Well after many years working in trade and economics, four years ago, I found myself working on the front lines of human vulnerability. And I found myself in the places where people are fighting every day to survive and can't even obtain a meal. This red cup comes from Rwanda from a child named Fabian. And I carry this around as a symbol, really, of the challenge and also the hope. Because one cup of food a day changes Fabian's life completely. But what I'd like to talk about today is the fact that this morning, about a billion people on Earth -- or one out of every seven -- woke up and didn't even know how to fill this cup. One out of every seven people.
Nakon mnogo godina provedenih u trgovini i ekonomiji, pre četiri godine, zatekla sam se radeći na granicama ljudske ranjivosti. Našla sam se na mestima gde se ljudi svakog dana bore za opstanak, a ne zarade ni jedan obrok. Ova crvena šolja dolazi iz Ruande od deteta koje se zove Fabijan. Ovo nosim sa sobom kao simbol izazova ali takođe i nade. Zato što jedna šolja dnevno potpuno menja Fabijanov život. Ono o čemu želim da govorim danas je činjenica da se ovog jutra otprilike milijardu ljudi na Zemlji-- ili svaki sedmi čovek-- probudio i nije znao kako da napuni ovu šolju. Jedan na svakih sedam ljudi.
First, I'll ask you: Why should you care? Why should we care? For most people, if they think about hunger, they don't have to go far back on their own family history -- maybe in their own lives, or their parents' lives, or their grandparents' lives -- to remember an experience of hunger. I rarely find an audience where people can go back very far without that experience. Some are driven by compassion, feel it's perhaps one of the fundamental acts of humanity. As Gandhi said, "To a hungry man, a piece of bread is the face of God." Others worry about peace and security, stability in the world. We saw the food riots in 2008, after what I call the silent tsunami of hunger swept the globe when food prices doubled overnight. The destabilizing effects of hunger are known throughout human history. One of the most fundamental acts of civilization is to ensure people can get enough food.
Prvo, pitaću vas: "Zašto bi vas bilo briga? Zašto bi nas bilo briga?" Većina ljudi, kada pomisli na glad, ne mora da se vraća daleko u porodičnu istoriju-- možda u njihove živote, u živote njihovih roditelja ili njihovih baka i deka-- da bi se prisetili nekog iskustva sa glađu. Retko se susrećem sa publikom u kojoj ljudi moraju da se vrate jako daleko u prošlost da bi se prisetili toga. Neki su vođeni saosećanjem, osećaju da je to, možda, jedno od fundamentalnih dela čovečnosti. Kao što je Gandi rekao: "Za gladnog čoveka, parče hleba je lice Boga". Drugi brinu o miru, sigurnosti i stabilnosti u svetu. 2008. videli smo pobune zbog hrane, nakon što je ono što ja nazivam "tihim cunamijem gladi" preplavilo planetu, kada su se cene hrane udvostručile preko noći. Destabilišući efekti gladi poznati su kroz ljudsku istoriju. Jedan od osnovnih zadataka civilizacije je da osigura da ljudi imaju dovoljno hrane.
Others think about Malthusian nightmares. Will we be able to feed a population that will be nine billion in just a few decades? This is not a negotiable thing, hunger. People have to eat. There's going to be a lot of people. This is jobs and opportunity all the way up and down the value chain. But I actually came to this issue in a different way. This is a picture of me and my three children. In 1987, I was a new mother with my first child and was holding her and feeding her when an image very similar to this came on the television. And this was yet another famine in Ethiopia. One two years earlier had killed more than a million people. But it never struck me as it did that moment, because on that image was a woman trying to nurse her baby, and she had no milk to nurse. And the baby's cry really penetrated me, as a mother. And I thought, there's nothing more haunting than the cry of a child that cannot be returned with food -- the most fundamental expectation of every human being. And it was at that moment that I just was filled with the challenge and the outrage that actually we know how to fix this problem.
