Now, this is Joanna. Joanna works at a university in Poland. And one Saturday morning at 3am, she got up, packed her rucksack and traveled more than a thousand kilometers, only to have a political argument with a stranger. His name is Christof, and he's a customer manager from Germany. And the two had never met before. They only knew that they were totally at odds over European politics, over migration, or the relationship to Russia or whatever. And they were arguing for almost one day. And after that, Joanna sent me a somewhat irritating email. "That was really cool, and I enjoyed every single minute of it!"
Ini Joanna. Joanna bekerja di sebuah universitas di Polandia. Pada hari Sabtu pukul 3 dini hari, dia bangun, mengemas ranselnya dan menempuh jarak lebih dari seribu kilometer, hanya untuk berdebat politik dengan orang yang tak dikenalnya. Namanya Christof, seorang manajer pelanggan dari Jerman. Keduanya belum pernah bertemu. Mereka hanya tahu kalau mereka berselisih paham tentang politik Eropa, tentang migrasi, atau hubungan dengan Rusia dan sebagainya. Mereka berdebat hampir sehari penuh. Setelah itu, Joanna mengirim email yang cukup menjengkelkan. "Tadi itu keren sekali, aku menikmati setiap menitnya!"
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
So these are Tom from the UK and Nils from Germany. They also were strangers, and they are both supporters of their local football team, as you may imagine, Borussia Dortmund and Tottenham Hotspurs. And so they met on the very spot where football roots were invented, on some field in Cambridge. And they didn't argue about football, but about Brexit. And after talking for many hours about this contentious topic, they also sent a rather unexpected email. "It was delightful, and we both enjoyed it very much."
Ini adalah Tom dari Inggris dan Nils dari Jerman. Mereka juga tidak saling mengenal, Keduanya adalah suporter tim sepak bola masing-masing daerah, Borussia Dortmund dan Tottenham Hotspurs, seperti bayangan Anda. Mereka bertemu di tempat di mana akar sepak bola diciptakan, di satu lapangan di Cambridge. Mereka tidak berdebat tentang sepak bola, tapi tentang Brexit. Setelah berbicara berjam-jam tentang topik kontroversial ini, mereka juga mengirim email yang agak tak terduga. "Tadi itu menyenangkan, kami sangat menikmatinya."
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
So in spring 2019, more than 17,000 Europeans from 33 countries signed up to have a political argument. Thousands crossed their borders to meet a stranger with a different opinion, and they were all part of a project called "Europe Talks."
Di musim semi 2019, lebih dari 17.000 warga Eropa dari 33 negara mendaftarkan diri untuk berdebat politik. Ribuan menyeberangi perbatasan untuk bertemu orang tak dikenal dengan opini berbeda, mereka adalah bagian dari proyek bernama "Europe Talks."
Now, talking about politics amongst people with different opinions has become really difficult, not only in Europe. Families are splitting, friends no longer talk to each other. We stay in our bubbles. And these so-called filter bubbles are amplified by social media, but they are not, in the core, a digital product. The filter bubble has always been there. It's in our minds.
Berbicara politik antara orang-orang yang berbeda opini telah menjadi sangat sulit, tidak hanya di Eropa. Keluarga terpecah, teman-teman tak lagi saling bicara. Kita tinggal di dalam gelembung. Hal yang disebut filter bubble ini diperkuat oleh media sosial, tapi intinya bukan produk digital. Filter bubble selalu ada di sana. Ia ada di dalam pikiran kita.
As many studies repeatedly have shown, we, for example, ignore effects that contradict our convictions. So correcting fake news is definitely necessary, but it's not sufficient to get a divided society to rethink itself. Fortunately, according to at least some research, there may be a simple way to get a new perspective: a personal one-on-one discussion with someone who doesn't have your opinion. It enables you to see the world in a new way, through someone else's eyes.
