I'm a filmmaker. For the last 8 years, I have dedicated my life to documenting the work of Israelis and Palestinians who are trying to end the conflict using peaceful means. When I travel with my work across Europe and the United States, one question always comes up: Where is the Palestinian Gandhi? Why aren't Palestinians using nonviolent resistance?
我是一位電影製片人 在過去八年中 我致力 拍攝 以色列與巴勒斯坦 嘗試解決衝突的人們 他們運用的是和平的手段 每當我出差 到歐洲和美國時 總是有人問我 為何巴勒斯坦沒有像甘地一樣的人? 為何巴勒斯坦人 不用非暴力的方式抗爭呢?
The challenge I face when I hear this question is that often I have just returned from the Middle East where I spent my time filming dozens of Palestinians who are using nonviolence to defend their lands and water resources from Israeli soldiers and settlers. These leaders are trying to forge a massive national nonviolent movement to end the occupation and build peace in the region. Yet, most of you have probably never heard about them. This divide between what's happening on the ground and perceptions abroad is one of the key reasons why we don't have yet a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement that has been successful.
當我聽到這樣的問題時﹐ 我感到為難 因為我當時可能才從中東回國 而我是在中東 拍攝數十位巴勒斯坦人 運用非暴力方法 來捍衛他們的土地 和水資源 以免被以色列士兵和居民所剝奪 這些領導人致力促成 一場大規模的全國性非暴力運動 來結束佔領 並建立區域的和平 但是你們多數人 可能從未聽說過他們 有一個隔閡存在於當地所發生的事 與國際的認知之間 這是一個關鍵性的原因 也是為什麼我們還沒有 一場巴勒斯坦和平抗爭運動 成功過
So I'm here today to talk about the power of attention, the power of your attention, and the emergence and development of nonviolent movements in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere -- but today, my case study is going to be Palestine. I believe that what's mostly missing for nonviolence to grow is not for Palestinians to start adopting nonviolence, but for us to start paying attention to those who already are. Allow me to illustrate this point by taking you to this village called Budrus.
所以我今天 要來講關注的力量 你的關注的力量 以及非暴力運動 在约旦河西岸和加薩 及其他地方的萌芽與發展 而今天我要分析的案例是巴勒斯坦 我認為要促進 非暴力運動 並不是要要求巴勒斯坦人 開始採用非暴力手段 而是﹐ 我們要開始注意 那些用非暴力手段的人們 讓我帶你進入這個 名為布德魯斯的村子 來闡明這點
About seven years ago, they faced extinction, because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier, and part of this barrier would be built on top of the village. They would lose 40 percent of their land and be surrounded, so they would lose free access to the rest of the West Bank. Through inspired local leadership, they launched a peaceful resistance campaign to stop that from happening.
約莫七年前 他們面臨存亡的問題 因為以色列宣佈要築起一道圍牆 而部分圍牆 將橫越這個村子 他們會失去40%的土地 並且被包圍住 如此便無法自由往返 约旦河西岸的其他地区 透過當地收到感召的領導人 他們發動了和平抗爭活動 來阻止這道圍牆
Let me show you some brief clips, so you have a sense for what that actually looked like on the ground.
讓我給你們看一些短片 這樣你們才有概念 當地到底是怎麼一回事
(Music)
【音樂】
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall would separate Palestine from Israel. Here in Budrus, we realized the wall would steal our land.
巴勒斯坦女性: 我們聽說圍牆 將分隔巴勒斯坦與以色列 而在布德鲁斯村 我們發現這道牆將竊取我們的土地
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact, created a solution to terror.
以色列男性: 這道牆其實 是解決恐懼的一個方法
Man: Today you're invited to a peaceful march. You are joined by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.
男性: 我們今天邀請你們 來一場和平的遊行 你的身邊是 數十位你的以色列弟兄姐妹
Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army more than nonviolent opposition.
以色列抗議人士: 軍隊害怕的就是 非暴力的抵抗
Woman: We saw the men trying to push the soldiers, but none of them could do that. But I think the girls could do it.