Drugi misle o Maltusovim noćnim morama. Hoćemo li biti u mogućnosti da hranimo populaciju koja će za samo nekoliko decenija dostići 9 milijardi? Glad nije stvar oko koje možemo pregovarati. Ljudi moraju da jedu. Biće mnogo ljudi. Ovo predstavlja poslove i mogućnosti u lancu vrednosti. Međutim, ja sam se sa ovim problemom susrela na drugačiji način. Ovo je fotografija mene i moje troje dece. 1987. rodila sam svoje prvo dete i postala majka. Držala sam je i hranila, kada je jedna slika, slična ovoj prikazana na televiziji. Ovo je bila jedna od mnogih gladi u Etiopiji. Dve godine pre toga, jedna je ubila više od milion ljudi. Međutim, to me nikada nije pogodilo kao u tom momentu, zato što je na slici bila žena koja pokušava da doji svoje dete, a nema mleka. Bebin plač je zaista prodreo u mene, kao majku. Pomislila sam, ništa ne može više da proganja od plača deteta na koji ne možete uzvratiti hranom -- što je najosnovnije očekivanje svakog ljudskog bića. Upravo u tom trenutku, bila sam ispunjena osećajem sramote i izazova zato što znamo kako da rešimo ovaj problem.
This isn't one of those rare diseases that we don't have the solution for. We know how to fix hunger. A hundred years ago, we didn't. We actually have the technology and systems. And I was just struck that this is out of place. At our time in history, these images are out of place. Well guess what? This is last week in northern Kenya. Yet again, the face of starvation at large scale with more than nine million people wondering if they can make it to the next day. In fact, what we know now is that every 10 seconds we lose a child to hunger. This is more than HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. And we know that the issue is not just production of food.
To nije jedna od onih retkih bolesti za koje nemamo leka. Znamo kako da iskorenimo glad. Do pre sto godina, nismo znali kako to da uradimo. Mi zaista imamo tehnologiju i sisteme. Bila sam pogođena ovom neprimerenom slikom. U našem dobu u istoriji, ove slike su neprikladne. Ali znate šta? Ovo je fotografisano prošle nedelje u Keniji. Opet vidimo lice izgladnelosti na velikoj skali, sa 9 miliona ljudi koji se pitaju da li će dočekati sledeći dan. Činjenica je da sada znamo da svakih deset sekundi zbog gladi izgubimo jedno dete. To je više nego HIV/SIDA, malarija i tuberkuloza zajedno. Takođe znamo da problem nije samo proizvodnja hrane.
One of my mentors in life was Norman Borlaug, my hero. But today I'm going to talk about access to food, because actually this year and last year and during the 2008 food crisis, there was enough food on Earth for everyone to have 2,700 kilocalories. So why is it that we have a billion people who can't find food? And I also want to talk about what I call our new burden of knowledge. In 2008, Lancet compiled all the research and put forward the compelling evidence that if a child in its first thousand days -- from conception to two years old -- does not have adequate nutrition, the damage is irreversible. Their brains and bodies will be stunted. And here you see a brain scan of two children -- one who had adequate nutrition, another, neglected and who was deeply malnourished. And we can see brain volumes up to 40 percent less in these children. And in this slide you see the neurons and the synapses of the brain don't form. And what we know now is this has huge impact on economies, which I'll talk about later. But also the earning potential of these children is cut in half in their lifetime due to the stunting that happens in early years.
Jedan od mojih životnih mentora bio je Norman Borlog, moj heroj. Ali danas ću da govorim o pristupu hrani, zato što je zapravo, tokom ove i prethodne godine i tokom krize sa hranom iz 2008. godine na Zemlji bilo dovoljno hrane da svako dobije 2.700 kilokalorija. Zašto onda imamo milijardu ljudi koji ne mogu da nađu hranu? Takođe, želim da govorim o onome što ja nazivam bremenom znanja. Tokom 2008. Lanset je sastavio brojne studije i pružio nam ubedljiv dokaz da ako dete u toku prvih hiljadu dana života-- od začeća do druge godine-- nema adekvatnu ishranu, šteta koja nastane se ne može popraviti. Njihovi mozgovi i tela će zakržljati. Ovde vidimo snimak mozga dva deteta od kojih je jedno imalo adekvatnu ishranu, a drugo je bilo nezbrinuto i duboko neuhranjeno. Možemo da vidimo da je volumen mozga i do 40 procenata manji kod ove dece. Na ovom slajdu se vidi da se neuroni i sinapse u mozgu ne formiraju. Ono što sada znamo jeste da ovo ima ogroman uticaj na ekonomiju, o čemu ćemo govoriti kasnije. Takođe je i potencijal za zaradu ove dece prepolovljen tokom njihovog života, što je uzrokovano zakržljalošću koja je nastala tokom ranih godina života.
