There's a great big elephant in the room called the economy. So let's start talking about that. I wanted to give you a current picture of the economy. That's what I have behind myself.
經濟是個很重要卻又被忽視的話題 讓我們來聊聊它 我想讓你們對目前的經濟狀況有個概念 在我身後這個
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
But of course what we have to remember is this. And what you have to think about is, when you're dancing in the flames, what's next? So what I'm going to try to do in the next 17 and a half minutes is I'm going to talk first about the flames -- where we are in the economy -- and then I'm going to take three trends that have taken place at TED over the last 25 years and that will take place in this conference and I will try and bring them together. And I will try and give you a sense of what the ultimate reboot looks like. Those three trends are the ability to engineer cells, the ability to engineer tissues, and robots. And somehow it will all make sense.
當然,我們要記得這個 然後有意識知道, 當情況危急的時後, 下一步怎麼做 所以在接下來的17分半中我要做的 是先來談談現在的危機-- 目前的經濟狀況-- 讓後我將用三個 在TED過去25年裡提到的 然後會出現在這個會談裡的趨勢 我會試著將它們統整 然後給各位一個最終復甦情形的概況 這三個趨勢是 細胞工程 組織工程 還有機器人工程 大家會看到為什麼
But anyway, let's start with the economy. There's a couple of really big problems that are still sitting there. One is leverage. And the problem with leverage is it makes the U.S. financial system look like this.
不過我們先從談經濟開始 有一些很大的問題還是存在 一個是經濟槓桿作用 然後它的問題是 讓美國財務體系變這樣
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
So, a normal commercial bank has nine to 10 times leverage. That means for every dollar you deposit, it loans out about nine or 10. A normal investment bank is not a deposit bank, it's an investment bank; it has 15 to 20 times. It turns out that B of A in September had 32 times. And your friendly Citibank had 47 times. Oops. That means every bad loan goes bad 47 times over. And that, of course, is the reason why all of you are making such generous and wonderful donations to these nice folks. And as you think about that, you've got to wonder: so what do banks have in store for you now? (Laughter) It ain't pretty.
所以,一般的商業銀行十次裡會有九次會受到這個影響 這表示你每存1塊錢銀行可以貸款出9到10塊 在一個普通的投資銀行而非存款銀行 這是投資銀行 可貸款出15到20倍的錢 結果顯示美國銀行在九月份是32倍 花旗銀行是47倍 哇 這表示每個壞帳會有47倍的影響 然後,當然,這是為什麼在坐各位 做出慷慨的捐獻 給這個演講 當你想到這裡 你一定好奇:那 (錢都貸款出去了)銀行現在幫你們存了什麼 (笑聲) 情況不妙
The government, meanwhile, has been acting like Santa Claus. We all love Santa Claus, right? But the problem with Santa Clause is, if you look at the mandatory spending of what these folks have been doing and promising folks, it turned out that in 1967, 38 percent was mandatory spending on what we call "entitlements." And then by 2007 it was 68 percent. And we weren't supposed to run into 100 percent until about 2030. Except we've been so busy giving away a trillion here, a trillion there, that we've brought that date of reckoning forward to about 2017. And we thought we were going to be able to lay these debts off on our kids, but, guess what? We're going to start to pay them. And the problem with this stuff is, now that the bill's come due, it turns out Santa isn't quite as cute when it's summertime. Right?
政府同時, 一直在扮演聖誕老人的角色 我們都喜歡聖誕老人對吧? 但問題是 如果你看到這些人做的事所用到的強制開銷 還有他們給的承諾 結果變成在1967年, 百分之38是強制開銷 用在我們所謂的"權益“上 然後到了2007變成百分之68 在2030年,開銷不應該會變成百分之百 這邊一下用了百萬兆, 那邊一下又用了百萬兆 所以將預估結果提前 到2017年 我們認為可以有能力不讓孩子承擔這樣的債務 但是猜猜看 我們已經開始在還債了 問題現在又變成,賬單要到期了 而聖誕老人在夏季不是那麼可愛 對不對?
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Here's some advice from one of the largest investors in the United States. This guy runs the China Investment Corporation. He is the main buyer of U.S. Treasury bonds. And he gave an interview in December. Here's his first bit of advice. And here's his second bit of advice. And, by the way, the Chinese Prime Minister reiterated this at Davos last Sunday. This stuff is getting serious enough that if we don't start paying attention to the deficit, we're going to end up losing the dollar. And then all bets are off.