女性: 我們看見男人 想推開那些士兵 但是他們不能那麼做 但我覺得女生們能
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds of traditional thinking.
法塔赫黨員: 我們必須清空腦中 的傳統思想
Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony, and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.
哈馬斯黨員: 我們是完全和平的 而我們希望這能擴散到全巴勒斯坦
Chanting: One united nation. Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front! News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.
口號聲: 全國團結 法塔赫、哈馬斯、人民陣線 主播: 這道牆所帶來的衝突持續著
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd. They were allowed to use any force necessary.
記者: 以色列邊界警察被派來驅散群眾 他們得採取任何必要手段
(Gunshots)
【槍響】
Man: These are live bullets. It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.
男性: 這些是實彈 這裡就像伊拉克的費魯杰市。四處是槍聲
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die. But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.
以色列抗議人士: 我以為我們要死了 但我身邊有人甚至一點都不害怕
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest is not going to stop the [unclear].
以色列士兵: 非暴力抗爭 是無法阻止這【聲音模糊不清】
Protester: This is a peaceful march. There is no need to use violence.
抗議人士: 這是和平的遊行 不需要使用暴力
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it! We can do it!
口號聲: 我們會贏、我們會贏 我們會贏!
Julia Bacha: When I first heard about the story of Budrus, I was surprised that the international media had failed to cover the extraordinary set of events that happened seven years ago, in 2003. What was even more surprising was the fact that Budrus was successful. The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance, convinced the Israeli government to move the route of the barrier off their lands and to the green line, which is the internationally recognized boundary between Israel and the Palestinian Territories. The resistance in Budrus has since spread to villages across the West Bank and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem. Yet the media remains mostly silent on these stories. This silence carries profound consequences for the likelihood that nonviolence can grow, or even survive, in Palestine.
朱麗亞·巴夏: 當我第一次聽到 布德鲁斯村的故事時 我非常驚訝 國際媒體竟然沒有報導 這一連串驚人的事件 而這不過就發生在幾年前 就在2003年 更令人驚訝的是 布德鲁斯村成功了 居民抗爭十個月後 說服了以色列政府 將這道牆從他們的土地移開 到綠線上 也就是國際公認的 以巴領土分界線 布德鲁斯村的抗爭 自此傳遍 全約旦河西岸的村子 以及耶路撒冷境內巴勒斯坦人居住的地區 但是媒體還是沒有報導 這些事件 這種漠視嚴重的影響 非暴力運動 在巴勒斯坦發展 甚至存活的 可能性
Violent resistance and nonviolent resistance share one very important thing in common; they are both a form of theater seeking an audience to their cause. If violent actors are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers and attracting international attention to the Palestinian issue, it becomes very hard for nonviolent leaders to make the case to their communities that civil disobedience is a viable option in addressing their plight.
暴力抗爭 及非暴力抗爭 都有一個非常重要的共通點 他們都是一種劇院 需要觀眾來關心他們的議題 如果只有使用暴力的人 才能上頭版 並引起國際媒體關注 巴勒斯坦的議題 非暴力領袖 就很難 向他們的民眾證明 公民抗命 是個可行的方式 來解決當前的困境
The power of attention is probably going to come as no surprise to the parents in the room. The surest way to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums is by giving him attention the first time he throws a fit. The tantrum will become what childhood psychologists call a functional behavior, since the child has learned that he can get parental attention out of it. Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior simply by giving or withdrawing attention to their children. But that's true for adults too. In fact, the behavior of entire communities and countries can be influenced, depending on where the international community chooses to focus its attention.
關注的力量 可能對在場的父母親 一點都不陌生 如果小孩吵鬧 就能得到父母的注意 那麼小孩再來就會 吵得更凶 這種吵鬧的行為 就是兒童心理學家口中的 功能性行為 因為小孩知道 他能藉此得到父母的注意力 父母能透過給予孩童注意力 或是不給予孩童注意力 來鼓勵或抑制這樣的行為 對於成人也是如此 事實上 每個國家及其人民 都能被影響 就端看 國際社會選擇 聚焦在那裡
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East and bringing peace is for us to transform nonviolence into a functional behavior by giving a lot more attention to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today. In the course of taking my film to villages in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem, I have seen the impact that even one documentary film can have in influencing the transformation.
