率振动。 所以,这些声音构成了一个和弦。 你们每个人都是一个独立的和弦。 健康的一种定义可能是 这种和弦都保持一种和睦的状态。 你的耳朵是听不到这种和弦的。 但它们却能听见10个八度音阶,这很惊人。 然而,我们只能看到一个八度音阶。 你的耳朵随时都是打开的,因为它们没有“盖子”。 即使在睡觉时,它们也在工作。 你能听到的最小的声音 只会让耳膜振动4个原子直径(1个原子直径小于1纳米) 而你能听到的最大声音 却是那个的一万亿倍。
Ears are made not for hearing, but for listening. Listening is an active skill, whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at -- it's a relationship with sound. And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught. For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? Here are two of them. Reductive listening is listening "for." It reduces everything down to what's relevant and it discards everything that's not relevant. Men typically listen reductively. So he's saying, "I've got this problem." He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next." That's the way we talk, right guys?
耳朵不仅是为了听本身 而是为了专注、认真的倾听 认真倾听是一种主动技能 普通地听是被动的 而倾听却是要花功夫的 倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系 也是一种与生俱来的能力 比如 你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势 以便你接收声音吗 看以下两个例子 删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听 它会只关注你想要知道的东西 而忽略无关紧要的内容 男人通常会删减性的倾听 比如一个人说:“我有个问题。” 另一个人说:“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。” 这就是我们谈话的方式,对吧,男士们?
Expansive listening, on the other hand, is listening "with," not listening "for." It's got no destination in mind -- it's just enjoying the journey. Women typically listen expansively. If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other, possibly both talking at the same time. (Laughter) Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships.
而另外一种,扩展性的倾听 是“无目的”,“无选择”的听 你脑海里并没有明确的目标 而只是享受听的过程 女人通常会扩展性的倾听 看看这两位,面对面,保持眼神交流 可能两人同时都在说话 (笑声) 男士们,如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味, 试试扩展性的倾听, 或许可以改善你们的关系。
The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear is noise, surrounding us all the time. Noise like this, according to the European Union, is reducing the health and the quality of life of 25 percent of the population of Europe. Two percent of the population of Europe -- that's 16 million people -- are having their sleep devastated by noise like that. Noise kills 200,000 people a year in Europe. It's a really big problem.
倾听的问题就是我们听到的许多声音 都是噪音,并且时刻侵扰着我们。 根据欧盟的统计,这种程度的噪音 正在降低欧洲总人数的 25%的人口的 健康和生活质量。 欧洲总人数的百分之二—— 就是1600万人 都被这样的噪音 干扰睡眠。 每年,噪音 都会夺去欧洲20万人的生命。 这的确是个严重的问题。
Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it, you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum. These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler. It looks a bit like this. The trouble with widespread headphone use is it brings three really big health issues. The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: "schizophonia." It's a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. So, we're inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. I think there's something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia.
当你小时候听到噪音,并想摆脱它时, 你会捂住耳朵小声哼哼。 现在,你可以做类似的事情,看起来还更酷。 就是用这个。 耳机的广泛使用带来的后果是 三大严重的健康问题。 第一大严重的健康问题,根据Murray Schafer的话说,就是 “幻听” 这是一种错乱, 使你看到的和听到的并不一致。 所以,我们的生活中, 就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。 我认为时时处于“幻听”中 对健康十分不利。
The second problem that comes with headphone abuse is compression. We squash music to fit it into our pocket and there is a cost attached to this. Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music. (Music) And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed. (Music) I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. There is a cost of compression. It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. You're having to imagine it. It's not good for you in the long run.
与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题 是压缩音乐。 我们压缩音乐,以便能装进口袋, 然而也付出了代价。 听听这个,是一段没有压缩的音乐。 (音乐) 同样的一段音乐,但却少了98%的信息。 (音乐) 我希望至少有一部分人 能听出其中的差别。 这就是压缩音乐的代价。 为了补上丢失的信息,你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。 你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。 长期下去,会对健康不利。
The third problem with headphones is this: deafness -- noise-induced hearing disorder. Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another, but really worryingly, 16 percent -- roughly one in six -- of American teenagers suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder as a result of headphone abuse. One study at an American university found that 61 percent of college freshmen had damaged hearing as a result of headphone abuse. We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people. Now that's a really serious problem.
滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是——耳聋 即噪音导致的听觉紊乱。 1000万美国人已经因为各种原因换上了此症, 但最让人担心的是, 其中16% 就是约每六个青少年中就有一个 因为滥用耳机 患上了噪音导致的听觉紊乱。 美国一所大学的调查显示 61%大一新生 由于滥用耳机 听力有损伤 我们正在培养的这一代人可能听力都有障碍。 这个问题的确很严峻。
I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears and pass these on to your children, please. Professional hearing protectors are great; I use some all the time. If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford because quality means you don't have to have it so loud. If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice, it's too loud. And thirdly, if you're in bad sound, it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it. Protect your ears in that way.
我来告诉你们三种简单的方法保护听力, 也请你们转告你们的孩子。 专业的听力保护器是个不错的选择 我就经常使用 如果你们要使用耳机 也请买你能付得起的最好的一种 因为质量好意味着音量不用太大 如果别人大声跟你讲话 你都听不到的话 你的音量就太大了 第三 当你听到噪音时 最好用手指护住耳朵 或者远离噪音 请使用这些护耳的方法
Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. WWB: Wind, water, birds -- stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this. Silence is beautiful. The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art. Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion. It's fun to get into designing with sound. If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. Sound design is the future, and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.
不谈噪音了 我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友 风水鸟 风声 水声 鸟声 大自然的声音 它们都由各种不同的细节组成 对健康十分有好处 因为都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音 寻求这些声音吧 对你们有好处 还有这个 安静是美好的。 古人曾把语言比作 修饰过的安静 我建议你们刻意地远离安静 去设计像艺术品一样的声音的图画 有前景 有背景 并且比例协调 设计声音是很有趣的 如果自己不会做的话 可以找专业人士帮忙 声音设计就是未来 也是一种方法让世界变得好听
I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities, eight ways sound can improve health. First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy; it's also now being used to treat cancer. Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound. Sound healing is a wonderful modality. It's been around for thousands of years. I do urge you to explore this. There are great things being done there, treating now autism, dementia and other conditions. And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you, if it's music that's made with good intention, made with love, generally. Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good. There are all sorts of types of music that are very healthy.
我现在快速地向你们介绍八种方法 八种声音可以改善健康的方法 首先 超声波 我们都熟知它在物理疗法中的作用 它现在也被用于治疗癌症 碎石术 每年可以拯救上千条生命 它利用高强度的声音粉碎结石 声音治疗法也是不错的方法 它已经有上千年的历史 我希望你们能关注它 因为它做出了许多贡献 包括治疗孤独症 痴呆和其他病症 当然还有音乐 听音乐对你有好处 如果它的创作动机是好的 是有爱的 虔诚的音乐 不错 莫扎特 也不错 有各种各样的音乐 十分利于健康
And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved. First of all, listen consciously. I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that. It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension. Secondly, get in touch with making some sound -- create sound. The voice is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained; learn to sing, learn to play an instrument. Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true. You can do this in groups as well. It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia; to make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly. And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us. Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely. Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. And let's start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on.
还有四种方法需要你采取行动 参与其中 首先 专心地听 我希望在我的讲话过后 你们就能去这样做 这会是你们人生全新的、美好的一面 第二 试着自己弄出点声响 创造声音 声音是我们都会使用的乐器 但多少人接受训练 学会利用我们自己的声音? 尝试训练一下吧。 学着歌唱 学习演奏一种乐器 音乐家都有更发达的大脑 这话不假 也可以尝试和大家一起这样做 和一大群人创造音乐 是缓解幻听的非常好的办法 任何你喜欢的方式都是不错的 让我们主宰周围的声音 保护听力 这是当然 不管在家里还是工作中 设计并创作出 好听的声音 当有人用我之前播过的噪音 来攻击我们的时候 让我们大声地给与它们还击
So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now to improve your health with sound. My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful and if we all start doing these things, we will take a very big step in that direction. So I urge you to take that path.
因此 我告诉你们7件现在就可以做的事情 帮助改善你们的听觉健康 我的目标是使这个世界变得更加好听 如果我们现在就开始做这些事的话 我们就会迈出重要的一步 所以我呼吁大家一同迈出这一步
I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you. I wish you sound health.
我以一小段鸟的歌声来结束我的讲话 它对你们有好处 祝大家听力健康
(Applause)
(掌声)