這是美國其中一個最大的投資家提出的一些建議 這個人經營中國的投資集團 他是美國國庫卷的主要買者 在12月時接受訪問 這是他給的第一個建議 這是第二個 順道一提 中國國務總理在上星期日的達沃斯也重述這些要點 情況開始不樂觀 如果我們不開始重視缺失 我們最後會造成虧損 光這個就會帶來嚴重的後果
Let me show you what it looks like. I think I can safely say that I'm the only trillionaire in this room. This is an actual bill. And it's 10 triliion dollars. The only problem with this bill is it's not really worth very much. That was eight bucks last week, four bucks this week, a buck next week. And that's what happens to currencies when you don't stand behind them. So the next time somebody as cute as this shows up on your doorstep, and sometimes this creature's called Chrysler and sometimes Ford and sometimes ... whatever you want -- you've just got to say no. And you've got to start banishing a word that's called "entitlement." And the reason we have to do that in the short term is because we have just run out of cash.
讓大家看看情形會怎麼樣 我敢說 我是目前這邊的唯一百萬兆富翁 這是個的紙鈔 價值10千萬兆美金 問題是它並不真的直那麼多錢 上星期它值8塊, 這星期4塊 下星期只剩1塊了 這就是當我們無法支撐匯率時會發生的情況 所以下次有這麼可愛的人出現在你家門口 有時候它叫做克萊斯勒或是福特或有時後...隨你喜歡叫什麼-- 你只能拒絕 然後你必須開始不在用“權益”這個字 需要這麼做,在短期來看 是因為我們沒錢了
If you look at the federal budget, this is what it looks like. The orange slice is what's discretionary. Everything else is mandated. It makes no difference if we cut out the bridges to Alaska in the overall scheme of things. So what we have to start thinking about doing is capping our medical spending because that's a monster that's simply going to eat the entire budget. We've got to start thinking about asking people to retire a little bit later. If you're 60 to 65 you retire on time. Your 401(k) just got nailed. If you're 50 to 60 we want you to work two years more. If you're under 50 we want you to work four more years. The reason why that's reasonable is, when your grandparents were given Social Security, they got it at 65 and were expected to check out at 68. Sixty-eight is young today. We've also got to cut the military about three percent a year.
如果你看聯邦政府預算,就是這個樣子 橘色部份是自由資金 其他都是強制資金 就算斷去通往阿拉斯加的橋整個情形也不會改變 所以我們需要開始著手的 是限制醫療支出 因為它是個會吞噬整個預算的怪物 我們必須開始 要求大家晚點退休 60到65歲退休就差不多 退休金受的影響就不大 如果你是在50到60歲, 那希望你可以在多工做兩年 如果你還不到50歲,希望你可以多工做四年 為什麼這麼說合理是因為, 當你的祖父母得到社會保障時 他們大概65歲開始領到68歲 現在68歲算年輕的了 我們也需要縮減一年3%的軍用預算
We've got to limit other mandatory spending. We've got to quit borrowing as much, because otherwise the interest is going to eat that whole pie. And we've got to end up with a smaller government. And if we don't start changing this trend line, we are going to lose the dollar and start to look like Iceland. I got what you're thinking. This is going to happen when hell freezes over. But let me remind you this December it did snow in Vegas.
我們必須限制一些強制開銷 我們必須停止這麼多的借貸 不然的話, 利息會佔據整個趨勢 然後剩下小規模的政府 如果不開始改變這個趨勢 經濟就會受到影響 變得像冰島一樣 我知道你們在想什麼 這一切除非地獄凍結了才會發生 但是讓我提醒你, 拉斯維加斯今年十二月的確下雪了
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Here's what happens if you don't address this stuff. So, Japan had a fiscal real estate crisis back in the late '80s. And its 225 largest companies today are worth one quarter of what they were 18 years ago. We don't fix this now, how would you like to see a Dow 3,500 in 2026? Because that's the consequence of not dealing with this stuff. And unless you want this person to not just become the CFO of Florida, but the United States, we'd better deal with this stuff. That's the short term. That's the flame part. That's the financial crisis.