Seperti yang telah ditunjukkan berulang kali oleh banyak studi, kita, contohnya, mengabaikan efek yang bertentangan dengan keyakinan kita. Jadi, mengoreksi berita palsu pasti perlu, tapi itu tak cukup untuk membuat masyarakat yang terpecah untuk berpikir kembali. Untungnya, berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, ada cara mudah mendapatkan perspektif baru: diskusi personal satu lawan satu dengan mereka yang berbeda opini. Ini memungkinkan Anda melihat dunia dalam cara baru, lewat mata orang lain.
Now, I'm the editor of "ZEIT ONLINE," one of the major digital news organizations in Germany. And we started what became "Europe Talks" as a really modest editorial exercise. As many journalists, we were impressed by Trump and by Brexit, and Germany was getting divided, too, especially over the issue of migration. So the arrival of more than a million refugees in 2015 and 2016 dominated somewhat the debate. And when we were thinking about our own upcoming election in 2017, we definitely knew that we had to reinvent the way we were dealing with politics. So digital nerds that we are, we came up with obviously many very strange digital product ideas, one of them being a Tinder for politics --
Saya adalah editor "ZEIT ONLINE," salah satu organisasi media digital utama di Jerman. Kami memulai "Europe Talks" sebagai suatu latihan editorial sederhana. Seperti halnya banyak jurnalis, kami terkesan dengan Trump dan Brexit, Jerman juga sedang terbagi, terutama oleh isu migrasi. Jadi, kedatangan lebih dari sejuta pengungsi di tahun 2015 dan 2016 mendominasi perdebatannya. Ketika kami memikirkan tentang pemilu 2017 yang akan datang, kami tahu kami harus menemukan cara baru berurusan dengan politik. Sebagai kutu buku digital, kami punya banyak ide produk digital yang aneh, salah satunya Tinder untuk politik --
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
a dating platform for political opposites, a tool that could help get people together with different opinions. And we decided to test it and launched what techies would call a "minimum viable product." So it was really simple. We called it "Deutschland spricht" -- "Germany Talks" -- and we started with that in May 2017. And it was really simple. We used mainly Google Forms, a tool that each and every one of us here can use to make surveys online. And everywhere in our content, we embedded simple questions like this: "Did Germany take in too many refugees?" You click yes or no. We asked you more questions, like, "Does the West treat Russia fairly?" or, "Should gay couples be allowed to marry?" And if you answered all these questions, we asked one more question: "Hey, would you like to meet a neighbor who totally disagrees with you?"
platform kencan untuk lawan politik, alat yang bisa membantu mempertemukan orang-orang dengan opini berbeda. Kami memutuskan untuk mengujinya dan meluncurkan apa yang disebut sebagai "produk minimum yang layak." Jadi ini sangat sederhana. Kami menyebutnya "Deutschland Spricht"-- "Germany Talks" -- kami memulainya di bulan Mei, 2017. Ini sangat sederhana. Kami menggunakan Google Forms, alat yang bisa kita gunakan untuk membuat survei online. Dalam konten, kami menanamkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan sederhana seperti: "Apakah Jerman menampung terlalu banyak pengungsi?' Anda klik ya atau tidak. Kami bertanya lebih banyak, seperti, "Apakah negara Barat berlaku adil terhadap Rusia?" atau, "Bolehkah pasangan gay menikah?" Jika sudah selesai menjawab, kami bertanya satu hal lagi: "Hey, maukah Anda bertemu tetangga yang sama sekali tidak setuju dengan Anda?"
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
So this was a really simple experiment with no budget whatsoever. We expected some hundred-ish people to register, and we planned to match them by hand, the pairs. And after one day, 1,000 people had registered. And after some weeks, 12,000 Germans had signed up to meet someone else with a different opinion. So we had a problem.
