I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. And it was found close to here, Stanford. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, "Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two." To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours." (Laughter) Exact equivalent.
Esmu šeit, jo man ir ļoti svarīga vēsts. Šķiet, mēs esam atklājuši vissvarīgāko panākumu faktoru. To atklāja netālu no šejienes, Stenfordā. Psiholoģijas profesors izvēlējās četrgadīgus bērnus un ielika tos vienus pašus istabā. Tad viņš četrgadīgajam bērnam teica: „Džonij, es tevi te atstāšu ar zefīru uz 15 minūtēm. Ja man atgriežoties zefīrs vēl būs tur, tu dabūsi vēl vienu, un tev būs divi zefīri.” Pateikt četrgadīgajam, lai viņš pagaida 15 minūtes, lai dabūtu kaut ko, kas viņam patīk, ir tas pats, kas pateikt mums: „Mēs atnesīsim jums kafiju pēc divām stundām.” (Smiekli) Tieši tas pats.
So what happened when the professor left the room? As soon as the door closed... two out of three ate the marshmallow. Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes. (Laughter) Couldn't do it. Could not wait. What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. Put it back. They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
Kas tad notika, profesoram izejot no istabas? Tiklīdz durvis aizvērās... divi no trim bērniem apēda zefīru. Piecas sekundes, 10 sekundes, 40 sekundes, 50 sekundes, divas minūtes, četras minūtes, astoņas minūtes. Daži izturēja 14 ar pusi minūtes. (Smiekli) Nevarēja. Nevarēja nociesties. Interesantākais ir, ka viens no trim skatītos uz zefīru un darītu šādi... Skatītos uz to. Noliktu to atpakaļ. Pastaigātu apkārt. Paspēlētos ar saviem svārkiem un biksēm.
That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success, which is the ability to delay gratification. Self-discipline: the most important factor for success. 15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study. What did they find? They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. They were happy. They had their plans. They had good relationships with the teachers, students. They were doing fine.
Tas bērns jau četru gadu vecumā saprata vissvarīgāko panākumu principu. Tā ir spēja atlikt apmierinājumu. Pašdisciplīna, svarīgākais panākumu faktors. Pēc 15 gadiem, pēc 14 vai 15 gadiem, pētījuma turpinājumā. Ko viņi atklāja? Viņi uzmeklēja šos bērnus, kuriem tagad jau bija 18 un 19 gadi, un atklāja, ka 100 procenti no bērniem, kuri neapēda zefīru, bija guvuši ievērojamus panākumus. Viņiem bija labas atzīmes. Viņiem gāja lieliski. Viņi bija laimīgi. Viņiem bija nākotnes plāni. Viņiem bija labas attiecības ar skolotājiem, citiem skolēniem. Viņiem viss bija kārtībā.
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. They did not make it to university. They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. A few were still there with bad grades. A few had good grades.
Liela daļa bērnu, kuri apēda zefīru, viņiem negāja tik labi. Viņi netika universitātēs. Viņiem bija sliktas atzīmes. Dažus izmeta no skolas. Daži neizmeta, bet viņiem bija sliktas atzīmes. Tikai dažiem bija labas atzīmes.
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. And let me show you what happened.
Man radās jautājums: Vai latīņamerikaņu bērni reaģētu tāpat kā amerikāņu bērni? Tā nu es devos uz Kolumbiju un atkārtoju eksperimentu. Tas bija ļoti smieklīgi. Es izvēlējos četrus, piecus un sešus gadus vecus bērnus. Ļaujiet parādīt, kas notika.
(Spanish) (Laughter)
(Smiekli)
So what happened in Colombia? Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow; one out of three did not. This little girl was interesting; she ate the inside of the marshmallow. (Laughter) In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. But she ate it. So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. (Laughter) She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register. But she will be successful.
Kas tad notika Kolumbijā? Divi no trim latīņamerikāņu bērniem apēda zefīru. Viens no trim neapēda. Šī mazā meitene bija interesanta. Viņa izēda tikai zefīra viduci. (Smiekli) Citos vārdos, viņa gribēja, lai mēs domātu, ka viņa to nav apēdusi un dabūtu vēl vienu. Bet viņa to apēda. Tāpēc mēs zinām, ka viņa gūs panākumus. Taču mums viņa būs jāpieskata. (Smiekli) Viņai, piemēram, nevajadzētu strādāt par baņķieri vai kasieri. Bet viņa gūs panākumus.
And this applies for everything. Even in sales. The sales person that -- the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are." That person ate the marshmallow. If the sales person says, "Wait a second. Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice." Then you sell a lot more. So this has applications in all walks of life.
Tas ir spēkā visur. Pat pārdošanā. Pārdevējs, kas... Ja pircējs saka: „Man, lūdzu, to. ” Un pārdevējs atbild: „Lūdzu, te būs.” Tas ir pārdevējs, kurš apēda zefīru Ja pārdevējs saka: „Mirklīti, ļaujiet man jums uzdot pāris jautājumus, lai zinātu vai tā jums ir laba izvēle.” Un tad pārdod tev vairāk. Tāpēc tas ietekmē visas dzīves jomas.
I end with -- the Koreans did this. You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. And we need to learn that principle here in the States, because we have a big debt. We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. Thank you so much.
Es pabeigšu ar korejiešiem. Ziniet ko? Tas ir tik labi, ka mēs gribam zefīru grāmatu bērniem. Mēs to izveidojām. Un nu tā ir populāra visā Korejā. Viņi bērniem māca tieši šo principu. Mums jāmāca šo principu šeit, ASV. Jo mēs esam lielos parādos. Mēs apēdam vairāk zefīrus nekā saražojam. Liels paldies.