我認為結束中東地區的衝突 並為其帶來和平 的根本是 要將非暴力抗爭轉變成 一個功能性行為 我們只要多關注 這些帶動非暴力運動的領袖們 當我在拍攝約旦河西岸的村子 以及加薩地區以及東耶路撒冷的村子時 我見證到 就算只是一部小小的紀錄片也能 影響行為模式的轉變
In a village called Wallajeh, which sits very close to Jerusalem, the community was facing a very similar plight to Budrus. They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands and not have freedom of access, either to the West Bank or Jerusalem. They had been using nonviolence for about two years but had grown disenchanted since nobody was paying attention. So we organized a screening. A week later, they held the most well-attended and disciplined demonstration to date. The organizers say that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus documented in a film, felt that there were indeed people following what they were doing, that people cared. So they kept on going.
瓦拉杰村 座落的位置非常接近耶路撒冷 那裡的人面臨 跟布德鲁斯村非常相似的困境 他們將被包圍並失去許多土地 也將失去往返 約旦河西岸和耶路撒冷的自由 他們已經持續非暴力抗爭兩年左右了 但是他們開始感到意志消沉 因為沒有人注意他們 於是我們安排了記錄片的播放 一個禮拜後 他們舉辦了目前為止人數最多 也最有紀律的 遊行 舉辦人說 村民見到布德鲁斯村的故事 被記錄在影片後 發現確實有人 在跟隨他們的腳步 人們是在乎的 於是他們堅持了下去
On the Israeli side, there is a new peace movement called Solidariot, which means solidarity in Hebrew. The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus as one of their primary recruiting tools. They report that Israelis who had never been active before, upon seeing the film, understand the power of nonviolence and start joining their activities. The examples of Wallajeh and the Solidariot movement show that even a small-budget independent film can play a role in transforming nonviolence into a functional behavior. Now imagine the power that big media players could have if they started covering the weekly nonviolent demonstrations happening in villages like Bil'in, Ni'lin, Wallajeh, in Jerusalem neighborhoods like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan -- the nonviolent leaders would become more visible, valued and effective in their work.
在以色列那邊則有 名為索里德拉爾特的和平運動 在希伯来語中表示團结一致 這些運動的領袖都把布德鲁斯村的故事 當作主要的工具來號召群眾 他們反映說 從未參與過抗爭活動的以色列人 看過影片後 了解到非暴力的力量 也開始加入他們的抗爭 瓦拉杰村 和索里德拉爾特的和平運動 展現出小成本的獨立製片 也能幫助 非暴力行為轉變成 功能性行為 想象一下主流媒體 開始報導這些每個禮拜 都在村子裡進行的 非暴力遊行 時所產生的影響力 貝拉因村、尼因村 和瓦拉杰村 這些位處耶路撒冷境內 香克哈拉和西路万的 非暴力領導人的事跡 就會得到更多關注 他們的工作就更有價值 更有效果了
I believe that the most important thing is to understand that if we don't pay attention to these efforts, they are invisible, and it's as if they never happened. But I have seen first hand that if we do, they will multiply. If they multiply, their influence will grow in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict. And theirs is the kind of influence that can finally unblock the situation. These leaders have proven that nonviolence works in places like Budrus. Let's give them attention so they can prove it works everywhere.
我認為 最重要的是 要了解 如果沒有人關注他們的付出﹐ 那這些事 就像隱形的 好像從未發生過 但我親身經歷過 只要我們關注 他們就會開始發展 如果他們開始發展 他們的影響力會在 以巴衝突中發揮影響 而他們的影響力就是那種 能夠 化解衝突的影響力 這些領導人證明了非暴力是可行的 就算在布德鲁斯村這樣的地方 我們來關注他們 幫助他們證明自己
Thank you.
謝謝
(Applause)
【掌聲】