Well after many years working in trade and economics, four years ago, I found myself working on the front lines of human vulnerability. And I found myself in the places where people are fighting every day to survive and can't even obtain a meal. This red cup comes from Rwanda from a child named Fabian. And I carry this around as a symbol, really, of the challenge and also the hope. Because one cup of food a day changes Fabian's life completely. But what I'd like to talk about today is the fact that this morning, about a billion people on Earth -- or one out of every seven -- woke up and didn't even know how to fill this cup. One out of every seven people.
Nakon mnogo godina bavljenja trgovinom i ekonomijom, prije četiri godine našla sam se u situaciji da radim na prvim linijama ljudske ranjivosti. Našla sam se na mjestima na kojima se ljudi svakodnevno bore da bi preživjeli te ne mogu dobiti čak ni obrok. Ova crvena šalica je iz Ruande od dječaka po imenu Fabian. Nosim je naokolo kao simbol, uistinu, izazova kao i nade. Jer jedna šalica hrane dnevno u potpunosti mijenja Fabianov život. No ono o čemu danas želim govoriti je činjenica da se jutros oko milijardu ljudi na Zemlji -- ili svaka sedma osoba -- probudila, a nije ni znala kako napuniti ovu šalicu. Svaka sedma osoba.
First, I'll ask you: Why should you care? Why should we care? For most people, if they think about hunger, they don't have to go far back on their own family history -- maybe in their own lives, or their parents' lives, or their grandparents' lives -- to remember an experience of hunger. I rarely find an audience where people can go back very far without that experience. Some are driven by compassion, feel it's perhaps one of the fundamental acts of humanity. As Gandhi said, "To a hungry man, a piece of bread is the face of God." Others worry about peace and security, stability in the world. We saw the food riots in 2008, after what I call the silent tsunami of hunger swept the globe when food prices doubled overnight. The destabilizing effects of hunger are known throughout human history. One of the most fundamental acts of civilization is to ensure people can get enough food.
Prvo, pitat ću vas zašto bi vam trebalo biti stalo? Zašto bi nam trebalo biti stalo? Za većinu, ako razmišljaju o gladi ne moraju otići daleko u vlastitoj obiteljskoj povijesti -- možda u svoje živote, živote roditelja ili svojih djedova -- da bi se prisjetili iskustva gladi. Rijetko nađem publiku u kojoj se ljudi mogu vratiti daleko u prošlost bez tog iskustva. Neke vodi sažaljenje, osjećaju da je to jedan od temeljnih djela čovječanstva. Kao što je Gandhi rekao: "Gladnome je čovjeku komad kruha lice božje". Ostali se brinu o miru i sigurnosti, stabilnosti u svijetu. Svjedočili smo neredima zbog hrane 2008. nakon što je tihi tsunami gladi, kako ga ja zovem, poharao svijet nakon udvostručenja cijena hrane preko noći. Destabilizirajuće posljedice gladi poznate su u cijeloj ljudskoj povijesti. Jedno od najtemeljnijih djela civilizacije osigurati je da ljudi imaju dovoljno hrane.
Others think about Malthusian nightmares. Will we be able to feed a population that will be nine billion in just a few decades? This is not a negotiable thing, hunger. People have to eat. There's going to be a lot of people. This is jobs and opportunity all the way up and down the value chain. But I actually came to this issue in a different way. This is a picture of me and my three children. In 1987, I was a new mother with my first child and was holding her and feeding her when an image very similar to this came on the television. And this was yet another famine in Ethiopia. One two years earlier had killed more than a million people. But it never struck me as it did that moment, because on that image was a woman trying to nurse her baby, and she had no milk to nurse. And the baby's cry really penetrated me, as a mother. And I thought, there's nothing more haunting than the cry of a child that cannot be returned with food -- the most fundamental expectation of every human being. And it was at that moment that I just was filled with the challenge and the outrage that actually we know how to fix this problem.