So this burden of knowledge drives me. Because actually we know how to fix it very simply. And yet, in many places, a third of the children, by the time they're three already are facing a life of hardship due to this. I'd like to talk about some of the things I've seen on the front lines of hunger, some of the things I've learned in bringing my economic and trade knowledge and my experience in the private sector. I'd like to talk about where the gap of knowledge is.
Ovaj bremen znanja je ono što me pokreće. Mi zapravo znamo kako da ispravimo ovo na veoma jednostavan način. Pa ipak, u mnogim mestima, trećina dece se već u trećoj godini suočava sa životom punim poteškoća uzrokovanih ovime. Volela bih da govorim o nekim stvarima koje sam videla u oblastima pogođenim glađu, o stvarima koje sam naučila dok sam koristila svoja znanja o ekonomiji i trgovini i svoje iskustvo iz privatnog sektora. Volela bih da govorim o tome gde se nalazi jaz u znanju.
Well first, I'd like to talk about the oldest nutritional method on Earth, breastfeeding. You may be surprised to know that a child could be saved every 22 seconds if there was breastfeeding in the first six months of life. But in Niger, for example, less than seven percent of the children are breastfed for the first six months of life, exclusively. In Mauritania, less than three percent. This is something that can be transformed with knowledge. This message, this word, can come out that this is not an old-fashioned way of doing business; it's a brilliant way of saving your child's life. And so today we focus on not just passing out food, but making sure the mothers have enough enrichment, and teaching them about breastfeeding.
Prvo, želela bih da govorim o najstarijem načinu hranjenja na Zemlji, dojenju. Verovatno ćete se iznenaditi da znate da jedno dete može biti sačuvano svake 22 sekunde ako je dovoljno dojeno tokom prvih 6 meseci života. Ali u Nigeru, na primer, manje od 7 odsto dece je isključivo dojeno tokom prvih 6 meseci života. U Mauritaniji, manje od tri odsto. Ovo je nešto što možemo promeniti znanjem. Ova poruka, ova reč može pokazati ljudima da ovo nije staromodan način rada, već je to jedan sjajan način da sačuvamo živote dece. Tako se danas ne fokusiramo samo na raspodelu hrane, već se staramo i da majke imaju dovoljno bogatu ishranu i učimo ih o dojenju.
The second thing I'd like to talk about: If you were living in a remote village somewhere, your child was limp, and you were in a drought, or you were in floods, or you were in a situation where there wasn't adequate diversity of diet, what would you do? Do you think you could go to the store and get a choice of power bars, like we can, and pick the right one to match? Well I find parents out on the front lines very aware their children are going down for the count. And I go to those shops, if there are any, or out to the fields to see what they can get, and they cannot obtain the nutrition. Even if they know what they need to do, it's not available.
Druga stvar koju želim da vam kažem je: da živite u nekom zabačenom selu, da vam dete hramlje, da se suočavate sa sušom ili da ste u poplavljenom području, ili da ste u situaciji da sebi ne možete da obezbedite dovoljno raznoliku ishranu, šta biste onda uradili? Mislite li da biste mogli da odete do prodavnice gde imate izbor energetskih čokoladica, kao mi, i gde bi odabrali baš onu koja vam treba? U područjima pogođenim glađu nailazim na roditelje koji su svesni da njihova deca umiru. Onda odlazim u te prodavnice, ako ih uopšte ima, ili na polja da vidim šta mogu odatle da uzmu, a oni ne mogu sebi da obezbede prehranu. Čak iako znaju šta treba da urade, to nije dostupno.
And I'm very excited about this, because one thing we're working on is transforming the technologies that are very available in the food industry to be available for traditional crops. And this is made with chickpeas, dried milk and a host of vitamins, matched to exactly what the brain needs. It costs 17 cents for us to produce this as, what I call, food for humanity. We did this with food technologists in India and Pakistan -- really about three of them. But this is transforming 99 percent of the kids who get this. One package, 17 cents a day -- their malnutrition is overcome. So I am convinced that if we can unlock the technologies that are commonplace in the richer world to be able to transform foods. And this is climate-proof. It doesn't need to be refrigerated, it doesn't need water, which is often lacking. And these types of technologies, I see, have the potential to transform the face of hunger and nutrition, malnutrition out on the front lines.
