We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, but we're not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. Now -- not you, not this talk, but that is generally true.
Gubimo sposobnost slušanja. Približno 60 posto vremena u komunikaciji provodimo slušajući. Ali to nam ne ide baš dobro. Pamtimo samo 25 posto onoga što čujemo. Ne vi, ne ovaj govor, ali to je uglavnom tačno.
(Laughter)
Hajde da definišemo slušanje
Let's define listening as making meaning from sound. It's a mental process, and it's a process of extraction.
kao davanje smisla zvuku. To je mentalni proses, i to proces izvlačenja.
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is pattern recognition. (Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention" -- some of you just sat up. We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. Differencing is another technique we use. If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, (Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it. We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same.
Da bismo to uradili, koristimo neke prilično zanimljive metode. Jedna od njih je prepoznavanje šablona. (Bučna masa ljudi) Recimo, ako na zabavi poput ove ja kažem: „Dejvide, Saro, obratite pažnju“, neki od vas će jednostavno ustati. Šablone prepoznajemo da bismo razlikovali zvuk od signala, naročito naša imena. Drugi metod je razlikovanje. Ako bi se ovaj šum čuo duže od nekoliko minuta, bukvalno ga više ne biste čuli. Mi slušamo razlike, a odbacujemo zvuke koji se ne menjaju.
And then there is a whole range of filters. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now. I'll give you one example of that. Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
A postoji i mnogo različitih filtera. Ovi filteri nam pomažu da od svega što čujemo obratimo pažnju na samo nešto. Većina ljudi je potpuno nesvesna postojanja ovih filtera. Ali oni, na neki način, oblikuju našu stvarnost jer nas upućuju na ono na šta trenutno obraćamo pažnju. Daću vam jedan primer: u zvuku, u slušanju, namera je jako bitna. Kada sam se oženio, obećao sam svojoj ženi da ću je slušati svakog dana kao da je prvi put. E, sad, to ne ispunjavam baš svaki dan.
(Laughter)
(Smeh)
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
Ali bi bilo super imati takav odnos u vezi.
(Laughter)
Ali, to nije sve.
But that's not all. Sound places us in space and in time. If you close your eyes right now in this room, you're aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces; you're aware of how many people are around you, because of the micro-noises you're receiving. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
Zvuk nas smešta u prostor i vreme. Ako biste sada zatvorili oči, dok ste u ovoj prostoriji, bili biste svesni njene veličine zahvaljujući odjeku i odbijanju zvuka o površine. I bili biste svesni koliko vas ljudi okružuje zahvaljujući mikro zvuku koji postoji. Zvuk nas smešta i u vreme, jer zvuk uvek uključuje i vreme. U stvari, ja smatram da je slušanje glavni način na koji stičemo svest o protoku vremena od prošlosti ka budućnosti. Zato je, „Zvučnost je vreme i značenje“ sjajna izreka.
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well, there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it's just hard to listen; it's tiring to listen. Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
Na početku sam rekao da gubimo sposobnost slušanja. Zašto sam to rekao? Pa, postoji mnogo razloga. Prvo, izumeli smo načine snimanja: prvo pisanje, zatim zvučno snimanje, a sad postoji i video snimanje. Nagrada za precizno i pažljivo slušanje jednostavno je nestala. Drugo, svet je sada toliko bučan, (buka) kakofonija ne prestaje, vizuelna i zvučna, pa je slušanje jako teško i zamorno. Mnogi utočište pronalaze u slušalicama, ali oni javna mesta poput ovog pretvaraju u podeljena zvučna utočišta, u bezbroj majušnih, ličnih zvučnih mehura. Tu niko nikog ne sluša.
We're becoming impatient. We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites. And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting. I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the UK. We're becoming desensitized. Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.
Postajemo nestrpljivi. Više ne želimo retorike, nego zvučne porcije. A umetnost razgovaranja, bojim se, biva zamenjena ličnim emitovanjem. Ne znam koliko slušanja postoji u ovom razgovoru, što je, nažalost, veoma česta pojava, naročito u U.K. Postajemo neosetljivi. Mediji naslovima moraju da vrište na nas da bi nam privukli pažnju. A to znači da je nama teže da obratimo pažnju na tiho, suptilno, neizrečeno.
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening. This is not trivial, because listening is our access to understanding. Conscious listening always creates understanding, and only without conscious listening can these things happen. A world where we don't listen to each other at all is a very scary place indeed. So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that?
Gubljenje sposobnosti slušanja ozbiljan je problem. I nije nebitno. Jer je slušanje naš pristup razumevanju. Svesno slušanje uvek dovodi do razumevanja. A bez svesnog slušanja može da se desi da svet u kome ljudi ne slušaju jedni druge postane zaista zastrašujuće mesto. Zato bih voleo da sa vama podelim pet jednostavnih vežbi koje treba zapamtiti kako biste poboljšali sposobnost svesnog slušanja. Da li biste to želeli?
Audience: Yes!
(Publika: Da.) Dobro.