Ostali razmišljaju o maltuzijanskim noćnim morama. Hoćemo li moći prehraniti stanovništvo koje će dosegnuti devet milijardi za nekoliko desetljeća? Glad nije nešto o čemu možemo pregovarati. Ljudi moraju jesti. Ljudi će biti mnogo. To znači pomicanje poslova i prilika gore i dolje na lancu vrijednosti. No do ovoga sam problema došla na drugi način. Ovo je fotografija mene i mojih troje djece. 1987. bila sam mlada majka s prvim djetetom držala sam ju i hranila kada se vrlo slična slika pojavila na televiziji. Radilo se o još jednoj pošasti gladi u Etiopiji. Takva pošast dvije godine ranije usmrtila je više od milijun ljudi. No to me nikad nije pogodilo kao u tom trenutku jer je na toj slici bila žena koja je pokušavala dojiti dijete, ali nije imala mlijeka za dojenje. Plač tog djeteta duboko me pogodio kao majku. Pomislila sam, ne postoji ništa bolnije od plača djeteta na koji je nemoguće odgovoriti hranom -- najtemeljnijom potrebom svakog ljudskog bića. Upravo u tom trenutku bila sam puna izazova i bijesa jer zapravo znamo kako popraviti ovaj problem.
This isn't one of those rare diseases that we don't have the solution for. We know how to fix hunger. A hundred years ago, we didn't. We actually have the technology and systems. And I was just struck that this is out of place. At our time in history, these images are out of place. Well guess what? This is last week in northern Kenya. Yet again, the face of starvation at large scale with more than nine million people wondering if they can make it to the next day. In fact, what we know now is that every 10 seconds we lose a child to hunger. This is more than HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. And we know that the issue is not just production of food.
Ne radi se o nekoj rijetkoj bolesti za koju nema lijeka. Znamo kako popraviti glad. Prije 100 godina nismo znali. Sada imamo potrebnu tehnologiju i načine. Bila sam pogođena da je to neprimjereno. U naše doba, te su slike neprimjerene. Znate što? Ovo je prošli tjedan u Sjevernoj Keniji. Još jednom, stanje izgladnjelosti u velikoj mjeri s više od devet milijuna ljudi koji se pitaju hoće li doživjeti sljedeći dan. Zapravo, danas znamo da svakih 10 sekundi izgubimo jedno dijete zbog gladi, što je više nego od HIV-a/AIDS-a, malarije i tuberkuloze zajedno. A znamo i da problem nije samo proizvodnja hrane.
One of my mentors in life was Norman Borlaug, my hero. But today I'm going to talk about access to food, because actually this year and last year and during the 2008 food crisis, there was enough food on Earth for everyone to have 2,700 kilocalories. So why is it that we have a billion people who can't find food? And I also want to talk about what I call our new burden of knowledge. In 2008, Lancet compiled all the research and put forward the compelling evidence that if a child in its first thousand days -- from conception to two years old -- does not have adequate nutrition, the damage is irreversible. Their brains and bodies will be stunted. And here you see a brain scan of two children -- one who had adequate nutrition, another, neglected and who was deeply malnourished. And we can see brain volumes up to 40 percent less in these children. And in this slide you see the neurons and the synapses of the brain don't form. And what we know now is this has huge impact on economies, which I'll talk about later. But also the earning potential of these children is cut in half in their lifetime due to the stunting that happens in early years.
Jedan od mojih mentora bio je Norman Borlaug, moj junak. No danas ću govoriti o pristupu hrani jer ove i prošle godine te tijekom krize zbog manjka hrane 2008., na Zemlji je bilo dovoljno hrane da bi svatko imao 2.700 kilokalorija. Zašto onda imamo milijardu ljudi koji ne mogu pronaći hranu? Također želim govoriti o onome što zovem novim teretom znanja. 2008. Lancet je sakupio sva istraživanja i iznio neoboriv dokaz da ako dijete u svojih prvih tisuću dana -- od začeća do dvije godine starosti -- ne dobiva primjerenu ishranu, šteta je nepovratna. Njihovi će mozgovi i tijela zakržljati. Ovdje vidite snimku mozga dvoje djece -- jednoga koje je dobivalo prikladnu ishranu, a drugo zapostavljeno te ozbiljno pothranjeno. Vidimo da su obujmi mozga do 40 posto manji kod takve djece. Na ovom slajdu vidite da neuroni i sinapse u mozgu ne nastaju. Danas znamo da to ima golemi utjecaj na gospodarstva, o čemu ću govoriti kasnije. No također potencijal zarade ove djece u životu upola je manji zbog sprečavanja razvoja u ranoj dobi.