Ovo je nešto zbog čega sam jako uzbuđena, zato što stvar na kojoj sada radimo predstavlja preobražaj tehnologija koju su lako dostupne u industriji hrane tako da su primenljive i na tradicionalno uzgajane useve. Ovo je napravljeno sa graškom, mlekom u prahu i mnoštvom vitamina, u onoj proporciji koja je neophodna mozgu. Potrebno je 17 centi da bi se proizvelo ovo što ja nazivam hranom za čovečanstvo. Ovo smo uradili sa tehnologijama ishrane u Indiji i Pakistanu -- zapravo oko tri njih. Ovo menja 99 odsto dece koja mogu da ga dobiju. Jedna kesica, 17 centi dnevno-- i njihova pothranjenost je otklonjena. Ubeđena sam da ćemo moći da transformišemo hranu ako učinimo dostupnijim tehnologije koje su svakodnevica u zapadnom svetu. Ovo je otporno na vremenske uslove. Ne treba da se čuva u frižideru, ne treba mu ni voda, koje često nema. Vidim da ovaj tip tehnologija ima potencijal da promeni stanje sa glađu i pothranjenošću u najgore pogođenim oblastima.
The next thing I want to talk about is school feeding. Eighty percent of the people in the world have no food safety net. When disaster strikes -- the economy gets blown, people lose a job, floods, war, conflict, bad governance, all of those things -- there is nothing to fall back on. And usually the institutions -- churches, temples, other things -- do not have the resources to provide a safety net. What we have found working with the World Bank is that the poor man's safety net, the best investment, is school feeding. And if you fill the cup with local agriculture from small farmers, you have a transformative effect. Many kids in the world can't go to school because they have to go beg and find a meal. But when that food is there, it's transformative. It costs less than 25 cents a day to change a kid's life.
Sledeće o čemu želim da govorim je ishrana u školama. Osamdeset odsto ljudi na svetu nema mreže bezbedne hrane. Kada ih zadesi katastrofa-- kao urušavanje ekonomije, gubitak posla, poplave, rat, konflikti, loša vladavina, sve te stvari-- oni nemaju na šta da se oslone. Često institucije -- crkve, hramovi i druge-- nemaju sredstava da formiraju bezbednu mrežu. Ono što smo otkrili radeći sa Svetskom bankom jeste da je ishrana u školama najbolja investicija za siromašne ljude. Ako napunite ovu šolju lokalnim usevima sa malih farmi, dobićete efekat transformacije. Mnoga deca ne mogu da idu u školu zato što moraju da prose i nalaze hranu. Ali kada je hrana tu, ona je menja stvari. Košta manje od 25 centi dnevno da detetu promenimo život.
But what is most amazing is the effect on girls. In countries where girls don't go to school and you offer a meal to girls in school, we see enrollment rates about 50 percent girls and boys. We see a transformation in attendance by girls. And there was no argument, because it's incentive. Families need the help. And we find that if we keep girls in school later, they'll stay in school until they're 16, and won't get married if there's food in school. Or if they get an extra ration of food at the end of the week -- it costs about 50 cents -- will keep a girl in school, and they'll give birth to a healthier child, because the malnutrition is sent generation to generation.
Najneverovatniji je efekat koji ovo ima na devojčice. U zemljama gde devojčice ne idu u školu kada im ponudite obrok u školi, stopa upisa je 50 odsto devojaka i momaka. Vidimo transformaciju prisutnosti devojaka. Tu nije bilo rasprave, to je podsticaj. Porodicama je neophodna pomoć. Otkrili smo i da ako duže zadržimo devojke u školi, one ostaju tu do svoje 16. godine i ne udaju se ako u školi imaju hranu. Ako dobiju dodatnu porciju hrane na kraju nedelje-- što košta oko 50 centi -- zadržaćemo devojku u školi, ona će roditi zdravije dete, zato što je pothranjenost poslata sa jedne generacije na drugu.
