This one's personal. I know what it's like to have the government say, "We're going to kill you in the morning." I know what it's like to leave a country on six hours' notice and land on someone's couch. Because of that, I wrote a book on why countries do well and why they don't. Let me summarize 250 pages.
這是場帶有很重個人色彩的演說。 我知道,當聽到政府說: 「明天早上我們會殺了你。」 是什麼感覺。 我知道,接到通知被要求 在六小時內離開國家, 只能睡別人家沙發的感覺。 因此,我寫了一本書, 談了談國家經營得好與不好的原因。 讓我把那兩百五十頁做個總結。
Countries have to be compassionate, they have to be kind, they have to be smart, they have to be brave. Want to know what doesn't work? When you govern through fear and you govern through cruelty, it just doesn't work. You can play Genghis Khan for a while, you can play Stalin for a while, you can play Pinochet for a while. It does not work in the long run.
這個國家必須要有同情心, 必須要善良, 必須要聰明,必須要勇敢。 想知道怎樣是行不通的嗎? 透過恐懼,透過殘忍來治理國家, 這是行不通的。 你可以暫時扮演成吉思汗, 你可以暫時扮演史達林, 暫時扮演皮諾契特, 但長期就行不通了。
And it doesn't work in the long run because to govern through fear and cruelty, you have to create a division. You have to take big chunks of the country and convince them that they're not like them. That they shouldn't associate with them, they shouldn't talk to them. That those people are nasty, those people are criminals, those people are rapists. And the country is in danger because of them. And if you spend millions of dollars doing that in your country, you will make enemies abroad, and you will create divisions within. And that has consequences.
長期之所以行不通, 是因為要透過恐懼和殘忍 來治理國家的話, 就不得不創造出分裂。 你得要說服人數多的族群, 說他們和其他人不同。 不該和非我族類拉上關係, 不該和他們說話。 這些人很下流,他們是罪犯, 他們是強暴犯。 因為他們的存在,國家陷入危險。 如果你在你的國家中 花數百萬美金來這麼做, 出則敵國外患, 內則四分五裂。 那是會有很嚴重的後果的。
Three quarters of the flags and the borders and the anthems around the United Nations today, they were not there a few decades ago. Those lines that are there today, those flags were created because somebody said, "the Scotts are not like us," "the Welsh are not like us," "the Basques are not like us," "the northern Italians are not like us," "the Muslims are not like us," the blacks, the whites, the Christians. You create "us versus them" ... you destroy nations.
現今美國周圍四分之三的 旗幟,邊界和國歌, 幾十年前並不存在。 現今,會有那些邊界, 會有那些國旗,是因為有人說: 「蘇格蘭人和我們不同」, 「威爾斯人和我們不同」, 「巴斯克人和我們不同」, 「北義大利人和我們不同」, 「穆斯林和我們不同」, 黑人,白人,基督徒。 當「我們 」和 「他們」的 區別意識出現, 國家就會分崩離析。
Part of the problem from creating us versus them is it's hard to do. What you have to do is you have to make people believe absurdities. And once people believe absurdities, then they start to commit atrocities. That's the dynamic of this thing. You can't create "us versus them" -- you can't have the massacres you had in Rwanda, you can't have the massacres you had in Yugoslavia -- unless if you create this dynamic.
問題是,創造「我們 」 與「 他們」的區別意識是很難的。 你要做的是 讓大家相信荒誕無比的事。 一旦大家相信了荒誕之事, 他們就會開始犯下暴行。 它的運作動能就是如此。 如果你無法創造出「我們 」 與「他們」的區別意識—— 就不可能有盧安達的大屠殺, 就不可能有南斯拉夫的大屠殺—— 除非你創造出了這種動能。
Let me summarize current immigration policy. Let's deter "Them" by being as cruel as we can possibly be, and let's target their children. They are going after the children. You have US lawyers arguing that kids do not need soap or hugs or showers, adult help or a release date. Somebody gets pulled over for a broken tail light, who's worked here for 20 years, gets thrown into jail, maybe for life, with no legal representation. The terrorists that blew up the World Trade Center get lawyers. These kids, these parents, they don't get lawyers. Governments are telling some of the most desperate, hurt people on earth, "I took your child, pay me 800 dollars for a DNA test before you get it back." Three-year-olds are appearing in court.