So this burden of knowledge drives me. Because actually we know how to fix it very simply. And yet, in many places, a third of the children, by the time they're three already are facing a life of hardship due to this. I'd like to talk about some of the things I've seen on the front lines of hunger, some of the things I've learned in bringing my economic and trade knowledge and my experience in the private sector. I'd like to talk about where the gap of knowledge is.
Taj me teret znanja stoga pokreće. Jer mi zapravo znamo kako to ispraviti veoma lako. A ipak, na mnogim mjestima trećina djece prije nego navrše tri godine već se suočavaju sa životom punim bijede zbog toga. Želim govoriti o nekim stvarima koje sam vidjela o gladi iz prve ruke nekim stvarima koje sam naučila prenoseći znanje s područja ekonomije i trgovine te svoje iskustvo u privatni sektor. Željela bih govoriti o tome gdje se nalazi rupa u znanju.
Well first, I'd like to talk about the oldest nutritional method on Earth, breastfeeding. You may be surprised to know that a child could be saved every 22 seconds if there was breastfeeding in the first six months of life. But in Niger, for example, less than seven percent of the children are breastfed for the first six months of life, exclusively. In Mauritania, less than three percent. This is something that can be transformed with knowledge. This message, this word, can come out that this is not an old-fashioned way of doing business; it's a brilliant way of saving your child's life. And so today we focus on not just passing out food, but making sure the mothers have enough enrichment, and teaching them about breastfeeding.
Prvo bih željela govoriti o najstarijoj metodi ishrane na svijetu, dojenju. Možda ćete se iznenaditi kad čujete da bi se svake 22 sekunde moglo spasiti jedno dijete da je bilo dojeno u prvih šest mjeseci života. No u Nigeru, na primjer, manje od sedam posto djece dojeno je u prvih šest mjeseci života, bez druge hrane. U Mauretaniji, manje od tri posto. Radi se o nečemu što je moguće promijeniti znanjem. Ova poruka, ova riječ, može se pročuti da se ne radi o staromodnoj metodi ishrane; već izvanrednom načinu spašavanja života vašeg djeteta. Danas se ne usredotočujemo samo na dijeljenje hrane, već se brinemo da majke obogate svoju prehranu i učimo ih o dojenju.
The second thing I'd like to talk about: If you were living in a remote village somewhere, your child was limp, and you were in a drought, or you were in floods, or you were in a situation where there wasn't adequate diversity of diet, what would you do? Do you think you could go to the store and get a choice of power bars, like we can, and pick the right one to match? Well I find parents out on the front lines very aware their children are going down for the count. And I go to those shops, if there are any, or out to the fields to see what they can get, and they cannot obtain the nutrition. Even if they know what they need to do, it's not available.
Druga stvar o kojoj želim govoriti: da živite u nekom zabačenom selu, dijete vam je šepavo, i zatekla vas je suša ili poplava ili da ste u situaciji da se ne hranite dovoljno raznoliko, što biste učinili? Mislite da biste mogli otići do trgovine gdje se pruža izbor energetskih pločica, kao mi, i odabrati onu koja vam odgovara? Tamo na prvim linijama pronalazim roditelje svjesne da njihova djeca posustaju. I odlazim u trgovine, ako uopće postoje, ili na polja da vidim što mogu dobiti, no oni ne mogu dobiti hranu. Čak i ako znaju što trebaju učiniti, to im nije dostupno.
And I'm very excited about this, because one thing we're working on is transforming the technologies that are very available in the food industry to be available for traditional crops. And this is made with chickpeas, dried milk and a host of vitamins, matched to exactly what the brain needs. It costs 17 cents for us to produce this as, what I call, food for humanity. We did this with food technologists in India and Pakistan -- really about three of them. But this is transforming 99 percent of the kids who get this. One package, 17 cents a day -- their malnutrition is overcome. So I am convinced that if we can unlock the technologies that are commonplace in the richer world to be able to transform foods. And this is climate-proof. It doesn't need to be refrigerated, it doesn't need water, which is often lacking. And these types of technologies, I see, have the potential to transform the face of hunger and nutrition, malnutrition out on the front lines.