We know that there's boom and bust cycles of hunger. We know this. Right now on the Horn of Africa, we've been through this before. So is this a hopeless cause? Absolutely not. I'd like to talk about what I call our warehouses for hope. Cameroon, northern Cameroon, boom and bust cycles of hunger every year for decades. Food aid coming in every year when people are starving during the lean seasons. Well two years ago, we decided, let's transform the model of fighting hunger, and instead of giving out the food aid, we put it into food banks. And we said, listen, during the lean season, take the food out. You manage, the village manages these warehouses. And during harvest, put it back with interest, food interest. So add in five percent, 10 percent more food. For the past two years, 500 of these villages where these are have not needed any food aid -- they're self-sufficient. And the food banks are growing. And they're starting school feeding programs for their children by the people in the village. But they've never had the ability to build even the basic infrastructure or the resources. I love this idea that came from the village level: three keys to unlock that warehouse. Food is gold there. And simple ideas can transform the face, not of small areas, of big areas of the world.
Znamo da tamo glad ima uspone i padove. Mi znamo to. Upravo sada, na Rogu Afrike, a već smo prošli kroz ovo. Dakle, da li je ovaj program beznadežan? Naravno da nije. Volela bih da pričam o, kako ih ja nazivam, "magacinima nade". Kamerun, severni Kamerun, u kome svake godine već decenijama postoje naizmenični ciklusi uspona i pada gladovanja. Pomoć u vidu hrane dostavlja se svake godine kada ljudi gladuju tokom sušnih sezona. Pre dve godine smo odlučili da ćemo promeniti način na koji se borimo protiv gladi i, umesto da dajemo pomoć u hrani, stavljaćemo je u banke hrane. I rekli smo, slušajte, tokom sušne sezone, izvadite hranu. Vi održavate, sela održavaju ove magacine. Tokom žetve, vratite je, sa kamatom, kamatom u hrani. Dodajte 5 odsto, 10 odsto više hrane. Tokom poslednje dve godine, 500 ovih sela u kojima se nalaze magacini, nisu trebovala pomoć u vidu hrane - sada su samodovoljni. Banke hrane rastu. Ljudi iz ovih sela započinju programe ishrane u školama za svoju decu. Međutim, oni nikada nisu imali mogućnosti, a ni sredstva, da sami izgrade čak i osnovnu infrastrukturu. Dopada mi se ova ideja koja je potekla iz jednog sela: neophodna su tri ključa da se otvori ovo skladište. Hrana je tamo zlato. Jednostavne ideje mogu da promene izgled ne malih oblasti, već velikih oblasti ovog sveta.
I'd like to talk about what I call digital food. Technology is transforming the face of food vulnerability in places where you see classic famine. Amartya Sen won his Nobel Prize for saying, "Guess what, famines happen in the presence of food because people have no ability to buy it." We certainly saw that in 2008. We're seeing that now in the Horn of Africa where food prices are up 240 percent in some areas over last year. Food can be there and people can't buy it.
Volela bih da govorim o nečemu što nazivam digitalnom hranom. Tehnologija transformiše osetljivost na nedostatak hrane u mestima u kojima se susrećemo sa klasičnom glađu. Amartia Sen dobio je Nobelovu nagradu zato što je rekao: "Znate šta? Glad se odvija u prisustvu hrane, zato što ljudi nemaju mogućnosti da je kupe". Zasigurno smo to videli 2008. To vidimo i sada, na Rogu Afrike, gde su cene hrane porasle i do 240 odsto u nekim oblastima, tokom poslednje godine. Hrana može biti tamo, ali ljudi ne mogu da je kupe.
Well this picture -- I was in Hebron in a small shop, this shop, where instead of bringing in food, we provide digital food, a card. It says "bon appetit" in Arabic. And the women can go in and swipe and get nine food items. They have to be nutritious, and they have to be locally produced. And what's happened in the past year alone is the dairy industry -- where this card's used for milk and yogurt and eggs and hummus -- the dairy industry has gone up 30 percent. The shopkeepers are hiring more people. It is a win-win-win situation that starts the food economy moving. We now deliver food in over 30 countries over cell phones, transforming even the presence of refugees in countries, and other ways.
Na ovoj slici - bila sam u Hebronu, u maloj radnji, ovoj radnji, gde umesto da donosimo hranu, obezbeđujemo digitalnu hranu, karticu. Na njoj piše "prijatno" na arapskom. Žene mogu da odu tamo, provuku karticu i dobiju devet artikala. Oni moraju biti hranljivi i moraju biti lokalno proizvedeni. Ono što se desilo samo u toku poslednje godine u industriji mlečnih proizvoda -- gde se ova kartica koristi za mleko i jogurt, jaja i humus -- ova industrija porasla je za oko 30 odsto. Vlasnici radnji unajmljuju još ljudi. Ovo je situacija u kojoj svi dobijaju i koja pokreće ekonomiju hrane. Danas hranu dostavljamo u preko 30 zemalja preko mobilnih telefona, menjajući samo prisustvo izbeglica u ovim zemljama, ali i na druge načine.
Perhaps most exciting to me is an idea that Bill Gates, Howard Buffett and others have supported boldly, which is to ask the question: What if, instead of looking at the hungry as victims -- and most of them are small farmers who cannot raise enough food or sell food to even support their own families -- what if we view them as the solution, as the value chain to fight hunger? What if from the women in Africa who cannot sell any food -- there's no roads, there's no warehouses, there's not even a tarp to pick the food up with -- what if we give the enabling environment for them to provide the food to feed the hungry children elsewhere? And Purchasing for Progress today is in 21 countries. And guess what? In virtually every case, when poor farmers are given a guaranteed market -- if you say, "We will buy 300 metric tons of this. We'll pick it up. We'll make sure it's stored properly." -- their yields have gone up two-, three-, fourfold and they figure it out, because it's the first guaranteed opportunity they've had in their life. And we're seeing people transform their lives. Today, food aid, our food aid -- huge engine -- 80 percent of it is bought in the developing world. Total transformation that can actually transform the very lives that need the food.
Ono što je za mene najuzbudljivije jeste ideja koju su Bil Gejts, Hauard Bafet i drugi čvrsto podržali, a koja kaže da se zapitamo sledeće pitanje: Šta ako, umesto da gledamo na gladne kao na žrtve -- a većina njih su vlasnici malih farmi koji ne mogu da uzgoje, a ni prodaju dovoljno hrane da prehrane čak ni svoje porodice -- šta ako na njih gledamo kao na rešenje, kao kariku u lancu borbe protiv gladi? Šta ako od žena u Africi, koje ne mogu da prodaju hranu -- nema puteva, nema skladišta, nema čak ni materijala kojim bi sakupljale hranu -- šta ako im damo okruženje koje će im omogućiti da proizvedu hranu da nahrane gladne negde drugde? Program "kupovina za napredak" danas je prisutan u 21. zemlji. I pogodite šta? U gotovo svakom slučaju, kada siromašnim farmerima garantujete tržište -- ako im kažete, "Kupićemo 300 tona ovoga. Mi ćemo to ubrati. Mi ćemo se postarati da je pravilno uskladišteno."-- njihovi prinosi porastu dva, tri, četiri puta i oni shvataju da je to prva garantovana prilika koju su imali u životu. Videli smo ljude kako menjaju svoj život. Danas, pomoć u vidu hrane, naša pomoć -- jedna ogromna mašina -- 80 odsto svega toga je kupljeno u zemljama u razvoju. Potpuna transformacija koja može promeniti živote onih koji trebaju hranu.
Now you'd ask, can this be done at scale? These are great ideas, village-level ideas. Well I'd like to talk about Brazil, because I've taken a journey to Brazil over the past couple of years, when I read that Brazil was defeating hunger faster than any nation on Earth right now. And what I've found is, rather than investing their money in food subsidies and other things, they invested in a school feeding program. And they require that a third of that food come from the smallest farmers who would have no opportunity. And they're doing this at huge scale after President Lula declared his goal of ensuring everyone had three meals a day. And this zero hunger program costs .5 percent of GDP and has lifted many millions of people out of hunger and poverty. It is transforming the face of hunger in Brazil, and it's at scale, and it's creating opportunities. I've gone out there; I've met with the small farmers who have built their livelihoods on the opportunity and platform provided by this.
Verovatno se pitate može li se ovo sprovesti u velikoj razmeri? Postoje sjajne ideje koje su potekle iz sela. Volela bih da govorim o Brazilu, gde sam otputovala pre par godina, kada sam pročitala da se Brazil sada pobeđuje glad brže nego ijedna druga nacija na planeti. Ono što sam otkrila je da umesto da daju subvencije u hrani i drugim stvarima, oni investiraju u program ishrane u školama. Oni zahtevaju da trećinu te hrane proizvode najmanje farme koje u suprotnom ne bi imale prilike. Oni ovo rade u ogromnim razmerama, nakon što je predsednik Lula objavio da je njegov cilj da osigura da svako dobije tri obroka dnevno. Ovaj program okončavanja gladi košta svega 0.5 odsto bruto domaćeg proizvoda i uzvukao je nekoliko miliona ljudi iz gladi i siromaštva. Transformiše lice gladi u Brazilu na velikoj skali i stvara nove mogućnosti. Bila sam tamo, sastala se sa vlasnicima malih farmi koji su ceo svoj život izgradili na mogućnostima i na temelju koje im je ovaj program obezbedio.