如果你們再不關注這些議題,以下這樣的事就會發生 日本在80年代的時後 發生過地產財務危機 現今225間最大的公司 價值只有十八年前的四分之一 現在我們不重視問題 你想在2026年看見道瓊指數3,500嗎? 因為那就是現在不重視這些問題的後果 除非你要這個人 不只是當佛羅里達的財務長,還是整個美國的財務長 我們現在最好開始重視這些問題 這是短期來看. 比較棘手的部份 財務方面的危機
Now, right behind the financial crisis there's a second and bigger wave that we need to talk about. That wave is much larger, much more powerful, and that's of course the wave of technology. And what's really important in this stuff is, as we cut, we also have to grow. Among other things, because startup companies are .02 percent of U.S. GDP investmentm and they're about 17.8 percent of output. It's groups like that in this room that generate the future of the U.S. economy. And that's what we've got to keep growing. We don't have to keep growing these bridges to nowhere. So let's bring a romance novelist into this conversation. And that's where these three trends come together. That's where the ability to engineer microbes, the ability to engineer tissues, and the ability to engineer robots begin to lead to a reboot. And let me recap some of the stuff you've seen.
現在, 跟在財務危機後面的第二波更大的浪潮 我們必須來談談 這個問題更強殺傷力更大 當然,就是科技浪潮 這個重要的地方是 我們縮減預算的同時也必須要成長 別的先不提,新起的公司 佔據美國國民所得投資的 0.02% 帶來17.8%的出產 像一匹帶領美國未來經濟的人聚集在一起 而這就是我們必須繼續成長的方向 我們不必毫無目標的發展 所以現在我們把浪漫新主義者帶進來 這就是三波趨勢匯集的地方 微生物工程 組織工程 和機器人工程 將帶領復甦 讓我重述一下你們看過的東西
Craig Venter showed up last year and showed you the first fully programmable cell that acts like hardware where you can insert DNA and have it boot up as a different species. In parallel, the folks at MIT have been building a standard registry of biological parts. So think of it as a Radio Shack for biology. You can go out and get your proteins, your RNA, your DNA, whatever. And start building stuff. In 2006 they brought together high school students and college students and started to build these little odd creatures. They just happened to be alive instead of circuit boards.
去年Craig Venter來過 展示給大家看到第一個可以完整編程, 運作起來像是電腦硬體的細胞 你可以植入DNA, 並將它驅動行成不同的生物 在這同時,MIT的人 已經開始建立生物器官的標準制式 把它想成是給生物學的Radio Shack (美國電子物件零售商) 你可以出去買到自己的蛋白質,RNA, DNA, 等等 然後開始組裝你要的東西 在2006年他們聚集高中生和大專院校學生 開始做這些小生物 它們活起來了而並非只是電路板
Here was one of the first things they built. So, cells have this cycle. First they don't grow. Then they grow exponentially. Then they stop growing. Graduate students wanted a way of telling which stage they were in. So they engineered these cells so that when they're growing in the exponential phase, they would smell like wintergreen. And when they stopped growing they would smell like bananas. And you could tell very easily when your experiment was working and wasn't, and where it was in the phase.
這是其中一個他們做的東西 細胞有個循環 一開始它們不會長 然後就一下長很快 然後就不會停止生長了 研究生想找到方法知道細胞的成長階段 所以他們做了這樣的細胞工程 當細胞急速成長的時後 會聞起來像冬青樹 當停止生長的時後會聞起來像香蕉 然後實驗者就可以很容易知道哪個實驗 是否成功了,然後在什麼階段
This got a bit more complicated two years later. Twenty-one countries came together. Dozens of teams. They started competing. The team from Rice University started to engineer the substance in red wine that makes red wine good for you into beer. So you take resveratrol and you put it into beer. Of course, one of the judges is wandering by, and he goes, "Wow! Cancer-fighting beer! There is a God."
這個兩年之後開始變得複雜一些 21個國家,很多的團體聚集在一起 開始互相比賽 從Rice University 開始培養改造 紅酒裡對人體有益處的物質 轉到啤酒裡 所以你可以提煉出葡萄中的抗氧化物質然後放到啤酒裡 當然,其中一個競賽評審經過就說 "哇, 抗癌的啤酒! 上帝真的存在!"
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
The team from Taiwan was a little bit more ambitious. They tried to engineer bacterias in such a way that they would act as your kidneys. Four years ago, I showed you this picture. And people oohed and ahhed, because Cliff Tabin had been able to grow an extra wing on a chicken. And that was very cool stuff back then. But now moving from bacterial engineering to tissue engineering, let me show you what's happened in that period of time.