Veoma sam uzbuđena zbog toga jer jedna od stvari na kojima radimo je pretvaranje tehnologija koje su veoma dostupne u prehrambenoj industriji da bi bile dostupne za klasične usjeve. Ovo se radi sa slanutkom, mlijekom u prahu i mnoštvom vitamina, u točno onolikom omjeru koliki je potreban mozgu. Nas stoji samo 17 centi da bismo proizveli kako je ja zovem, hranu za čovječanstvo. Osmislili smo to s prehrambenim tehnolozima u Indiji i Pakistanu -- s oko troje njih. No to mijenja 99 posto djece koja je dobiju. Jedan paket, 17 centi dnevno -- i njihova pothranjenost je pobijeđena. Stoga sam uvjerena da ako učinimo dostupnima tehnologije uobičajene u imućnijem svijetu da ćemo uspjeti promijeniti prehranu. Ovo je otporno na razne klimatske uvjete. Ne mora biti u hladnjaku, ne treba vodu, koje često nema dovoljno. Ove vrste tehnologije, vidim da imaju potencijal da promijene stanje gladi i pothranjenosti na prvim linijama.
The next thing I want to talk about is school feeding. Eighty percent of the people in the world have no food safety net. When disaster strikes -- the economy gets blown, people lose a job, floods, war, conflict, bad governance, all of those things -- there is nothing to fall back on. And usually the institutions -- churches, temples, other things -- do not have the resources to provide a safety net. What we have found working with the World Bank is that the poor man's safety net, the best investment, is school feeding. And if you fill the cup with local agriculture from small farmers, you have a transformative effect. Many kids in the world can't go to school because they have to go beg and find a meal. But when that food is there, it's transformative. It costs less than 25 cents a day to change a kid's life.
Sljedeća stvar o kojoj želim govoriti je školska prehrana. 80 posto ljudi na svijetu nema mrežu sigurnosti hrane. Kada se dogodi katastrofa -- gospodarstvo je uništeno, ljudi izgube posao, poplave, ratovi, sukobi, loše upravljanje, sve te stvari -- nema ničega čemu se možemo vratiti. Obično institucije -- crkve, hramovi, ostalo -- nemaju resurse da bi osigurali mrežu socijalne zaštite. Ono što smo saznali surađujući sa Svjetskom bankom je da je mreža zaštite siromašnih odnosno najbolja investicija, školska prehrana. Ako napunite šalicu lokalnim proizvodima malih poljoprivrednika dobit ćete posljedice koje sve mijenjaju. Na svijetu brojna djeca ne mogu ići u školu jer moraju prositi i pronalaziti hranu. No kada imaju hranu, radi se o preobrazbi. Potrebno je manje od 25 centi dnevno za promjenu života jednog djeteta.
But what is most amazing is the effect on girls. In countries where girls don't go to school and you offer a meal to girls in school, we see enrollment rates about 50 percent girls and boys. We see a transformation in attendance by girls. And there was no argument, because it's incentive. Families need the help. And we find that if we keep girls in school later, they'll stay in school until they're 16, and won't get married if there's food in school. Or if they get an extra ration of food at the end of the week -- it costs about 50 cents -- will keep a girl in school, and they'll give birth to a healthier child, because the malnutrition is sent generation to generation.
No najviše zadivljuje utjecaj na djevojčice. U zemljama u kojima djevojke ne idu u školu a u školama se djevojkama nude obroci, vidimo da stope upisa iznose oko 50 posto djevojčica i dječaka. Vidimo da se pohađanje škola mijenja što se tiče djevojčica. I nije bilo pobune jer radi se o poticaju. Obitelji trebaju pomoć. Otkrili smo da ako dulje zadržimo djevojčice ostat će u školi do 16. godine i neće se udati ako u školi dobiju hranu. Ili ako dobiju dodatnu porciju hrane na kraju tjedna -- što stoji oko 50 centi -- djevojka će ostati u školi i rodit će zdravije dijete jer pothanjenost se prenosi iz generacije u generaciju.