Ini adalah sebuah eksperimen sederhana tanpa anggaran apa pun. Kami mengira ada sekitar ratusan yang mendaftar, dan kami berencana mencocokkan mereka secara manual. Setelah satu hari, sudah ada 1,000 orang yang mendaftar. Setelah beberapa minggu, 12,000 warga Jerman sudah mendaftar untuk bertemu dengan mereka yang berbeda opini. Jadi, kami mendapat masalah.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
We hacked a quick and dirty algorithm that would find the perfect Tinder matches, like people living as close as possible having answered the questions as differently as possible. We introduced them via email. And, as you may imagine, we had many concerns. Maybe no one would show up in real life. Maybe all the discussions in real life would be awful. Or maybe we had an axe murderer in our database.
Kami meretas algoritma yang cepat dan kotor yang akan menemukan pasangan Tinder yang sempurna, seperti orang yang tinggal sedekat mungkin tapi dengan jawaban yang sangat berbeda. Kami memperkenalkan mereka lewat email. Seperti yang Anda bayangkan, ada banyak kekhawatiran. Mungkin tak ada yang muncul. Mungkin diskusi secara langsung akan jadi mengerikan. Atau mungkin ada pembunuh berkapak di database kami.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
But then, on a Sunday in June 2017, something beautiful happened. Thousands of Germans met in pairs and talked about politics peacefully. Like Anno. He's a former policeman who's against -- or was against -- gay marriage, and Anne, she's an engineer who lives in a domestic partnership with another woman. And they were talking for hours about all the topics where they had different opinions. At one point, Anno told us later, he realized that Anne was hurt by his statements about gay marriage, and he started to question his own assumptions. And after talking for three hours, Anne invited Anno to her summer party, and today, years later, they still meet from time to time and are friends.
Tapi, pada hari Minggu di bulan Juni 2017, sesuatu yang indah terjadi. Ribuan orang Jerman bertemu berpasangan dan bicara tentang politik dengan damai. Seperti Anno. Dia adalah mantan polisi yang menentang-- atau tadinya menentang pernikahan sejenis, kemudian Anne, seorang insinyur yang hidup satu rumah dengan wanita lain. Mereka berbicara berjam-jam mengenai segala topik di mana mereka berbeda opini. Di satu titik, Anno mengatakan pada kami, dia sadar Anne terluka karena ucapannya tentang pernikahan sejenis, dan dia mulai mempertanyakan asumsinya sendiri. Setelah berbicara selama tiga jam, Anne mengundang Anno ke pesta musim panasnya, dan hari ini, bertahun-tahun setelahnya, kadang mereka masih bertemu, dan mereka berteman.
So our algorithm matched, for example, this court bailiff. He's also a spokesperson of the right-wing populist party AfD in Germany, and this counselor for pregnant women. She used to be an active member of the Green Party. We even matched this professor and his student.
Jadi algoritma kami cocok, contohnya, juru sita pengadilan ini. Dia juga juru bicara AfD, partai populis sayap kanan di Jerman, dan konselor untuk wanita hamil ini. Dulunya dia anggota aktif Green Party. Kami bahkan mencocokkan profesor ini dengan muridnya.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
It's an algorithm.
Ini adalah algoritma.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
We also matched a father-in-law and his very own daughter-in-law, because, obviously, they live close by but have really different opinions.
Kami juga mencocokkan seorang ayah mertua dengan menantu perempuannya, karena jelas mereka tinggal berdekatan tapi memiliki opini yang sangat berbeda.
So as a general rule, we did not observe, record, document the discussions, because we didn't want people to perform in any way. But I made an exception. I took part myself. And so I met in my trendy Berlin neighborhood called Prenzlauer Berg, I met Mirko. This is me talking to Mirko. Mirko didn't want to be in the picture. He's a young plant operator, and he looked like all the hipsters in our area, like with a beard and a beanie. We were talking for hours, and I found him to be a wonderful person. And despite the fact that we had really different opinions about most of the topics -- maybe with the exception of women's rights, where I couldn't comprehend his thoughts -- it was really nice. After our discussion, I Googled Mirko. And I found out that in his teenage years, he used to be a neo-Nazi. So I called him and asked, "Hey, why didn't you tell me?" And he said, "You know, I didn't tell you because I want to get over it. I just don't want to talk about it anymore."