讓我總結一下目前的移民政策。 我們要威懾「他們」, 手法越殘酷越好; 讓我們把他們的孩子作為目標。 他們要對付孩子。 有律師忙著做出 「孩子不需要肥皂、擁抱、淋浴、 成人的協助或者釋放日期」的主張。 有人因為車尾燈壞掉而被攔下, 他在這裡工作了二十年, 卻被丟到監獄, 也許會在那裡待上一生, 而他卻沒有法律顧問。 那些炸掉世貿大樓的 恐怖分子都有律師。 而這些孩子、這些父母, 他們沒有律師。 政府告訴這些可能是 地球上最絕望、最受傷的人: 「我要帶走你的孩子, 要回來之前要先付我 八百美金的 DNA 檢測費。」 三歲的孩子們出現在法庭上。
Look, we've all watched these courtroom dramas. And it's exciting, because the wise judge sits up there, and the defense lawyer attacks and the prosecutor counterattacks, and then you figure out how it's going to happen. I want you to understand what is happening right now. Prosecutor's there -- it's the tough prosecutor. Accusing, attacking, on behalf of we the people. The judge is up there, Judge Muckety-muck, with his black robes, and he's questioning the defendant from up there. And the defendant is three years old and the eyes don't reach the side of the table. The defendant does not speak the language. The earphones for the translator have fallen off the defendant's head, because there are no headphones for three-year-olds in US courtrooms, because they are not supposed to defend themselves. This makes a mockery of justice, it makes a mockery of the prosecution system, it makes a mockery of who we are as a nation.
我們都看過法庭電影, 他們都很令人興奮。 因為電影中有明智的法官坐在那裡, 辯方律師攻擊, 控方則反擊, 接著你便能猜出後續會如何發展。 我希望各位能了解現在的狀況。 那裡的檢察官——很強勢。 他們代表我們人民來指控、攻擊。 上頭的法官,神氣活現的大人物, 穿著黑袍, 他高高在上地質疑 僅僅三歲的被告, 而被告的眼睛都沒有桌面高。 被告不會說他們的語言。 被告戴在頭上的 翻譯耳機掉落下來, 因為美國法庭上沒有 適合三歲小孩用的耳機, 因為他們根本不應該為自己辯護。 這顯得司法很可笑, 這顯得檢察制度很可笑, 這顯得我們這個國家很可笑。
These are absurdities. These are atrocities. This is unbelievable. And we're looking at a bunch of statistics, but I want you to understand, this is happening to the housekeeper who brought up your kids. This is happening to the gardener who took care of your house. This is happening to the guy who washed the dishes in the fancy restaurant you went to last week. This is happening to the people who deliver the newspaper in the mornings. This is your community, these are the people who have lived side by side with you. Treated you well, treated you with respect, taken care of your kids, taken care of your grandparents. This is Luis, this is Laura, this is Jaime. This isn't some abstract, "Oh, it's happening at the border" -- this is happening in our community, right now.
這些都很荒誕。 這些都是暴行。 讓人無法置信的暴行。 我們看著的是一堆統計數字, 但我希望各位知道, 這樣的事情發生在 將你的孩子帶大的女傭身上。 這樣的事情發生在 照料你的房子的園丁身上。 這樣的事情發生在 幫上週你造訪的高檔 餐廳洗碗的人身上。 這樣的事情發生在 早上送報紙的人身上。 這是你所在的社區, 這些人就住在你附近。 他們對你很好,他們尊重你, 照顧你的孩子,照顧你的祖父母。 這是路易斯,這是蘿拉, 這是海米。 這並不是抽象的:「喔, 這是邊界那邊的事」—— 這現在就發生在我們的社區內。
And the danger in this stuff is once you start normalizing absurdities and atrocities, people think that those instruments are legitimate. So you get school boards sending out letters like this: "Dear Parent, because your kid owes lunch money to the cafeteria, the result may be that your child will be taken away and put in foster care." This is going out from school boards because people think, "Well, that seems to be an instrument of deterrence."
這背後的危險是 一旦人們開始把荒誕和暴行正常化, 大家會認為這些手段是合法的。 所以學校董事會會寄 像這樣的信給你: 「親愛的學生家長, 因為你的孩子欠餐廳午餐錢, 所以你的孩子會被帶走, 交由寄養照顧。」 這訊息來自學校董事會, 因為大家認為: 「嗯,那似乎是威懾的手段。」
When you board an airplane, before kids, before first class, soldiers in uniform board. Some of them are immigrants. Here's a contract: join the army, serve your term, be honorably discharged, get citizenship. We are rescinding those contracts after they have been signed. And if those soldiers are killed in action, we are deporting their wives, and sometimes, their children. These are the people who protect us. These are the people that we honor. These are the brave. And this is how we're treating them. These are not the people who cross the border illegally.
當你登上飛機, 穿制服的士兵比孩子、頭等艙乘客 都早登機。 他們中有些人是移民。 合約如下:加入軍隊, 服滿役期,光榮退役, 取得公民權。 可我們在那些合約簽署後, 廢除了這些合約。 如果那些士兵陣亡在戰場, 我們會驅逐他們的妻子, 有時連孩子一起驅逐。 他們是在保護我們的人。 他們是我們應該給予尊敬的人。 他們是勇敢的人。 而這卻是我們對待他們的方式。 他們並不是非法通過邊界的人。
Once you start allowing this kind of behavior, it normalizes into a society, and it rips the society apart. Countries are built on the hard work and grit of immigrants; we are all immigrants. We just came at different times.