We know that there's boom and bust cycles of hunger. We know this. Right now on the Horn of Africa, we've been through this before. So is this a hopeless cause? Absolutely not. I'd like to talk about what I call our warehouses for hope. Cameroon, northern Cameroon, boom and bust cycles of hunger every year for decades. Food aid coming in every year when people are starving during the lean seasons. Well two years ago, we decided, let's transform the model of fighting hunger, and instead of giving out the food aid, we put it into food banks. And we said, listen, during the lean season, take the food out. You manage, the village manages these warehouses. And during harvest, put it back with interest, food interest. So add in five percent, 10 percent more food. For the past two years, 500 of these villages where these are have not needed any food aid -- they're self-sufficient. And the food banks are growing. And they're starting school feeding programs for their children by the people in the village. But they've never had the ability to build even the basic infrastructure or the resources. I love this idea that came from the village level: three keys to unlock that warehouse. Food is gold there. And simple ideas can transform the face, not of small areas, of big areas of the world.
Znamo da postoje ciklusi obilja, a zatim nestašice hrane. Znamo to. Upravo sada na rogu Afrike, već smo to prošli. Radi li se o beznadnoj borbi? Nikako. Željela bih govoriti o onome što zovem skladištima nade. Kamerun, sjeverni Kamerun, ciklusi obilja i nestašice svake godine već desetljećima. Pomoć u hrani stiže svake godine kada ljudi umiru od gladi tijekom sezona nestašice. Prije dvije godine odlučili smo da ćemo promijeniti model borbe protiv gladi i umjesto dijeljenja hrane stavili smo ju u banke hrane. Rekli smo, slušajte, za vrijeme nestašice uzmite si hranu. Vi, odnosno selo, upravljate skladištima. Tijekom žetve, vratite ju s kamatama, kamatama u hrani. Dodajte pet posto, 10 posto više hrane. Posljednje dvije godine 500 sela u kojima se nalaze banke nije trebalo pomoć u hrani -- sami proizvode dovoljno. Banke hrane rastu. Također pokreću programe školske prehrane za djecu u čemu pomažu ljudi u selu. No nikada nisu znali izgraditi niti najosnovniju infrastrukturu ili resurse. Jako mi se sviđa ideja nastala na razini sela: tri ključa za otključavanje skladišta. Hrana je ondje blago. A jednostavne ideje mogu promijeniti izgled ne malih područja, nego velikih svjetskih područja.
I'd like to talk about what I call digital food. Technology is transforming the face of food vulnerability in places where you see classic famine. Amartya Sen won his Nobel Prize for saying, "Guess what, famines happen in the presence of food because people have no ability to buy it." We certainly saw that in 2008. We're seeing that now in the Horn of Africa where food prices are up 240 percent in some areas over last year. Food can be there and people can't buy it.
Želim govoriti o nečemu što zovem digitalnom hranom. Tehnologija mijenja ranjivost zbog hrane na mjestima gdje susrećemo klasičnu glad. Amartya Sen dobio je Nobelovu nagradu zbog izjave: "Pogodite što, glad se javlja kada ima dovoljno hrane jer ljudi nemaju mogućnost kupiti ju". U to smo se uvjerili 2008. A isto se događa i sada na rogu Afrike gdje su cijene hrane porasle za 240 posto u nekim područjima tijekom prošle godine. Hrana može biti ondje, no ljudi ju ne mogu kupiti.
Well this picture -- I was in Hebron in a small shop, this shop, where instead of bringing in food, we provide digital food, a card. It says "bon appetit" in Arabic. And the women can go in and swipe and get nine food items. They have to be nutritious, and they have to be locally produced. And what's happened in the past year alone is the dairy industry -- where this card's used for milk and yogurt and eggs and hummus -- the dairy industry has gone up 30 percent. The shopkeepers are hiring more people. It is a win-win-win situation that starts the food economy moving. We now deliver food in over 30 countries over cell phones, transforming even the presence of refugees in countries, and other ways.
Ova slika -- bila sam u Hebronu u ovoj maloj trgovini, gdje umjesto donošenja hrane dajemo digitalnu hranu, karticu. Na njoj piše "dobar tek" na arapskom. Žene mogu ući i provući je te dobiti devet prehrambenih proizvoda. Moraju biti hranjivi i moraju biti proizvedeni lokalno. Samo u prethodnoj godini se dogodilo da je mliječna industrija -- u kojoj se kartica koristi za mlijeko i jogurt te jaja i namaz od slanutka -- mliječna je industrija porasla za 30 posto. Trgovci zapošljavaju više ljudi. Radi se o dobitnoj situaciji za sve koja počinje pokretati prehrambenu industriju. Sada dostavljamo hranu u preko 30 zemalja preko mobitela mijenjajući čak i prisutnost izbjeglica u zemljama te na druge načine.