Now if we look at the economic imperative here, this isn't just about compassion. The fact is studies show that the cost of malnutrition and hunger -- the cost to society, the burden it has to bear -- is on average six percent, and in some countries up to 11 percent, of GDP a year. And if you look at the 36 countries with the highest burden of malnutrition, that's 260 billion lost from a productive economy every year. Well, the World Bank estimates it would take about 10 billion dollars -- 10.3 -- to address malnutrition in those countries. You look at the cost-benefit analysis, and my dream is to take this issue, not just from the compassion argument, but to the finance ministers of the world, and say we cannot afford to not invest in the access to adequate, affordable nutrition for all of humanity.
Ako obratimo pažnju na ekonomsku dimenziju ovoga, vidimo da ovde nije reč o saosećanju. Činjenica je da su studije pokazale da cena pothranjenosti i gladi, košta društvo i stvara teret koji ono mora da nosi -- u proseku 6 odsto, a u nekim zemljama i 11 odsto bruto domaćeg proizvoda. Ako pogledate na 36 zemalja sa najvećim teretom pothranjenosti, tu vidimo gubitak od 260 milijardi u ekonomiji proizvodnje svake godine. Svetska banka procenjuje da je neophodno oko 10 milijardi dolara -- zapravo 10.3 milijarde-- da se suočimo sa pothranjenošću u ovim zemljama. Vi gledate u analize isplativosti, a moj je san da uzmem ovaj problem, ne samo zbog saosećanja, već da bih ga odnela ministrima finansija celog sveta i rekla da ne možemo priuštiti da ne ulažemo u pristup adekvatnoj, pristupačnoj ishrani za celo čovečanstvo.
The amazing thing I've found is nothing can change on a big scale without the determination of a leader. When a leader says, "Not under my watch," everything begins to change. And the world can come in with enabling environments and opportunities to do this. And the fact that France has put food at the center of the G20 is really important. Because food is one issue that cannot be solved person by person, nation by nation. We have to stand together. And we're seeing nations in Africa. WFP's been able to leave 30 nations because they have transformed the face of hunger in their nations.
Ono što sam otkrila jeste da se ništa ne može promeniti na velikoj skali bez odlučnosti lidera. Kada lider kaže: "Ne pod mojim nadzorom", sve se menja. I ceo svet može da uđe sa podsticajnim okruženjima i mogućnostima da radi na ovome. Činjenica da je Francuska stavila hranu u centar G20 samita je veoma važna, zbog toga što je problem hrane jedan od onih koji osobe, a ni nacije ne mogu da reše same. Moramo biti ujedinjeni. Vidimo afričke nacije. Svetski program za hranu je mogao da napusti 30 nacija zato što su one promenile glad u svojim zemljama.
What I would like to offer here is a challenge. I believe we're living at a time in human history where it's just simply unacceptable that children wake up and don't know where to find a cup of food. Not only that, transforming hunger is an opportunity, but I think we have to change our mindsets. I am so honored to be here with some of the world's top innovators and thinkers. And I would like you to join with all of humanity to draw a line in the sand and say, "No more. No more are we going to accept this." And we want to tell our grandchildren that there was a terrible time in history where up to a third of the children had brains and bodies that were stunted, but that exists no more.
Ono što bih ovde ponudila je izazov. Mislim da živimo u onom trenutku u ljudskoj istoriji gde je jednostavno neprihvatljivo da se deca probude i ne znaju gde da nađu šolju hrane. Ne samo to, promena gladi je jedna prilika, ali mislim da prvo treba da promenimo naše viđenje problema. Čast mi je što sam ovde sa nekima od najboljih svetskih inovatora i mislioca. Želela bih da se pridružite ostatku čovečanstva, da povučemo liniju u pesku i kažemo: "Ne više. Ovo više nećemo da prihvatimo". Želimo da našim unucima pričamo o strašnom vremenu u istoriji kada je i do trećina dece imala zakržljale mozgove i tela, ali koje više ne postoji.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)