I love my food. And I love information. My children usually tell me that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other. (Laughter)
Volim hranu. I volim informacije. Moja deca mi obično kažu da je jedna od tih strasti malo očiglednija od druge. (Smeh)
But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so is to take you through how those passions developed, the point in my life when the two passions merged, the journey of learning that took place from that point. And one idea I want to leave you with today is what would would happen differently in your life if you saw information the way you saw food?
Ono što želim da uradim u sledećih osam minuta je da vas provedem kroz to kako su se ove strasti razvile u mom životu do tačke kada su se spojile, put učenja koje je počelo od tog trenutka. Jedna ideja koju danas hoću da vam prenesem je šta bi se drugačije desilo u vašem životu kada biste na informaciju gledali na način na koji vidite hranu?
I was born in Calcutta -- a family where my father and his father before him were journalists, and they wrote magazines in the English language. That was the family business. And as a result of that, I grew up with books everywhere around the house. And I mean books everywhere around the house. And that's actually a shop in Calcutta, but it's a place where we like our books. In fact, I've got 38,000 of them now and no Kindle in sight.
Rođen sam u Kalkuti - u porodici gde su moj otac i njegov otac pre njega bili novinari i pisali su časopise na engleskom jeziku. To je bio porodični posao. I kao rezultat toga odrastao sam sa knjigama svuda po kući. I to baš svuda po kući. To je u stvari prodavnica u Kalkuti, ali to je mesto gde volimo svoje knjige. U stvari, sada ih imam 38.000 i nema Kindle-a ni na pomolu.
But growing up as a child with the books around everywhere, with people to talk to about those books, this wasn't a sort of slightly learned thing.
Ali odrastajući kao dete okruženo knjigama, sa ljudima sa kojima sam mogao da pričam o tim knjigama, to nije bila tek uzgred naučena stvar.
By the time I was 18, I had a deep passion for books. It wasn't the only passion I had. I was a South Indian brought up in Bengal. And two of the things about Bengal: they like their savory dishes and they like their sweets. So by the time I grew up, again, I had a well-established passion for food. Now I was growing up in the late '60s and early '70s, and there were a number of other passions I was also interested in, but these two were the ones that differentiated me. (Laughter)
Do trenutka kada sam napunio 18, imao sam snažnu strast prema knjigama. To nije bila jedina strast koju sam imao. Ja sam iz južne Indije odrastao u Bengalu. I postoje dve stvari u vezi sa Bengalom: oni vole svoja slana jela i vole svoje slatkiše. Tako da, kad sam odrastao imao sam čvrsto uspostavljenu strast prema hrani. Odrastao sam kasnih '60-ih i ranih '70-ih godina i postojale su brojne druge strasti za koje sam takođe bio zainteresovan ali pomenute dve su bile one zbog kojih sam se razlikovao. (Smeh)
And then life was fine, dandy. Everything was okay, until I got to about the age of 26, and I went to a movie called "Short Circuit." Oh, some of you have seen it. And apparently it's being remade right now and it's going to be coming out next year. It's the story of this experimental robot which got electrocuted and found a life. And as it ran, this thing was saying, "Give me input. Give me input."
Život je bio dobar, ugodan. Sve je bilo OK, dok nisam napunio 26 godina i odgledao film "Kratak spoj". Aha, neki od vas su ga gledali. Sada se snima rimejk i izaći će sledeće godine. To je priča o eksperimentalnom robotu koga je pogodio električni udar i oživeo ga. I dok je trčala, ova stvar je govorila: "Daj mi input. Daj mi input."
And I suddenly realized that for a robot both information as well as food were the same thing. Energy came to it in some form or shape, data came to it in some form or shape. And I began to think, I wonder what it would be like to start imagining myself as if energy and information were the two things I had as input -- as if food and information were similar in some form or shape.
I odjednom sam shvatio da su za robota i informacija i hrana bile ista stvar. Energija mu je dolazila u nekoj formi i obliku, podaci su mu dolazili u nekoj formi i obliku. I počeo sam da razmišljam, da se pitam kako bi bilo da počnem da zamišljam sebe kao da su energija i informacije dve stvari koje imam kao input - kao da su hrana i informacije slični u nekom obliku.