Good. The first one is silence. Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate, so that you can hear the quiet again. If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
Prva je tišina. Samo tri minuta tišine dnevno divna je vežba da ponovo podesite svoje uši tako da možete ponovo da čujete tišinu. Ako nemate apsolutnu tišinu, potražite tiho mesto, i to je u redu.
Second, I call this "the mixer." (Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. How many birds am I hearing? Where are they? Where are those ripples? It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.
Drugu vežbu zovem mikser. (Buka) Jer čak i ako ste u bučnom okruženju poput ovog - a svi provodimo dosta vremena na ovakvim mestima - u kafiću slušajte koliko zvučnih kanala možete čuti. Koliko pojedinačnih kanala u toj mešavini slušam? Pokušajte i na lepšim mestima, poput jezera. Koliko ptica čujem? Gde su? Odakle se čuje žuborenje? Ova vežba je sjajna za poboljšavanje kvaliteta svoje sposobnosti slušanja.
Third, this exercise I call "savoring," and this is a beautiful exercise. It's about enjoying mundane sounds. This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
Treću vežbu zovem naslađivanjem, i divna je vežba. Radi se o uživanju u svakodnevnim zvucima. Recimo, ovo je zvuk moje mašine za sušenje veša.
(Dryer)
(sušenje) Ovo je valcer.
It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three. I love it! Or just try this one on for size.
Je'n, dva, tri. Je'n, dva, tri. Je'n, dva, tri. Obožavam je. Ili, zbog veličine, poslušajte ovo.
(Coffee grinder)
(Mlin za kafu)
Wow! So, mundane sounds can be really interesting -- if you pay attention. I call that the "hidden choir" -- it's around us all the time.
Opa! Tako da i svakodnevni zvuci mogu biti jako zanimljivi ako obratite pažnju. To zovem skrivenim horom. Sve vreme je oko nas.
The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what's appropriate to what you're listening to. This is playing with those filters. Remember I gave you those filters? It's starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. There are many. Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
Sledeća vežba je verovatno najvažnija od ovih pet, ako uklonite samo jedno. To su položaji za slušanje: možete da promenite položaj za slušanje u položaj koji više odgovara onome što slušate. To predstavlja igranje sa onim filterima. Setite se, pomenuo sam te filtere na početku. Ovo je igranje sa njima kao sa polugama da bismo ih postali svesni i da bismo otišli na drugo mesto. Ovo su samo neki od položaja, ili skale položaja za slušanje, koje možete koristiti. Ima ih mnogo. Zabavljajte se sa njima. Jako je zanimljivo.
And finally, an acronym. You can use this in listening, in communication. If you're in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for "juice" or "essence." And RASA stands for "Receive," which means pay attention to the person; "Appreciate," making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "OK"; "Summarize" -- the word "so" is very important in communication; and "Ask," ask questions afterwards.
I konačno, akronim. Ovo možete koristiti prilikom slušanja i komunikacije. Ako ste u bilo kojoj od ovih uloga - a mislim da svi koji slušaju ovaj govor jesu - akronim je RASA, a to je reč iz sanskrita koja označava sok ili suštinu. RASA predstavlja Recepciju, što znači da obraćamo pažnju na osobu; Cenjenje, slanje malih signala, poput aha, oh, dobro; Sumiranje, jer je reč „dakle“ jako važna u komunikaciji; i Zapitkivanje, postavljanje pitanja kasnije.
Now sound is my passion, it's my life. I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen. That's too much to ask for most people. But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart.
E, sad, zvuk je moja strast, moj život. Napisao sam i knjigu o zvuku. Dakle, živim da bih slušao. Bilo bi previše tražiti to od većine ljudi. Ali verujem da je svim ljudima potrebno da svesno slušaju da bi živeli u potpunosti - povezani u vremenu i prostoru sa fizičkim svetom koji nas okružuje, povezani međusobnim razumevanjem, a da ne pominjem i duhovnu povezanost, jer svaki duhovni put za koji znam ima slušanje i kontemplaciju u svojoj suštini.
That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill. Why is it not taught? It's crazy. And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about, and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time, or at least capable of doing it.
Zato je potrebno u školama učiti slušanje kao veštinu. Zašto se slušanje ne uči? To je ludost. A ako bismo slušanje učili u školi, slušanje bi od nesigurnog prešlo u onaj opasni, strašni svet o kome sam govorio i pretvorilo ga u svet u kome svi svesno slušaju sve vreme - ili su bar sposobni za to.
Now, I don't know how to do that, but this is TED, and I think the TED community is capable of anything. So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out. And let's get listening taught in schools, and transform the world in one generation to a conscious, listening world -- a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace.
Ne znam kako to da uradimo, ali ovo je TED, a mislim da je zajednica TED sposobna za sve. Zato vas pozivam da se povežete sa mnom i jedni sa drugima, da se misija raširi i da se slušanje uči u školi, i da se kroz jednu generaciju svet pretvori u svesno slušanje - u svet povezanosti, svet razumevanja i mira. Hvala vam što ste me danas slušali.
Thank you for listening to me today.
(Aplauz)
(Applause)