Jadi sebagai aturan umum, kami tidak mengamati, merekam, mendokumentasikan diskusi-diskusinya, karena kami tak mau memengaruhi mereka. Tapi saya membuat pengecualian. Saya sendiri ikut serta. Saya bertemu di lingkungan trendi Berlin, Prenzlauer Berg, saya bertemu Mirko. Ini waktu saya bicara dengan Mirko. Mirko tidak mau ada di foto. Dia adalah seorang operator pabrik muda, dan dia nampak seperti hipster di daerah kami dengan janggut dan topi kupluk. Kami bicara berjam-jam, dan ternyata dia orang yang menyenangkan. Walaupun opini kami sangat berbeda mengenai sebagian besar topik -- mungkin dengan pengecualian hak-hak perempuan, di mana saya tak bisa memahami pemikirannya -- itu sangat menyenangkan. Setelah diskusi, saya mencari Mirko di Google. Ternyata di masa remaja, dia dulunya seorang neo-Nazi. Jadi saya meneleponnya dan bertanya, "Hey, kenapa kau tidak bilang padaku?" Dia berkata, "Aku tak bilang padamu karena aku ingin melupakannya. Aku hanya tak ingin membahasnya lagi."
I thought that people with a history like that could never change, and I had to rethink my assumptions, as did many of the participants who sent us thousands of emails and also selfies.
Saya pikir orang dengan sejarah macam itu tak pernah bisa berubah, saya harus memikirkan ulang asumsi saya, seperti halnya banyak peserta lain yang mengirimkan ribuan email dan juga swafoto.
No violence was recorded whatsoever.
Tidak ada kekerasan apa pun yang terekam.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
And we just don't know if some of the pairs got married.
Kami juga tak tahu apa ada pasangan yang menikah.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
But, at least, we were really excited and wanted to do it again, especially in version 2.0, wanted to expand the diversity of the participants, because obviously in the first round, they were mainly our readers.
Setidaknya, kami sangat bersemangat dan ingin melakukannya lagi, terutama di versi 2.0, kami ingin memperluas keragaman peserta, karena di babak pertama, kebanyakan adalah para pembaca kami.
And so we embraced our competition and asked other media outlets to join. We coordinated via Slack. And this live collaboration among 11 major German media houses was definitely a first in Germany. The numbers more than doubled: 28,000 people applied this time. And the German president -- you see him here in the center of the picture -- became our patron. And so, thousands of Germans met again in the summer of 2018 to talk to someone else with a different opinion. Some of the pairs we invited to Berlin to a special event. And there, this picture was taken, until today my favorite symbol for "Germany Talks." You see Henrik, a bus driver and boxing trainer, and Engelbert, the director of a children's help center. They answered all of the seven questions we asked differently. They had never met before this day, and they had a really intensive discussion and seemed to get along anyway with each other.
Kami merangkul kompetitor kami dan mengajak media lain bergabung. Kami berkoordinasi lewat Slack. Kolaborasi langsung antara 11 media utama Jerman ini adalah yang pertama di Jerman. Angkanya bertambah lebih dari 2x lipat: kali ini 28.000 orang mendaftar. Presiden Jerman -- Anda bisa lihat Beliau di tengah foto -- menjadi penyokong kami. Ribuan orang Jerman bertemu lagi di musim panas 2018 untuk berbicara dengan mereka yang berbeda opini. Sebagian kami undang ke Berlin untuk acara khusus. Di sanalah foto ini diambil, ini simbol "Germany Talks" favorit saya hingga hari ini. Ini Henrik, pengemudi bis dan pelatih tinju, dan Engelbert, pimpinan sebuah pusat bantuan anak-anak. Mereka menjawab tujuh pertanyaan kami secara berbeda. Mereka belum pernah bertemu sampai hari itu, dan mereka berdiskusi dengan intensif tapi mereka tetap kelihatan akrab satu sama lain.
