We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, but we're not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. Now -- not you, not this talk, but that is generally true.
Nawawala ang ating pakikinig. Higit kumulang 60 porsyento ng ating oras sa pakikipag-usap ay nagagamit sa pakikinig, ngunit hindi natin ito pinagbubutihan. 25 porsyento lang ng ating naririnig ang ating natatandaan. Hindi naman ikaw, hindi dito, pero madalas ay totoo ito.
(Laughter)
Isalarawan natin ang pakikinig
Let's define listening as making meaning from sound. It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction.
bilang pagbibigay kahulugan sa tunog. Ito'y proseso sa utak, at proseso ng paghugot ng kahulugan.
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is pattern recognition. (Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention" -- some of you just sat up. We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. Differencing is another technique we use. If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, (Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it. We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same.
May mga astig na paraan tayo upang gawin ito. Isa sa kanila ang pagkilala ng mga pattern. (Ingay ng mga tao) Kaya, sa isang cocktail party gaya nito, kung sabihin ko, "David, Sara, makinig kayo,"' ilan sa inyo ang walang kibo. Nakakapansin tayo ng patterns para mahiwalay ang ingay sa signal, at lalong lalo na ang ating pangalan. Differencing ay isa pang paraan na ginagamit natin. Kung sakaling iiwan ko ang pink noise na ito ng ilang minuto, titigil nalang bigla ang pandinig mo. Pinakikinggan natin ang naiiba, binabawas natin ang mga tunog na hindi nagbabago.
And then there is a whole range of filters. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now. I'll give you one example of that. Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
Mayroon iba't ibang klaseng filter. Nilalakbay tayo ng mga filter na ito mula sa kabuuang ingay tungo sa kung anong pinakikinggan natin. Hindi namamalayan ng karamihan ang mga filter na ito. Pero, hinuhubog nila ang ating realidad, dahil sinasabi nila sa ating kung ano ang pinapansin natin ngayon. Bibigyan kita ng isang halimbawa: Ang intensyon ay napakahalaga sa tunog, sa pakikinig. Nung pinakasalan ko ang aking asawa, pinangako kong pakikinggan ko siya araw-araw na para bang unang beses kaming nagkita. Hindi ko naman laging nagagawa iyon.
(Laughter)
(Tawanan)
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
Ngunit napakagandang hangarin iyon sa isang pakikipagrelasyon.
(Laughter)
Hindi lang iyon.
But that's not all. Sound places us in space and in time. If you close your eyes right now in this room, you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces; you're aware of how many people are around you, because of the micro-noises you're receiving. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
Sinasabi din ng tunog ang ating kinalalagyan sa kalawakan at panahon. Kung ipipikit mo ang iyong mga mata sa kuwartong ito, masasabi mo pa ring malaki ang bulwagang ito dahil sa alingawngaw at sa pagbalik ng tunog mula sa mga pader. At alam mo kung gaano karami ang taong nakapaligid sa iyo dahil sa micro-noises na natatanggap mo. At linulugar din tayo ng tunog sa oras, dahil ang tunog ay laging may oras na nakatatak. Sa katunayan, tingin ko, ang pakikinig ang pangunahing paraan na nararanasan natin ang paglipas ng panahon mula sa nakaraan hanggang hinaharap. Kaya, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- napakagandang quote.
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well, there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen. Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
Sinabi ko kanina, nawawala na ang ating pakikinig. Paano ko nasabi yun? May maraming dahilan. Una, naka-imbento tayo ng paraan ng pagrerecord -- una pagsusulat, sumunod audio recording at ngayon video recording. Ang pagpapahalaga sa eksakto at maingat na pakikinig ay nawala na lang bigla. Pangalawa, napaka-ingay na ng mundo, (Ingay) sa ingay nito sa mata at sa tenga, mahirap talagang makinig; nakakapagod makinig. Karamihan sa atin ay nagtatago sa headphones, kaya't ang mga malalaki at pampublikong lugar gaya nito, isang buong soundscape, ay nahahati sa milyun-milyong maliliit na bula. Sa ganitong tagpo, walang nakikinig sa kahit kanino.
We're becoming impatient. We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites. And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting. I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the UK. We're becoming desensitized. Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.
Madali tayong mainip. Ayaw na nating makinig ng mahahabang talumpati, mas gusto natin sound bites. At ang sining ng pakikipag-usap ay napapalitan -- mapanganib, sa tingin ko -- ng personal broadcasting. HIndi ko alam kung gaano karami ang nakikinig sa usapang ito, na karaniwang nangyayari, lalo na sa U.K. Nagiging manhid na tayo. Kailangan tayong sigawan ng ating media gamit ang mga headline na ito upang sila'y pansinin natin. Mas mahirap para sa atin ang makinig sa tahimik, sa pino, sa hindi nababanggit.
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening. This is not trivial, because listening is our access to understanding. Conscious listening always creates understanding, and only without conscious listening can these things happen. A world where we don't listen to each other at all is a very scary place indeed. So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that?
Malala ang problema ng pagkawala ng ating pakikinig. Hindi ito dapat balewalain. Dahil ang pakikinig ang daan sa pag-unawa. Ang kusang pakikinig ay lumilikha ng pag-unawa. At kung hindi tayo nakikinig ng kusa ito ang nangyayari -- isang mundo na walang nagkakarinigan, talagang nakakatakot. Kaya gusto kong ibahagi sa inyo ang 5 simpleng ensayo, na maari mong gamitin upang mahasa ang ating pakikinig ng kusa. Gusto mo ba yun?
Audience: Yes!
(Audience: Oo) Mabuti.