從台灣來的團隊比較有野心 他們想將微生物變成 可以有腎臟的功能 四年前, 我讓你們看過這個圖片 大家好驚奇 因為Cliff Tabin 可以讓雞多長出翅膀 在當時是很酷的東西 但是現在從微生物工程道組織工程 我讓大家看看這個階段發生了什麼
Two years ago, you saw this creature. An almost-extinct animal from Xochimilco, Mexico called an axolotl that can re-generate its limbs. You can freeze half its heart. It regrows. You can freeze half the brain. It regrows. It's almost like leaving Congress. (Laughter) But now, you don't have to have the animal itself to regenerate, because you can build cloned mice molars in Petri dishes. And, of course if you can build mice molars in Petri dishes, you can grow human molars in Petri dishes. This should not surprise you, right? I mean, you're born with no teeth. You give away all your teeth to the tooth fairy. You re-grow a set of teeth. But then if you lose one of those second set of teeth, they don't regrow, unless, if you're a lawyer.
兩年前,你們看到這個生物 一個從墨西哥 Xochimilco 差不多絕種的動物 叫做 axolotl(白化六角恐龍 / 墨西哥蠑螈) 牠可以自生臂膀 你把牠一半的心臟冷凍起來, 它會長出來 你把牠一半的腦子冷凍起來,它會長出來 很像國會 (笑聲) 但是現在,你不須要這樣的動物來自我恢復 因為你可以在培養皿中複製老鼠的臼齒 當然,如果你可以在培養皿中複製老鼠的臼齒 人類的牙齒也可以 你們應該不覺得有什麼驚奇的對吧? 我意思是說, 你天生就沒牙齒 牙齒長出來後都給牙齒精靈 重長新的牙齒 但是如果第二匹長出的牙齒掉了,它們就不會再長了 除非, 你是律師
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
But, of course, for most of us, we know how to grow teeth, and therefore we can take adult stem teeth, put them on a biodegradable mold, re-grow a tooth, and simply implant it. And we can do it with other things. So, a Spanish woman who was dying of T.B. had a donor trachea, they took all the cells off the trachea, they spraypainted her stem cells onto that cartilage. She regrew her own trachea, and 72 hours later it was implanted. She's now running around with her kids. This is going on in Tony Atala's lab in Wake Forest where he is re-growing ears for injured soldiers, and he's also re-growing bladders. So there are now nine women walking around Boston with re-grown bladders, which is much more pleasant than walking around with a whole bunch of plastic bags for the rest of your life.
但是,當然,對大部份其他人來說 我們知道牙齒怎麼長,所以可以取成人的牙齒幹細胞 放入生物培養皿重新長牙 然後植牙 我們也可以在別的東西上做同樣的事 所以,假設一個因肺結核生命垂危的西班牙裔的女子得到一個捐贈的氣管 他們將氣管的細胞全部取出 然後在軟骨上鋪上她的幹細胞 她自生自己的氣管 72小時後植入了 她現在快樂地和孩子們玩樂 這是在Tony Atala於Wake Forest的實驗室發生的 在那邊他幫忙受傷的士兵重生耳朵 也在做膀胱的生長 現今有九位女士在Boston 有著重新生長的膀胱 比下半生都要帶著塑膠袋子 (尿帶)四處走動 感覺好太多了
This is kind of getting boring, right? I mean, you understand where this story's going. But, I mean it gets more interesting. Last year, this group was able to take all the cells off a heart, leaving just the cartilage. Then, they sprayed stem cells onto that heart, from a mouse. Those stem cells self-organized, and that heart started to beat. Life happens.
開始有點無聊了嗎? 我是說,你知道故事演變的方向 但越來越有趣的是 去年,這群人可以移除所有心臟細胞 只留下軟骨 然後,將心臟鋪滿老鼠的幹細胞 幹細胞自我組織, 心臟開始跳動了 生命出現了
This may be one of the ultimate papers. This was done in Japan and in the U.S., published at the same time, and it rebooted skin cells into stem cells, last year. That meant that you can take the stuff right here, and turn it into almost anything in your body. And this is becoming common, it's moving very quickly, it's moving in a whole series of places.
這應該是最近期的發表的文章 在日本和美國同步發表 然後在去年將皮膚細胞轉成幹細胞 那表示你可以就這樣從這邊拿東西出來 讓後把它變成身體的任何一部份 這將越來越普遍, 這樣的技術發展非常快 朝向一系列的領域發展
Third trend: robots. Those of us of a certain age grew up expecting that by now we would have Rosie the Robot from "The Jetsons" in our house. And all we've got is a Roomba. (Laughter) We also thought we'd have this robot to warn us of danger. Didn't happen. And these were robots engineered for a flat world, right? So, Rosie runs around on skates and the other one ran on flat threads. If you don't have a flat world, that's not good, which is why the robot's we're designing today are a little different.