I started doing some research then, and this was the 25-year journey, and started finding out that actually human beings as primates have far smaller stomachs than should be the size for our body weight and far larger brains.
Onda sam počeo malo da istražujem i to je putovanje koje je trajalo 25 godina i počeo sam da otkrivam da, u stvari, ljudska bića kao primati imaju daleko manji želudac nego što bi trebalo da imaju za našu telesnu težinu i daleko veći mozak.
And as I went to research that even further, I got to a point where I discovered something called the expensive tissue hypothesis. That actually for a given body mass of a primate the metabolic rate was static. What changed was the balance of the tissues available. And two of the most expensive tissues in our human body are nervous tissue and digestive tissue. And what transpired was that people had put forward a hypothesis that was apparently coming up with some fabulous results by about 1995. It's a lady named Leslie Aiello.
I kako sam to istraživao još dalje stigao sam do tačke gde sam otkrio nešto što se zove hipoteza skupih tkiva. Da je u stvari, za datu telesnu masu primata, metabolizam bio statičan. Ono što se menjalo je odnos između raspoloživih tkiva. A dva najskuplja tkiva u našem telu su nervno tkivo i tkivo digestivnog trakta. I dogodilo se to da su ljudi izneli hipotezu koja je davala odlične rezultate do otprilike 1995. to je gospođa koja se zove Lesli Ajelo.
And the paper then suggested that you traded one for the other. If you wanted your brain for a particular body mass to be large, you had to live with a smaller gut.
Rad je sugerisao da se zamenjuje jedno za drugo. Ako želite da vaš mozak za određenu telesnu težinu bude veći, morate živeti sa manjim stomakom.
That then set me off completely to say, Okay, these two are connected. So I looked at the cultivation of information as if it were food and said, So we were hunter-gathers of information. We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.
To me je zaista pokrenulo da kažem "U redu, ove dve stvari su povezane". Zato sam razmotrio uzgajanje informacija kao da su hrana i rekao sam: "Bili smo lovci-sakupljači informacija." Napredovali smo do toga da smo postali farmeri i uzgajivači informacija.
Does that really explain what we're seeing with the intellectual property battles nowadays? Because those people who were hunter-gatherers in origin wanted to be free and roam and pick up information as they wanted, and those that were in the business of farming information wanted to build fences around it, create ownership and wealth and structure and settlement. So there was always going to be a tension within that. And everything I saw in the cultivation said there were huge fights amongst the foodies between the cultivators and the hunter-gatherers. And this is happening here.
Da li to zaista objašnjava ono što vidimo u današnjim borbama oko intelektualnog vlasništva? Zato što su ti ljudi koji su izvorno bili lovci-sakupljači hteli da budu slobodni i lutaju i skupljaju informacije kako žele, a oni koji su se bavili poslom uzgajanja informacija hteli su da sagrade ograde oko njih, stvore vlasništvo, bogatstvo, strukturu i naselja. Oduvek je trebalo da postoji tenzija unutar toga. I sve što sam video unutar kultivacije govorilo je da je bilo velikih borbi među ljubiteljima hrane, između uzgajivača i lovaca-sakupljača. I to se događa ovde.
When I moved to preparation, this same thing was true, expect that there were two schools. One group of people said you can distill your information, you can extract value, separate it and serve it up, while another group turned around and said no, no you can ferment it. You bring it all together and mash it up and the value emerges that way. The same is again true with information.
Kada sam prešao na pripremu ova ista stvar je važila osim što su tu postojale dve škole. Jedna grupa ljudi je tvrdila da se informacije mogu destilovati, vrednost se može ekstrahovati, izdvojiti i poslužiti, dok je druga grupa uzvratila i rekla: Ne, ne. Možete ih fermentisati. Spojte ih sve i izmešajte i vrednost se na taj način pojavljuje. Ista stvar opet važi za informacije.
But consumption was where it started getting really enjoyable. Because what I began to see then was there were so many different ways people would consume this. They'd buy it from the shop as raw ingredients. Do you cook it? Do you have it served to you? Do you go to a restaurant? The same is true every time as I started thinking about information.