Perhaps most exciting to me is an idea that Bill Gates, Howard Buffett and others have supported boldly, which is to ask the question: What if, instead of looking at the hungry as victims -- and most of them are small farmers who cannot raise enough food or sell food to even support their own families -- what if we view them as the solution, as the value chain to fight hunger? What if from the women in Africa who cannot sell any food -- there's no roads, there's no warehouses, there's not even a tarp to pick the food up with -- what if we give the enabling environment for them to provide the food to feed the hungry children elsewhere? And Purchasing for Progress today is in 21 countries. And guess what? In virtually every case, when poor farmers are given a guaranteed market -- if you say, "We will buy 300 metric tons of this. We'll pick it up. We'll make sure it's stored properly." -- their yields have gone up two-, three-, fourfold and they figure it out, because it's the first guaranteed opportunity they've had in their life. And we're seeing people transform their lives. Today, food aid, our food aid -- huge engine -- 80 percent of it is bought in the developing world. Total transformation that can actually transform the very lives that need the food.
Možda mi je najuzbudljivija ideja koju Bill Gates, Howard Buffett i ostali odvažno podržavaju, a to je da postavimo pitanje: Što ako, umjesto da smatramo gladne žrtvama -- a većina njih su mali poljoprivednici koji ne mogu proizvesti ili prodati dovoljno hrane da bi prehranili vlastite obitelji -- što ako ih počnemo smatrati rješenjem, lancem vrijednosti za suzbijanje gladi? Što ako od žena u Africi koje ne mogu prodati nimalo hrane -- nema cesta, nema skladišta, nemaju čak ni čime pokupiti hranu -- što ako osiguramo okruženje koje će im omogućiti da osiguraju hranu kojom će nahraniti gladnu djecu drugdje? Program Kupnjom do napretka danas postoji u 21 zemlji. Pogodite što? U gotovo svim slučajevima kad siromašni poljoprivrednici dobiju sigurno tržište -- ako kažete: "Kupit ćemo 300 tona toga. Preuzet ćemo to i pobrinuti se da je ispravno uskladišteno." -- njihovi se prinosi povećavaju dva, tri, četiri puta a oni će se snaći jer je to prva sigurna prilika koju su dobili u životu. Svjedoci smo da ljudi mijenjaju svoje živote. Danas, pomoć u hrani, naša pomoć -- golemi pokretač -- 80 posto nje kupuje se u svijetu u razvoju. Potpuna promjena koja zapravo može promijeniti živote kojima je potrebna hrana.
Now you'd ask, can this be done at scale? These are great ideas, village-level ideas. Well I'd like to talk about Brazil, because I've taken a journey to Brazil over the past couple of years, when I read that Brazil was defeating hunger faster than any nation on Earth right now. And what I've found is, rather than investing their money in food subsidies and other things, they invested in a school feeding program. And they require that a third of that food come from the smallest farmers who would have no opportunity. And they're doing this at huge scale after President Lula declared his goal of ensuring everyone had three meals a day. And this zero hunger program costs .5 percent of GDP and has lifted many millions of people out of hunger and poverty. It is transforming the face of hunger in Brazil, and it's at scale, and it's creating opportunities. I've gone out there; I've met with the small farmers who have built their livelihoods on the opportunity and platform provided by this.
Sada se pitate može li se to postići i šire? Radi se o velikim idejama na razini sela. Želim govoriti o Brazilu jer bila sam u Brazilu tijekom posljednjih nekoliko godina kada sam pročitala da Brazil pobjeđuje glad brže nego bilo koja zemlja na svijetu trenutno. Ono što sam otkrila je da su umjesto ulaganja u subvencije za hranu i ostale stvari uložili u program školske prehane. Oni zahtijevaju da trećina te hrane dolazi od najmanjih poljoprivrednika koji inače nemaju mogućnosti. Rade to u velikom opsegu nakon što je predsjednik Lula objavio da mu je cilj osigurati da svi imaju tri obroka dnevno. Program nulte stope gladi stoji 0,5 posto BDP-a, a spasio je više milijuna ljudi od gladi i siromaštva. To sada mijenja stanje gladi u Brazilu i to u velikom opsegu te stvara prilike. Otišla sam tamo; sastala sam se s malim poljoprivrednicima koji su izgradili sredstva za život na mogućnosti i prilici koju to pruža.