一旦你開始容許這種行為發生, 它就會被正常化,融入社會, 讓這個社會四分五裂。 國家是靠移民的努力勤勉 和膽識而建造起來的; 我們都是移民。 我們只是來的時間不一樣。
Fifty-five percent of this country's main businesses, the most successful businesses in this country, the unicorns, are built by people who came as foreign students or as immigrants, and they're the founders or the cofounders. Well, here's what's happened over the last three years to the best brains in the world. Forty-two percent of them did not get visas or chose not to get visas. This is how you wipe out an economy.
這個國家的主要企業, 這個國家中最成功的企業,最頂尖的 那些企業,當中有有 55% 是由以外國學生或移民身分 來到這個國家的人所建造的, 他們是創辦人或共同創辦人。 在過去三年,全世界最聰明的人們 遭遇了這樣子的狀況。 他們當中有 42% 無法取得簽證, 或選擇不要取得簽證。 這就是人們摧毀經濟的方式。
This isn't about kids and borders. It's about us. This is about who we are, who we the people are, as a nation and as individuals. This is not an abstract debate.
重點不是孩子和邊界。 重點是我們。 重點是,在國家及個人的層級上 我們是誰、我們人民是誰。 這不是一場十分抽象的辯論。
A lot of us like to think if we had been back when Hitler was rising to power, we would have been out in the street, we would have opposed him, we would have stopped Mengele. A lot of us like to think, if we had been around during the '60s, we would have been with the Freedom Riders. We would have been at that bridge in Selma. Well, guess what? Here's your chance. It's now.
我們很多人會想, 如果我們回到希特勒掌權的時候, 我們會走上街頭, 我們會反對他, 我們會阻止門格勒。 我們很多人會想, 如果我們在六○年代, 我們會支持自由乘車運動者。 我們會走上塞爾瑪的橋。 嗯,猜猜如何? 你的機會來了。 就是現在。
And as you're thinking about this stuff, it's not just the giant acts, it's not just go and block the bridge or chain yourself to something. It's what you do in your daily lives. The Harvard Art Museum just opened a show on how artists think about immigration and building a home somewhere else. And people come out of that show and they're pretty shaken. There was a blank wall at the end. And the curators did something that usually doesn't happen -- they improvised. They drew four lines, and put in two words: "I belong." So you come out of this exhibit, and you can take a picture in front of it. I can't tell you the impact that has on people -- I watched people come out of this, and some of them sat in front of that picture, took a picture, and they had a great, big grin on their face, and some people just had tears. Some people hugged and brought in strangers, others brought in their family.
當你去思考這些時, 重點不是偉大的行為, 重點不是去阻擋橋樑, 或者把自己鏈在某處。 重點是你在日常生活的所做所為。 哈佛藝術博物館剛開始一個展覽, 內容是藝術家對移民 以及到其他地方建立家園的看法。 離開那個展覽的人都很震驚。 最後有一面空白的牆。 策展人做了一件 通常不會做的事—— 他們即興創作。 他們畫了四條線,加上兩個字: 「我屬於這裡。」 離開這個展覽時, 你可以在它前面照像。 我無法告訴各位 它對大家的影響—— 我看著人們從展覽出來, 有些人坐在那張圖前面, 拍了照片,臉上有著大大的笑容, 有些人則是在落淚。 有些人會擁抱,把陌生人拉進來, 還有人把家人帶進來。
Small acts of kindness go a long, long, long way. There is pain going on in your community like you cannot believe. So next time you're with a cab driver who may be one of "Them," according to certain people, give that person an extra five bucks. Next time you see a hotel maid, thank her and tip her double. Next time you see your gardener, you see your nanny, you see somebody like this, give them a great, big hug, and tell them they belong. Make them feel like they belong. It's time for big policies, but it's also time for big acts of kindness. Because we have to reclaim who we are, we have to reclaim this nation.
小小的仁慈之舉 能夠持續很久很久。 在你的社區中, 有你無法置信的痛苦存在。 所以,下次, 若根據某些人的說法, 當你的計程車司機可能 是「他們」中的一員時, 多給那個人五美金。 下次當你碰到飯店的女佣, 謝謝她,給她雙倍小費。 下次當你碰到你的園丁, 碰到你的褓姆, 碰到這類人士, 給他們一個大擁抱, 告訴他們,他們屬於這裡。 讓他們覺得他們屬於這裡。 現在是推出重大政策的時候,也是 做出重大仁慈之舉的時候。 因為我們得要改造我們, 我們得要改造這個國家。
(Voice breaking) And we cannot sit there and watch this shit going on.
(打斷)我們不能坐在那裡, 看著這種鳥事發生。
This has got to stop, it's got to stop now.
這必須要停止, 現在就必須要停止。
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲)