So the question is, what is invisible? There is more of it than you think, actually. Everything, I would say. Everything that matters except every thing and except matter.
Pitanje je, što je to nevidljivo? Zapravo, postoji više toga nego što vi mislite. Ja bih rekao sve, sve što je bitno osim svake stvari, i osim materije.
We can see matter. But we can't see what's the matter. As in this cryptic sentence I found in The Guardian recently: "The marriage suffered a setback in 1965, when the husband was killed by the wife." (Laughter) There's a world of invisibility there, isn't there? (Laughter)
Mi možemo vidjeti materiju. Ali ne možemo vidjeti što je materija. Kao u ovoj kriptiranoj rečenici koju sam našao nedavno u Guardian-u. "Brak je pretrpio neuspjeh 1965. godine kada je muž ubijen od strane svoje žene." (Smjeh) Postoji svijet nevidljivoga tu, zar ne? (Smjeh)
So, we can see the stars and the planets, but we can't see what holds them apart or what draws them together. With matter, as with people, we see only the skin of things. We can't see into the engine room. We can't see what makes people tick, at least not without difficulty. And the closer we look at anything, the more it disappears. In fact, if you look really closely at stuff, if you look at the basic substructure of matter, there isn't anything there. Electrons disappear in a kind of fuzz, and there is only energy. And you can't see energy.
Možemo vidjeti zvjezde i planete. Ali ne možemo vidjeti što ih drži odvojenima, ili što ih vuče jedne prema drugima. S materijom, kao i s ljudima, vidimo samo vanjštinu stvari. Ne možemo vidjeti unutar strojarnice. Ne možemo vidjeti što ljude pokreće, barem ne bez poteškoća. I što više iz bliza gledamo bilo što, tako ta stvar sve više nestaje. Zapravo, ako stvarno promatrate nešto iz bliza, ako gledate osnovnu substrukturu materije, nema ničega tamo. Elektroni nestaju u nekakvoj magli, i postoji samo energija. A energiju ne možete vidjeti.
So everything that matters, that's important, is invisible. One slightly silly thing that's invisible is this story, which is invisible to you. And I'm now going to make it visible to you in your minds. It's about an M.P. called Geoffrey Dickens.
Tako da je sve što vrijedi, što je važno, nevidljivo. Jedna malo glupava stvar koja je nevidljiva je ova priča, koja je vama nevidljiva. I sada ću je učiniti vidljivom vama u vašem umu. Radi se o parlamentarnom zastupniku zvanom Geoffery Dickens.
The late Geoffrey Dickens, M.P. was attending a fete in his constituency. Wherever he went, at every stall he stopped he was closely followed by a devoted smiling woman of indescribable ugliness. (Laughter) Try as he might, he couldn't get away from her. A few days later he received a letter from a constituent saying how much she admired him, had met him at a fete and asking for a signed photograph. After her name, written in brackets was the apt description, horse face. (Laughter)
Kasni Geoffery Dickens, parlamentarni zastupnik, je prisustvovao svečanosti u svojoj izbornoj jedinici. Gdje god bi pošao, kad god bi zastao kod nekog štanda slijedila bi ga odana nasmješena žena neopisive ružnoće. (Smijeh) Koliko god je pokušavao, nije mogao pobjeći od nje. Nakon par dana dobio je pismo od biračice koja je rekla koliko mu se divi, i da ga je srela na jednom štandu i zatražila potpisanu sliku. Nakon njenog imena, u zagradi je bio napisan opis, konjsko lice. (Smijeh)
"I've misjudged this women," thought Mr. Dickens. "Not only is she aware of her physical repulsiveness, she turns it to her advantage. A photo is not enough." So he went out and bought a plastic frame to put the photograph in. And on the photograph, he wrote with a flourish, "To Horse Face, with love from Geoffrey Dickens, M.P." After it had been sent off, his secretary said to him, "Did you get that letter from the woman at the fete? I wrote Horse Face on her, so you'd remember who she was." (Laughter)
"Pogrešno sam procijenio ovu ženu." pomislio je gosp. Dickens. "Ne samo da je svijesna svoje fizičke odbojnosti, već je okreće na svoju prednost. Slika nije dovoljna." Tako da je otišao i kupio plastični okvir u koji bi stavio sliku. I na slici je napisao s entuzijazmon, "Za 'Konjsko lice', s ljubavlju, Gefforey Dickens, parlamentarni zastupnik." Nakon što je poslano njegova tajnica mu je rekla, "Jesi dobio pismo od one žene sa štanda? Napisala sam 'Konjsko lice' na kuvertu, kako bi se sjetio tko je ona." (Smijeh)
I bet he thought he wished he was invisible, don't you? (Laughter)
Kladim se da je pomislio kako bi želio postati nevidljiv, zar ne? (Smijeh)
So, one of the interesting things about invisibility is that things that we can't see we also can't understand. Gravity is one thing that we can't see and which we don't understand. It's the least understood of all the four fundamental forces, and the weakest. And nobody really knows what it is or why it's there.
Jedna od zanimljivih stvario o nevidljivosti je da one stvari koje ne vidimo ne možemo ni razumjeti. Sila teža je jedna od stvari koje ne možemo vidjeti, i koju ne razumijemo. Ona je najmanje jasna od četiriju fundamentalnih sila, i najslabija. Nitko zapravo ne zna što je ili zašto postoji.
For what it's worth, Sir Isaac Newton, the greatest scientist who ever lived, he thought Jesus came to Earth specifically to operate the levers of gravity. That's what he thought he was there for. So, bright guy, could be wrong on that one, I don't know. (Laughter)
Sir Issac Newton, najveći znanstvenik koji je ikada živio, je mislio kako je Isus došao na zemlju samo da bi rukovao polugama sile teže. To je on mislio o njegovoj svrsi postojanja. Tako da bi pametan čovjek mogao biti u krivu o tome, ne znam. (Smijeh)
Consciousness. I see all your faces. I have no idea what any of you are thinking. Isn't that amazing? Isn't that incredible that we can't read each other's minds? But we can touch each other, taste each other perhaps, if we get close enough. But we can't read each other's minds. I find that quite astonishing.
Svijest. Vidim sva vaša lica. A nemam nikakvu ideju o tome što razmišljate. Nije li to nevjerojatno? Nije li nevjerojatno da ne možemo čitati jedni drugima misli? Ali možemo se dodirivati, okusiti, ako se dovoljno približivmo. Ali ne možemo čitati jedni drugima misli. Ja mislim kako je to zadivljujuće.
In the Sufi faith, this great Middle Eastern religion, which some claim is the route of all religions, Sufi masters are all telepaths, so they say. But their main exercise of telepathy is to send out powerful signals to the rest of us that it doesn't exist. So that's why we don't think it exists, the Sufi masters working on us.
U Sufi vjerovanju, toj velikoj religiji Sredjeg istoka, za koju neki tvrde kako je korijen svih religija, Sufi majstori su svi telepati, ili tako tvrde. Ali njihova glavna vježba telepatije je da šalju snažne signale prema svima nama kako to ne postoji. Pa zato mi mislimo kako to ne postoji, to su Sufi majstori koji nas obrađuju.
In the question of consciousness and artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has really, like the study of consciousness, gotten nowhere. We have no idea how consciousness works. With artificial intelligence, not only have they not created artificial intelligence, they haven't yet created artificial stupidity. (Laughter)
Na pitanje svijesti i umjetne inteligencije. Umjetna inteligencija zapravo, kao i nauka o svijesti, nije napredovala. Mi nemamo pojma kako svijest funkcionira. S umjetnom inteligencijom, ne samo da nisu stvorili umjetnu inteligenciju, već nismo još ni stvorili umjetnu glupost. (Smijeh)
The laws of physics: invisible, eternal, omnipresent, all-powerful. Remind you of anyone? Interesting. I'm, as you can guess, not a materialist, I'm an immaterialist. And I've found a very useful new word, ignostic. Okay? I'm an ignostic. I refuse to be drawn on the question of whether God exists, until somebody properly defines the terms. (Laughter)
Zakoni fizike: ne vidljivi, vječni, sveprisutni, svemoćni. Podsijeća li vas to na nekoga? Zanimljivo. Ja nisam, kao što ste mogli predpostaviti, materijalist, ja sam imaterijalist. Našao sam vrlo korisnu novu riječ, ignostik. Uredu? Ja sam ignostik. Ja odbijam dopustiti da me se uvuče u pitanje postoji li Bog, dok netko pravilno ne definira termin. (Smijeh)
Another thing we can't see is the human genome. And this is increasingly peculiar, because about 20 years ago, when they started delving into the genome, they thought it would probably contain around 100,000 genes. Geneticists will know this, but every year since, it's been revised downwards. We now think there are likely to be only just over 20,000 genes in the human genome.
Još nešto što ne možemo vidjeti jest ljudski genom. I ovo je sve čudnije. Zato što prije oko 20 godina, kada su počeli uranjati u genom, mislili su kako će vjerojatno sadržavati oko 100 tisuća gena. Genetičari će ovo znati, ali svake godine od tada, taj broj se smanjuje. Sada mislimo da je vjerojatno nešto više od 20 tisuća gena u ljudskom genomu.
This is extraordinary. Because rice -- get this -- rice is known to have 38 thousand genes. Potatoes, potatoes have 48 chromosomes. Do you know that? Two more than people, and the same as a gorilla. (Laughter) You can't see these things, but they are very strange. (Laughter)
To je nevjerojatno. Zato što riža, zamislite, za rižu je poznato da ima 38 tisuća gena. Krumpiri, krumpir ima 48 kromosoma. Jeste li to znali? Dva više nego ljudi. A isto kao gorila. (Smijeh) Ne možete vidjeti ove stvari. Ali su one jako čudne. (Smijeh)
The stars by day. I always think that's fascinating. The universe disappears. The more light there is, the less you can see.
Zvijezde po danu. Ja uvijek mislim kako je to fascinantno. Svemir nestane. Što je više svijetla, manje možete vidjeti.
Time, nobody can see time. I don't know if you know this. Modern physics, there is a big movement in modern physics to decide that time doesn't really exist, because it's too inconvenient for the figures. It's much easier if it's not really there. You can't see the future, obviously. And you can't see the past, except in your memory.
Vrijeme, nitko ne može vidjeti vrijeme. Ne znam znate li ovo. Moderna fizika, postiji veliki pokret u modernoj fizici kako bi se odlučilo da vrijeme zapravo ne postoji. Zato što je nezgodno tijekom izračunavanja jednadžbi. Puno je lakše da ono ne postoji. Ne možete vidjeti budućnost, očito. I ne možete vidjeti prošlost, osim u svojim sjećanjima.
One of the interesting things about the past is you particularly can't see. My son asked me this the other day, he said, "Dad, can you remember what I was like when I was two?" And I said, "Yes." And he said, "Why can't I?"
Jedna od zanimljivih stvari od prošlosti je kako je pogotovo ne možete vidjeti, moj me sin neki dan pitao, rakao je, "Tata sjećaš li se kakav sam bio kada sam imao dvije godine?" I ja sam rekao "Da." A on je rekao, "Zašto ja ne mogu?"
Isn't that extraordinary? You cannot remember what happened to you earlier than the age of two or three, which is great news for psychoanalysts, because otherwise they'd be out of a job. Because that's where all the stuff happens (Laughter) that makes you who you are.
Nije li to zapanjujuće? Ne možeš se sjetiti što ti se dogodilo ranije od druge ili treće godine života. Što je odlična vijest za psihoanalitičare. Zato što bi inače oni ostali bez posla. Zato što je to vrijeme kada se sve ono događa (Smijeh) što vas čini osobama koje jeste.
Another thing you can't see is the grid on which we hang. This is fascinating. You probably know, some of you, that cells are continually renewed. You can see it in skin and this kind of stuff. Skin flakes off, hairs grow, nails, that kind of stuff. But every cell in your body is replaced at some point. Taste buds, every 10 days or so. Livers and internal organs sort of take a bit longer. A spine takes several years. But at the end of seven years, not one cell in your body remains from what was there seven years ago. The question is, who, then, are we? What are we? What is this thing that we hang on, that is actually us?
Još jedna stvar koju ne vidite je mreža na kojoj visimo. To je fascinantno. Neki od vas vjerojatno znate, kako se stanice konstantno obnavljaju. Možete vidjeti to na koži i tome slično. Koža se ljušti, kosa raste, nokti, takve stvari. Ali svaka stanica u vašem tijelu je zamjenjena u nekom trenutku. Okusni pupoljci, oko svakih 10 dana. Jetra i unutarnji organi trebaju malo dulje. Kralježnica treba nekoliko godina. Ali na kraju sedme godine, niti jedna stanica u vašem tijelu ne ostaje a koja je bila tamo prije sedam godina. Pitanje je, tko, smo onda mi? Što smo mi? Što je to na što se držimo, što smo zapravo?
Okay. Atoms, you can't see them. Nobody ever will. They're smaller than the wavelength of light. Gas, you can't see that. Interesting. Somebody mentioned 1600 recently. Gas was invented in 1600 by a Dutch chemist called Van Helmont. It's said to be the most successful ever invention of a word by a known individual. Quite good. He also invented a word called "blas," meaning astral radiation. Didn't catch on, unfortunately. (Laughter) But well done, him. (Laughter)
Dobro. Atomi, ne možete ih vidjeti. Nitko nikada ni neće. Oni su manji od svjetlosnih valova. Plin, to ne možete vidjeti. Zanimljivo. Netko je spomenuo 1600. nedavno. Plin je izumljen 1600. godine od strane nizozemskog kemičara Van Helmonta. Kažu kako je to jedna od najuspješnijih inovacija riječi ikada od strane poznate osobe. Dosta dobro. Također je izmislio riječ zvanu blass, koja znači astralna radijacija. No to se nažalost nije uhvatilo. (Smijeh) Ali bravo za njega. (Smijeh)
There is so many things that -- Light. You can't see light. When it's dark, in a vacuum, if a person shines a beam of light straight across your eyes, you won't see it. Slightly technical, some physicists will disagree with this. But it's odd that you can't see the beam of light, you can only see what it hits. I find that extraordinary, not to be able to see light, not to be able to see darkness.
Postoje toliko stvari koje -- svijetlo. Ne možete vidjeti svijetlo. Kada je mrak, u vakumu, ako osoba uperi zraku svijetlosti ravno preko vaših očiju, nećete je vidjeti. Malo s tehničke strane, neki fizičari se ne slažu s ovime. Ali je čudno da ne možete vidjeti zraku svijetlosti, samo možete vidjeti ono u što ona udari. Ja mislim kako je to nevjerojatno, da ne možemo vidjeti svijetlo, da ne možemo vidjeti mrak.
Electricity, you can't see that. Don't let anyone tell you they understand electricity. They don't. Nobody knows what it is. (Laughter) You probably think the electrons in an electric wire move instantaneously down a wire, don't you, at the speed of light when you turn the light on. They don't. Electrons bumble down the wire, about the speed of spreading honey, they say. (Laughter)
Električna energija, to ne možete vidjeti. Ne dopustita da vam itko kaže da razunije električnu energiju. Ne razumiju. Nitko ne razumije što je to. (Smijeh) Vjerojatno mislite na elektrone u električnoj žici koji se kreću trenutno niz žicu, nije li tako, brzinom svijetlosti kada upalite svijetlo. Nije tako. Elektroni se kotrljaju niz žicu, oko brzine tekućeg meda, tako kažu. (Smijeh)
Galaxies, 100 billion of them estimated in the universe. 100 billion. How many can we see? Five. Five out of the 100 billion galaxies, with the naked eye, and one of them is quite difficult to see unless you've got very good eyesight.
Galaksije, njih 100 milijardi, tako je procijenjeno u svemiru. 100 milijardi. Koliko ih možemo vidjeti? Pet. Pet, od 100 miljardi galaksija, s golim okom. I jedna od njih se vrlo teško vidi osim ako nemate jako dobar vid.
Radio waves. There's another thing. Heinrich Hertz, when he discovered radio waves in 1887, he called them radio waves because they radiated. And somebody said to him, "Well what's the point of these, Heinrich? What's the point of these radio waves that you've found?" And he said, "Well, I've no idea. But I guess somebody will find a use for them someday." And that's what they do, radio. That's what they discovered.
Radijski valovi. Još jedna stvar. Heinrich Herz, kada je otkrio radijske valove 1887., nazvao ih je radio valovima zato što zrače. I netko mu je rekao, "Pa koji je smisao toga Heinrich? Koji je smisao tih radio valova koje si otkrio?" A on je rekao, "Pa, nemam pojma. Ali pretpostavljam kako će netko naći neku korist od njih jednog dana." I to je ono što su napravili, radio. To je ono što su otkrili.
Anyway, so the biggest thing that's invisible to us is what we don't know. It is incredible how little we know. Thomas Edison once said, "We don't know one percent of one millionth about anything."
Kakobilo, najveća stvar koja je nama nevidljiva je ono što ne znamo. Zapanjujuće je koliko malo zapravo znamo. Thomas Edison je jednom rekao, "Ne znamo jedan posto od jednog promila o ičemu."
And I've come to the conclusion -- because you've asked this other question, "What's another thing you can't see?" The point, most of us. What's the point? (Laughter) (Applause) You can't see a point. It's by definition dimensionless, like an electron, oddly enough.
I ja sam došao do zaključka zato što ste pitali ovo drugo pitanje, "Što još ne možemo vidjeti?" Svrhu, većina nas. Koja je svrha? (Smijeh) (Pljesak) Ne možete vidjeti svrhu. Ona je po definiciji bez dimenzija, kao elektron, začudo.
But the point, what I've got it down to, is there are only two questions really worth asking. "Why are we here?" and "What should we do about it while we are? And to help you, I've got two things to leave you with, from two great philosophers, perhaps two of the greatest philosopher thinkers of the 20th century, one a mathematician and an engineer, and the other a poet.
Ali smisao, ono na što sam ga ja sveo, je da postoje samo dva pitanja koja vrijedi pitati. "Zašto smo ovdje?" i "Što bi trebali činiti dok smo ovdje?" I kako bi vam pomogao, imam dvije stvari s kojim vas ostavljam, od dva velika filozofa, možda i dva najveća filozofska mislioca 20. stoljeća. Jedan je matematićar i inžinjer, a drugi pjesnik.
The first is Ludwig Wittgenstein who said, "I don't know why we are here. But I'm pretty sure it's not in order to enjoy ourselves." (Laughter) He was a cheerful bastard wasn't he? (Laughter)
Prvi je Ludwig Wittgenstein koji je rekao, "Ne znam zašto smo ovdje. Ali sam prilično siguran kako nije da bi se zabavljali." (Smijeh) Baš je bio veseo čovjek zar ne? (Smijeh)
And secondly and lastly, W.H. Auden, one of my favorite poets, who said, "We are here on earth to help others. What the others are here for, I've no idea." (Laughter) (Applause)
I drugi i zadnji, W. H. Auden, jedan od mojih omiljenih pjesnika, koji je rekao, "Mi smo na zemlji da pomognemo drugima. Zašto su drugi ovdje, nemam pojma." (Smijeh) (Pljesak)