Good. The first one is silence. Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate, so that you can hear the quiet again. If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
Ang una ay katahimikan. Tatlong minuto lang bawat araw ng katahimikan ay napakagandang ensayo para iakma at timplahin ang iyong tenga upang marinig mo muli ang katahimikan. Kung hindi pwede ang ganap na katahimikan, kahit kaunting katahimikan lang, sapat na.
Second, I call this "the mixer." (Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. How many birds am I hearing? Where are they? Where are those ripples? It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.
Pangalawa, ang tawag ko dito ay mixer. (Ingay) Kahit nasa isang maingay kang lugar gaya nito -- at maraming oras tayong nasa maiingay na lugar gaya nito -- halimbawa sa isang kapihan, ilang uri ng tunog ang naririnig mo? Ilang uri ng tunog ang kusang pinakikinggan mo? Maari din itong gawin sa isang magandang lugar, gaya ng sa lawa. Ilang ibon ang naririnig ko? Nasaan sila? Nasaan ang maliliit na alon ng tubig? Ito'y mainam upang umangat ang kalidad ng ating pakikinig.
Third, this exercise I call "savoring," and this is a beautiful exercise. It's about enjoying mundane sounds. This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
Pangatlo, tinatawag ko itong savoring, at napakagandang ensayo nito. Tungkol ito sa paglasap sa pangkaraniwan. Ito, halimbawa, ang aking tumble dryer.
(Dryer)
(Dryer) Ito ay waltz.
It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three. I love it! Or just try this one on for size.
Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Ang sarap pakinggan. O subukan niyo naman ito.
(Coffee grinder)
(Coffee grinder)
Wow! So, mundane sounds can be really interesting -- if you pay attention. I call that the "hidden choir" -- it's around us all the time.
Wow! Nakakaaliw ang mga pangkaraniwan, kung papansinin niyo lang. Tinatatawag ko itong nakatagong koro. Napapaligiran tayo nito sa lahat ng oras.
The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to. This is playing with those filters. Remember I gave you those filters? It's starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. There are many. Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
Ang susunod na ensayo ang pinakamahalaga sa lahat ng mga ito, kung pipili ka lang ng isa. Ito ang mga uri ng pakikinig -- ang ideya na kaya mong baguhin ang uri ng pakikinig ayon sa nababagay. Ito ang paglalaro ng mga filter mo. Naaalala niyo ang binanggit kong mga filter kanina. Ito ang paggamit sa kanila bilang lever, at meron tayo nito lagi kahit saan tayo magpunta. Iilan lang ito sa iba't ibang uri ng pakikinig, o mga antas ng pakikinig, na maari mong gamitin. Marami yan. Sana masiyahan ka. Nakasisigla.
And finally, an acronym. You can use this in listening, in communication. If you're in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for "juice" or "essence." And RASA stands for "Receive," which means pay attention to the person; "Appreciate," making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "OK"; "Summarize" -- the word "so" is very important in communication; and "Ask," ask questions afterwards.
At panghuli, isang acronym. Magagamit mo ito sa pakikinig, sa pakikipag-usap. Kung isa ka sa mga ito -- at sa tingin ko, kabilang kayong lahat dito -- ang acronym ay RASA, na salitang Sanskrit para sa katas o katangian. ang kahulugan ng RASA ay R for Receive (Tumanggap), ibig sabihin ay bigyang pansin ang tao; Appreciate (Pahalagahan), gumawa ng tunog gaya ng "hmm", "oh", "okay"; Summarize (Sumahin), napakahalaga ng salitang "so" sa pakikipag-usap; at Ask (Magtanong), magtanong pagkatapos.
Now sound is my passion, it's my life. I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen. That's too much to ask for most people. But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart.
Hilig ko ang mga tunog, ito ang buhay ko. Nakapagsulat ako ng isang libro tungkol dito. Nabubuhay ako upang makinig. Mahirap itong hilingin mula sa karamihan. Pero naniniwala ako na ang bawat tao ay kailangang makinig ng kusa upang lubusang mabuhay -- nakaugnay sa kalawakan at oras sa pisikal na mundong ginagalawan, nakaugnay sa pag-unawa sa isa't isa, nakaugnay sa ispiritwal na aspeto, dahil ang alam ko, lahat ng ispiritwal na landas ay binubuo ng pakikinig at pagninilay sa puso nito.
That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill. Why is it not taught? It's crazy. And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about, and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time, or at least capable of doing it.
Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit kailangan nating ituro ang pakikinig sa ating mga paaralan bilang isang kasanayan. Bakit hindi ito tinuturo? Nakakabaliw. Kung maituturo natin ang pakikinig sa paaralan, maiiwasan natin ang landas tungo sa masalimuot at nakakatakot na mundong naikuwento ko at papunta sa isang mundo kung saan lahat ay kusang nakikinig sa lahat ng oras -- o kahit marunong man lang makinig.
Now, I don't know how to do that, but this is TED, and I think the TED community is capable of anything. So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out. And let's get listening taught in schools, and transform the world in one generation to a conscious, listening world -- a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace.
Ngayon, hindi ko alam kung papano gawin iyon, pero, ito ang TED, at sa tingin ko kaya ng mga taga-TED ang kahit ano. Kaya inaanyayahan ko kayong makipag-ugnay sa akin, sa isa't isa, gawing layunin ito at magawang ituro ang pakikinig sa paaralan, at mabago ang mundo sa henerasyong ito, tungo sa isang mundong nakikinig ng kusa -- isang mundo naka-ugnay, isang mundo nakakaunawa at payapa. Maraming salamat sa inyong pakikinig ngayon.
Thank you for listening to me today.
(Palakpakan)
(Applause)