Now if we look at the economic imperative here, this isn't just about compassion. The fact is studies show that the cost of malnutrition and hunger -- the cost to society, the burden it has to bear -- is on average six percent, and in some countries up to 11 percent, of GDP a year. And if you look at the 36 countries with the highest burden of malnutrition, that's 260 billion lost from a productive economy every year. Well, the World Bank estimates it would take about 10 billion dollars -- 10.3 -- to address malnutrition in those countries. You look at the cost-benefit analysis, and my dream is to take this issue, not just from the compassion argument, but to the finance ministers of the world, and say we cannot afford to not invest in the access to adequate, affordable nutrition for all of humanity.
Ako pogledamo ekonomski imperativ ovdje, ne radi se samo o suosjećanju. Istraživanja pokazuju da cijena pothranjenosti i gladi -- cijena za društvo, teret koji mora nositi -- u prosjeku iznosi šest posto, u nekim zemljama do 11 posto BDP-a godišnje. Ako pogledate 36 država s najvećim teretom pothranjenosti, to je 260 milijardi gubitka za produktivno gospodarstvo svake godine. Svjetska banka procjenjuje da bi bilo potrebno oko 10 milijardi dolara, 10,3 da bi se suočilo s pothranjenošću ondje. Pogledajte analizu troškova i koristi, moj san je predstaviti taj problem, ne samo iz suosjećanja ministrima financija iz cijeloga svijeta i reći da si ne možemo priuštiti ne uložiti u pristup primjerenoj, pristupačnoj prehrani za cijelo čovječanstvo.
The amazing thing I've found is nothing can change on a big scale without the determination of a leader. When a leader says, "Not under my watch," everything begins to change. And the world can come in with enabling environments and opportunities to do this. And the fact that France has put food at the center of the G20 is really important. Because food is one issue that cannot be solved person by person, nation by nation. We have to stand together. And we're seeing nations in Africa. WFP's been able to leave 30 nations because they have transformed the face of hunger in their nations.
Zapanjujuća stvar koju sam otkrila je da se ništa ne može uvelike promijeniti bez odlučnosti vođe. Kada vođa kaže: "Ne dok ja odlučujem", sve se počinje mijenjati. I svijet može početi stvarati okolnosti i prilike da bi se to ostvarilo. Činjenica da je Francuska stavila hranu u središte interesa skupine G20 veoma je važno. Jer hrana je jedan od problema koji se ne može rješavati osobu po osobu, ili narod. Moramo se ujediniti. Vidimo što se događa narodima u Africi. WFP je uspio otići iz 30 zemalja, čak 30, jer su promijenili stanje gladi u tim zemljama.
What I would like to offer here is a challenge. I believe we're living at a time in human history where it's just simply unacceptable that children wake up and don't know where to find a cup of food. Not only that, transforming hunger is an opportunity, but I think we have to change our mindsets. I am so honored to be here with some of the world's top innovators and thinkers. And I would like you to join with all of humanity to draw a line in the sand and say, "No more. No more are we going to accept this." And we want to tell our grandchildren that there was a terrible time in history where up to a third of the children had brains and bodies that were stunted, but that exists no more.
Ono što bih vam željela ponuditi je izazov. Vjerujem da živimo u razdoblju ljudske povijesti kada je jednostavno neprihvatljivo da se djeca bude i ne znaju gdje mogu pronaći šalicu hrane. Ne samo to, mijenjanje gladi prilika je no mislim da moramo promijeniti način razmišljanja. Velika mi je čast biti ovdje s nekima od vodećih svjetskih inovatora i mislioca. Željela bih da se udružite s čitavim čovječanstvom i povučete crtu te kažete: "Nema više. Nećemo to više prihvaćati". Želimo reći našim unucima da je u povijesti postojalo užasno razdoblje kada su gotovo trećini djece mozgovi i tijela bila zakržljala, no ta vremena su iza nas.
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)