第三個趨勢: 機器人 我們這個年代的人生長在期待 家裡會有"傑森一家“中的機器人Rosie 但是我們只有Roomba (自動地板清潔器) (笑聲) 我們也以為會有這樣的機器人幫我們預警 也沒發生 這些是機器人是製造用在平穩的陸地上對吧? 所以, Rosie穿著溜冰鞋跑來跑去 然後另一個在平路上跑 如果地都不平就糟糕了 這是為什麼現今的機器人做得有點不一樣
This is Boston Dynamics' "BigDog." And this is about as close as you can get to a physical Turing test. O.K., so let me remind you, a Turing test is where you've got a wall, you're talking to somebody on the other side of the wall, and when you don't know if that thing is human or animal -- that's when computers have reached human intelligence. This is not an intelligence Turing rest, but this is as close as you can get to a physical Turing test. And this stuff is moving very quickly, and by the way, that thing can carry about 350 pounds of weight. These are not the only interesting robots. You've also got flies, the size of flies, that are being made by Robert Wood at Harvard. You've got Stickybots that are being made at Stanford. And as you bring these things together, as you bring cells, biological tissue engineering and mechanics together, you begin to get some really odd questions.
這是Boston Dynamic的" BigDog." 這是你可以看到最接近現實物質的圖靈試驗 好,讓我備註一下, 圖靈試驗是當你有一道牆 你在牆的另一邊說話 當你不知道說話對象是人類還是動物 -- 就表示電腦已經達到人類的智力了 這個不是智力的圖靈試驗 這個已經是最接近實物的圖靈試驗 這個東西移動的很快 順便提一下, 這個東西可以承載350磅的重量 這不是唯一一個有趣的機器人 我們也有蒼蠅, 跟真的蒼蠅大小一樣 哈佛大學的Robert Wood做的 我們還有在Stanford做的Stickybots 當你把這些東西聚集在一起 同時加入細胞, 生物組織工程和機械工程結合一起 你會開始發現有一些奇怪的疑問
In the last Olympics, this gentleman, who had several world records in the Special Olympics, tried to run in the normal Olympics. The only issue with Oscar Pistorius is he was born without bones in the lower part of his legs. He came within about a second of qualifying. He sued to be allowed to run, and he won the suit, but didn't qualify by time. Next Olympics, you can bet that Oscar, or one of Oscar's successors, is going to make the time. And two or three Olympics after that, they are going to be unbeatable.
在上一次的奧運, 這位 打破很多項特殊奧運世界紀錄的先生 試著在一般的奧運競賽跑 Oscar Pistorius 唯一的問題是 他天生腳的下半部就沒有骨頭 他想到一種讓他合格參加比賽的方式 法律訴訟參加跑步 然後勝訴了 但是並沒有及時通過省核 下一次奧運會, 你可以打賭是Oscar 還是他的後繼者會及時趕上比賽 兩三次奧運會之後, 他們就無敵了
And as you bring these trends together, and as you think of what it means to take people who are profoundly deaf, who can now begin to hear -- I mean, remember the evolution of hearing aids, right? I mean, your grandparents had these great big cones, and then your parents had these odd boxes that would squawk at odd times during dinner, and now we have these little buds that nobody sees. And now you have cochlear implants that go into people's heads and allow the deaf to begin to hear. Now, they can't hear as well as you and I can. But, in 10 or 15 machine generations they will, and these are machine generations, not human generations. And about two or three years after they can hear as well as you and I can, they'll be able to hear maybe how bats sing, or how whales talk, or how dogs talk, and other types of tonal scales. They'll be able to focus their hearing, they'll be able to increase the sensitivity, decrease the sensitivity, do a series of things that we can't do.
