The Hindus say, "Nada brahma," one translation of which is, "The world is sound." And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating. In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating. Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies. So you are, in fact, a chord -- each of you an individual chord. One definition of health may be that that chord is in complete harmony. Your ears can't hear that chord; they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves. Incidentally, we see just one octave. Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids. They work even when you sleep. The smallest sound you can perceive moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters. The loudest sound you can hear is a trillion times more powerful than that.
Hindusi kažu, "Nada brahma," jedan od prevoda ovoga bi bio, "Svet je zvuk." I, u neku ruku, to je tačno, jer sve vibrira. U suštini, svi vi koji sedite sada ovde vibrirate. Svaki deo vašeg tela vibrira na različitim frekvencijama. Tako ste vi zapravo akord, svako od vas je zaseban akord. Jedna definicija zdravlja bi mogla biti da je taj akord u potpunoj harmoniji. Vaše uši ne čuju taj akord. One mogu čuti neverovatne stvari. Vaše uši mogu čuti deset oktava. Bez namere, mi opažamo samo jednu oktavu. Vaše uši su stalno uključene. Nemate kapke za uši. One rade čak i kada spavate. Najmanji zvuk koji možete registrovati pomera vašu bubnu opnu samo četri atomska dijametra. Najjači zvuk koji možete čuti je trilion puta jači od toga.
Ears are made not for hearing, but for listening. Listening is an active skill, whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at -- it's a relationship with sound. And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught. For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? Here are two of them. Reductive listening is listening "for." It reduces everything down to what's relevant and it discards everything that's not relevant. Men typically listen reductively. So he's saying, "I've got this problem." He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next." That's the way we talk, right guys?
Uši nisu stvorene za čujenje, već za slušanje. Slušanje je aktivna veština. Dok je čujenje pasivno, slušanje je nešto na čemu se mora raditi. To je veza sa zvukom. Pa ipak, to je veština koju nas niko nije učio. Na primer, da li ste ikada razmotrili to da postoje pozicije za slušanje, mesta sa kojih se može slušati? Evo ih dva. Reduktivno slušanje je slušanje "za". To slušanje uprošćava sve samo na ono što je relevantno, i odbacuje sve što je irelevantno. Muškarci tipično slušaju reduktivno. Tako, on kaže, "Imam jedan problem." On kaže, "Evo tvog rešenja. Puno hvala. Sledeće." To je način na koji mi pričamo, je l' tako momci?
Expansive listening, on the other hand, is listening "with," not listening "for." It's got no destination in mind -- it's just enjoying the journey. Women typically listen expansively. If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other, possibly both talking at the same time. (Laughter) Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships.
Ekspanzivno slušanje, sa druge strane, je slušanje "sa," ne slušanje "za." Ono nema uporište u mislima. To je samo uživanje u putu. Žene tipično slušaju ekspanzivno. Ako pogledate ove dve žene, kontakt očima, licima okrenute jedna ka drugoj, verovatno obe pričaju u isto vreme. (Smeh) Muškarci, ako ništa drugo ne izvučete iz ovog predavanja, vežbajte ekspanzivno slušanje, i možete promeniti vaše odnose.
The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear is noise, surrounding us all the time. Noise like this, according to the European Union, is reducing the health and the quality of life of 25 percent of the population of Europe. Two percent of the population of Europe -- that's 16 million people -- are having their sleep devastated by noise like that. Noise kills 200,000 people a year in Europe. It's a really big problem.
Problem sa slušanjem je taj što mnogo od onoga što čujemo je buka koja nas okružuje sve vreme. Buka kao ova, prema nalazima Evropske Unije, ugrožava zdravlje i kvalitet života oko 25 procenata evropske populacije. Dva procenta populacije Evrope -- a to je 16 miliona ljudi -- imaju ugrožen san zbog buke kao što je ta. Buka ubija 200 000 ljudi godišnje u Evropi. To je zaista veliki problem.
Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it, you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum. These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler. It looks a bit like this. The trouble with widespread headphone use is it brings three really big health issues. The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: "schizophonia." It's a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. So, we're inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. I think there's something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia.
Kada ste bili mali, ukoliko biste čuli buku, a niste želeli da je slušate, začepili biste uši prstima. Danas, možete učiniti sličnu stvar, samo to deluje malo suptilnije. Izgleda otprilike ovako. Problem sa širokom upotrebom slušalica je to što donosi tri izuzetno velika zdravstvena pitanja. Prva bitna stvar je kovanica Mareja Šefera: "šizofonija." To je neusklađenost između onoga što se vidi i onoga što se čuje. Znači, mi pozivamo u naše živote glasove ljudi koji nisu prisutni. Mislim da postoji nešto jako nezdravo u tome da se sve vreme živi u šizofoniji.
The second problem that comes with headphone abuse is compression. We squash music to fit it into our pocket and there is a cost attached to this. Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music. (Music) And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed. (Music) I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. There is a cost of compression. It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. You're having to imagine it. It's not good for you in the long run.
Drugi problem koji dolazi upotrebom slušalica je kompresija. Mi zguramo muziku da stane u naše džepove. I postoji cena za to. Saslušajte ovo. Ovo je nekompresovana muzika. (muzika) A sada ista muzika sa 98 procenata uklonjenih podataka. (muzika) Nadam se da neki od vas mogu čuti razliku između ova dva. Tu je cena kompresije. Čini vas umornim i iziritiranim što morate da nadoknađujete sve te podatke. Morate to da zamislite. To nije dobro za vas na duže staze.
The third problem with headphones is this: deafness -- noise-induced hearing disorder. Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another, but really worryingly, 16 percent -- roughly one in six -- of American teenagers suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder as a result of headphone abuse. One study at an American university found that 61 percent of college freshmen had damaged hearing as a result of headphone abuse. We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people. Now that's a really serious problem.