So this time we also wanted to know if the discussion would have any impact on the participants. So we asked researchers to survey the participants. And two-thirds of the participants said that they learned something about their partner's attitudes. Sixty percent agreed that their viewpoints converged. The level of trust in society seemed also higher after the event, according to the researchers. Ninety percent said that they enjoyed their discussion. Ten percent said they didn't enjoy their discussion, eight percent only because, simply, their partner didn't show up.
Kali ini kami juga ingin tahu apakah diskusi ini berdampak pada para peserta. Kami meminta peneliti untuk menyurvei para peserta. Dua per tiga mengatakan bahwa mereka mempelajari sesuatu tentang sikap pasangannya. 60 persen setuju bahwa sudut pandang mereka bertemu. Tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat tampaknya juga meningkat setelah acara, menurut para peneliti. 90 persen berkata bahwa mereka menikmati diskusinya. sepuluh persen berkata mereka tidak menikmati diskusi mereka, delapan persen karena pasangan mereka tidak muncul.
(Laughter)
(Tertawa)
After "Germany Talks," we got approached by many international media outlets, and we decided this time to build a serious and secure platform. We called it "My Country Talks." And in this short period of time, "My Country Talks" has already been used for more than a dozen local and national events like "Het grote gelijk" in Belgium or "Suomi puhuu" in Finland or "Britain Talks" in the UK. And as I mentioned at the beginning, we also launched "Europe Talks," together with 15 international media partners, from the "Financial Times" in the UK to "Helsingin Sanomat" in Finland. Thousands of Europeans met with a total stranger to argue about politics. So far, we have been approached by more than 150 global media outlets, and maybe someday there will be something like "The World Talks," with hundreds of thousands of participants.
Setelah "Germany Talks", kami didekati banyak media internasional, kali ini kami memutuskan untuk membangun platform yang serius dan aman. Kami menyebutnya "My Country Talks." Dalam waktu singkat, "My Country Talks" telah digunakan di lebih dari selusin acara lokal dan nasional seperti "Het grote gelijk" di Belgia atau "Suomi puhuu" di Firlandia atau "Britain Talks" di Inggris. Seperti yang saya sebutkan di awal, kami juga meluncurkan "Europe Talks," bersama dengan 15 media partner internasional, mulai dari "Financial Times" di Inggris sampai "Helsingin Sanomat" di Firlandia. Ribuan warga Eropa bertemu orang yang sama sekali asing untuk berdebat tentang politik. Sejauh ini, kami sudah dihubungi lebih dari 150 media global, mungkin suatu hari akan ada sesuatu seperti "The World Talks," dengan ratusan ribu peserta.
But what matters here are not the numbers, obviously. What matters here is ... Whenever two people meet to talk in person for hours without anyone else listening, they change. And so do our societies. They change little by little, discussion by discussion. What matters here is that we relearn how to have these face-to-face discussions, without anyone else listening, with a stranger. Not only with a stranger we are introduced to by a Tinder for politics, but also with a stranger in a pub or in a gym or at a conference.
Tapi yang penting bukan angkanya, tentu saja. Yang penting adalah ketika dua orang bertemu untuk saling bicara selama berjam-jam tanpa ada orang lain yang mendengarkan, mereka berubah. Demikian juga dengan masyarakat. Mereka berubah sedikit demi sedikit, diskusi demi diskusi. Yang penting adalah kita belajar kembali bagaimana cara berdiskusi satu lawan satu tanpa ada orang lain yang menguping, dengan seorang asing. Tidak hanya orang asing yang dikenalkan lewat Tinder untuk politik, tapi juga dengan orang asing di pub atau gym atau di sebuah konferensi.
So please meet someone and have an argument and enjoy it very much.
Jadi, temuilah seseorang ajak mereka berargumen dan nikmatilah sepenuh hati.
Thank you.
Terima kasih.
(Applause)
(Tepuk tangan)
Wow!
Wow!
(Applause)
(Tepuk tangan)