Ali konzumiranje je ono gde je počelo da postaje stvarno zabavno. Jer ono što sam tada počeo da uviđam je to da postoji toliko mnogo različitih načina na koje bi ljudi ovo konzumirali. Kupili bi ih u prodavnici kao sirove sastojke. Da li ih kuvate? Da li vam ih poslužuju? Da li idete u restoran? Isto je važilo svaki put kada bih počeo da razmišljam o informacijama.
The analogies were getting crazy -- that information had sell-by dates, that people had misused information that wasn't dated properly and could really make an effect on the stock market, on corporate values, etc. And by this time I was hooked. And this is about 23 years into this process.
Analogije su počele da bivaju sve luđe - informacije imaju rokove za prodaju, ljudi su zloupotrebljavali informacije koje nisu nosile propisan datum i mogli su zaista da imaju uticaj na berzu, korporativne vrednosti itd. I do tog trenutka sam već bio navučen. Sada sam oko 23 godine u ovom procesu.
And I began to start thinking of myself as we start having mash-ups of fact and fiction, docu-dramas, mockumentaries, whatever you call it. Are we going to reach the stage where information has a percentage for fact associated with it? We start labeling information for the fact percentage? Are we going to start looking at what happens when your information source is turned off, as a famine?
I počeo sam da razmišljam o sebi kako smo počeli da mešamo činjenice i fikciju, doku-drame, pseudo-dokumentarce, kako god da ih zovete. Da li ćemo dostići nivo gde će informacija po definiciji sadržati određen procenat istine? Krenućemo da obeležavamo informacije prema procentu istine u njima? Da li ćemo početi da posmatramo ono što se događa kada je izvor informacija isključen, kao glad?
Which brings me to the final element of this. Clay Shirky once stated that there is no such animal as information overload, there is only filter failure. I put it to you that information, if viewed from the point of food, is never a production issue; you never speak of food overload. Fundamentally it's a consumption issue. And we have to start thinking about how we create diets within ourselves, exercise within ourselves, to have the faculties to be able to deal with information, to have the labeling to be able to do it responsibly. In fact, when I saw "Supersize Me," I starting thinking of saying, What would happen if an individual had 31 days nonstop Fox News? (Laughter) Would there be time to be able to work with it?
Što me dovodi do poslednjeg elementa. Klej Širki je jednom izjavio da ne postoji takva stvar kao što je pretrpanost informacijama, postoji samo neuspešno filtriranje. Predočio sam vam da informacija, ako je posmatrana iz ugla hrane, nikad nije problem proizvodnje; nikad se ne govori o pretrpanosti hranom. U osnovi to je problem konzumiranja. I moramo da počnemo da se pitamo kako da napravimo sopstvene dijete, sopstvene vežbe, da bismo stekli sposobnosti da se nosimo sa informacijama, da ih obeležavamo kako bismo radili to odgovorno. U stvari, kada sam odgledao "Super veliki ja", počeo sam da razmišljam o tome šta bi se dogodilo ako bi neko 31 dan neprekidno gledao Fox News? (Smeh) Da li bi imao vremena da to obradi?
So you start really understanding that you can have diseases, toxins, a need to balance your diet, and once you start looking, and from that point on, everything I have done in terms of the consumption of information, the production of information, the preparation of information, I've looked at from the viewpoint of food. It has probably not helped my waistline any because I like practicing on both sides.
Tako da počinjete zaista da shvatate da možete imati bolesti, toksine, potrebu da uravnotežite ishranu i čim počnete da posmatrate i od tog trenutka nadalje sve što sam uradio u vezi sa konzumacijom informacija, proizvodnjom informacija, pripremom informacija, sve sam posmatrao sa stanovišta hrane. To verovatno nije pomoglo mom obimu struka zato što volim da vežbam na obe strane.
But I'd like to leave you with just that question: If you began to think of all the information that you consume the way you think of food, what would you do differently?
Ali bih voleo da vas ostavim samo sa tim pitanjem: ako biste počeli da mislite o informacijama koje konzumirate na način na koji mislite o hrani, šta biste uradili drugačije?
Thank you very much for your time.
Hvala vam mnogo na vašem vremenu.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)