Treći problem sa slušalicama je ovaj: gluvoća -- zvukom uzrokovan poremećaj sluha. 10 miliona Amerikanaca već ima ovo, iz ovog ili onog razloga, ali zbilja zabrinjavajuće, 16 procenata, grubo rečeno, jedan od šest Američkih tinejdžera pati od zvukom uzrokovanog poremećaja sluha kao posledice prekomerne upotrebe slušalica. Jedna studija rađena na Američkom univerzitetu nalazi da 61 procenat brucoša ima poremećaj sluha kao rezultat prekomerne upotrebe slušalica. Moguće je da podižemo čitavu generaciju gluvih ljudi. To je izuzetno ozbiljan problem.
I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears and pass these on to your children, please. Professional hearing protectors are great; I use some all the time. If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford because quality means you don't have to have it so loud. If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice, it's too loud. And thirdly, if you're in bad sound, it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it. Protect your ears in that way.
Daću vam tri brza saveta kako da zaštitite svoje uši, i molim vas da ih prenesete i svojoj deci. Profesionalni zaštitnici za uši su odlični; koristim ih stalno. Ako želite da koristite slušalice, kupite najbolje koje možete da priuštite, jer kvalitet znači da ne mora da bude toliko glasno. Ako ne možete da čujete nekoga ko vam se obraća jakim glasom, onda je preglasno. I treće, ako ste izloženi lošem zvuku, dovoljno je da začepite uši prstima ili da jednostavno odete odatle. Zaštitite svoje uši na taj način.
Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. WWB: Wind, water, birds -- stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this. Silence is beautiful. The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art. Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion. It's fun to get into designing with sound. If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. Sound design is the future, and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.
Hajde da pređemo sa loših zvukova na neke prijatelje za koje vas molim da ih potražite. V V P: Vetar, voda, ptice -- stohastički zvuci prirode komponovani od strane mnogih slučajnih događaja, svaki od njih veoma zdrav, a uz koje smo evoluirali tokom godina. Potražite ove zvukove tamo napolju; dobri su za vas. Tišina je prelepa. Jezik je čak bio nekad opisivan kao dekorativna tišina. Molim vas da se odmičete od tišine sa namerom i da kreirate zvučna pribežišta kao umetnička dela. Imajte i u prvom planu i u pozadini predivne proporcije. Zabavno je ući u dizajniranje zvukom. Ako ne možete sami, nađite profesionalca da to obavi za vas. Zvučni dizajn je budućnost, i mislim da je to način na koji ćemo promeniti način na koji naš svet zvuči.
I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities, eight ways sound can improve health. First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy; it's also now being used to treat cancer. Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound. Sound healing is a wonderful modality. It's been around for thousands of years. I do urge you to explore this. There are great things being done there, treating now autism, dementia and other conditions. And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you, if it's music that's made with good intention, made with love, generally. Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good. There are all sorts of types of music that are very healthy.
Protrčaću samo kratko kroz osam modaliteta, osam načina na koje zvuk može poboljšati zdravlje. Prvo, ultrazvuk: to nam je jako poznato kroz fizikalnu terapiju. Takođe se sada koristi i za lečenje raka. Litotripsija -- spašava hiljade ljudi godišnje od skalpela razbijajući kamenje u bubrezima pomoću zvuka visokog inenziteta. Lečenje zvukom je predivan modalitet. On je tu oko nas hiljadama godina. Tražim od vas da istražujete to. Sjajne se stvari rade tu, tretira se autizam, demencija i druga stanja. I muzika, naravno. Samo slušanje muzike je dobro za vas, ukoliko je to muzika stvorena sa dobrom namerom, i naravno sa ljubavlju. Molitvena muzika je dobra. Mocart takođe. Postoje mnoge različite vrste muzike koje su veoma zdrave.
And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved. First of all, listen consciously. I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that. It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension. Secondly, get in touch with making some sound -- create sound. The voice is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained; learn to sing, learn to play an instrument. Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true. You can do this in groups as well. It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia; to make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly. And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us. Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely. Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. And let's start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on.
I četiri modalieta gde treba da preduzmete neku akciju i da se uključite. Pre svega, slušajte pažljivo. Nadam se da će biti upravo tako nakon ovog predavanja. To je potpuno nova dimenzija u vašem životu, i predivno je imati tu dimenziju. Drugo, počnite da stvarate neki zvuk. Kreirajte zvuk. Glas je instrument koji svi sviramo, a opet koliko nas je trenirano da koristimo taj glas? Trenirajte. Učite da pevate. Ušite da svirate instrument. Muzičari imaju veće mozgove -- to je istina. Možete to raditi i u grupi takođe. To je sjajna preventiva od šizofonije, stvarati muziku i zvuke u grupi ljudi, koji god stil da preferirate. I hajde da preuzmemo ulogu čuvara zvukova oko nas. Zaštititi uši? Da, svakako. Stvoriti zvučna pribežišta kako bi ulepšali prostor kod kuće i na poslu. I hajde da počnemo da pričamo kada nas ljudi počnu zasipati svom tom bukom koju sam vam puštao ranije.
So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now to improve your health with sound. My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful and if we all start doing these things, we will take a very big step in that direction. So I urge you to take that path.
Ostaviću vas sa sedam stvari koje možete uraditi upravo sada kako biste poboljšali svoje zdravlje zvukom. Moja vizija je svet koju zvuči lepo, i ako svi počnemo da radimo ove stvari, napravićemo veliki korak u tom pravcu. Pozivam vas da krenete tim putem.
I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you. I wish you sound health.
Ostavljam vas sa pesmom ptica, koja je veoma dobra za vas. Želim vam da zvučite zdravo.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)