當你把所有的趨勢整合一起, 然後想想它的意義 讓一個完全失去聽力的人可以聽見 我是說, 記得助聽器的演變嗎? 你的祖父母有那樣的大圓筒 然後到你父母的年代有這樣 吃飯的時候會發出聲的怪盒子 然後現在我門有人看不到的小東西 在來是耳蝸的植入 可以進入人腦讓聽不見的人再次有聽力 現在他們的聽力可以跟你我一樣好 但是在10-15個機器時代後 這些都是機器人做的, 而非人做的 他們可以聽見大約再過2, 3年 說不定就可以學會蝙蝠的聲音或是鯨魚怎麼溝通的 或是狗怎麼說話, 還有其他種音調 他們可以集中注意在聽力 可以增加或減少強度 做很多我們可以做的事
And the same thing is happening in eyes. This is a group in Germany that's beginning to engineer eyes so that people who are blind can begin to see light and dark. Very primitive. And then they'll be able to see shape. And then they'll be able to see color, and then they'll be able to see in definition, and one day, they'll see as well as you and I can. And a couple of years after that, they'll be able to see in ultraviolet, they'll be able to see in infrared, they'll be able to focus their eyes, they'll be able to come into a microfocus. They'll do stuff you and I can't do. All of these things are coming together, and it's a particularly important thing to understand, as we worry about the flames of the present, to keep an eye on the future.
同樣的東西發生在視力 這邊有一個德國的團隊開始在製造眼睛 看不見的人可以開始分辨明暗 非常基本的 他們開始可以看到形狀 可以看見顏色, 而且看得很清晰 然後有一天, 他們會可以看見像你我看到的東西 再過幾年他們就能看見紫外線光 可以看見紅外線, 可以焦距視力 可以在微距看東西 他們可以做到你我都做不了的東西 這些匯集在一起 這是一個特別重要需要大家理解的事 當我們現在擔心眼前的炙手問題時 要關注未來
And, of course, the future is looking back 200 years, because next week is the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth. And it's the 150th anniversary of the publication of "The Origin of Species." And Darwin, of course, argued that evolution is a natural state. It is a natural state in everything that is alive, including hominids. There have actually been 22 species of hominids that have been around, have evolved, have wandered in different places, have gone extinct. It is common for hominids to evolve. And that's the reason why, as you look at the hominid fossil record, erectus, and heidelbergensis, and floresiensis, and Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens, all overlap. The common state of affairs is to have overlapping versions of hominids, not one.
當然, 未來是往後看200年 因為下個星期是達爾文200歲的生日 也是物種原始發表的150年紀年日 達爾文認為進化是自然的狀態 是任何有生命的生物, 包括人類的自然狀態 有22種類人物種 存在, 演化, 分佈在不同的地方 他們已經絕種了 所以類人生物進化是很常見的 這是為什麼當你看到人類化石的紀錄 直立人, 海德堡人, 佛羅勒斯人還有尼安德特人, 智人, 都有重複特徵 這通常表示有重複類型的類人物種 不是只有一種
And as you think of the implications of that, here's a brief history of the universe. The universe was created 13.7 billion years ago, and then you created all the stars, and all the planets, and all the galaxies, and all the Milky Ways. And then you created Earth about 4.5 billion years ago, and then you got life about four billion years ago, and then you got hominids about 0.006 billion years ago, and then you got our version of hominids about 0.0015 billion years ago. Ta-dah! Maybe the reason for thr creation of the universe, and all the galaxies, and all the planets, and all the energy, and all the dark energy, and all the rest of stuff is to create what's in this room. Maybe not. That would be a mildly arrogant viewpoint. (Laughter) So, if that's not the purpose of the universe, then what's next? (Laughter)
當你想想背後的涵意, 這是簡短的宇宙歷史 宇宙是137億年前產生的 然後有恆星跟行星 所有的星系和銀河系 然後地球是45億產生的 40億年後出現生命 600萬年前出現類人猿 我們這樣的人類在150萬年前出現 Ta-dah! 或許, 宇宙起源的原因 還有這些星系跟行星跟能源 所以暗物質還有其他東西 是為了創造這個房間裡的所有東西 或許不是 這樣的觀點或許有些自大 (笑聲) 如果這不是宇宙的意義那會是什麼? (笑聲)
I think what we're going to see is we're going to see a different species of hominid. I think we're going to move from a Homo sapiens into a Homo evolutis. And I think this isn't 1,000 years out. I think most of us are going to glance at it, and our grandchildren are going to begin to live it. And a Homo evolutis brings together these three trends into a hominid that takes direct and deliberate control over the evolution of his species, her species and other species. And that, of course, would be the ultimate reboot.
我想我們將看的是不同的類人物種 我想我們會從智人變成演化人 我認為這不是1000年後的事情 大多數的我們都只能看到一下子 我們的子孫將會活在那樣的環境裡 演化人將三個趨勢聚集在一起 變成一種直接對 後來的類人演變的控制 到時後, 當然, 會是終極的復甦
Thank you very much. (Applause)
謝謝 (掌聲)