I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. And it was found close to here, Stanford. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, "Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two." To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours." (Laughter) Exact equivalent.
Ovdje sam jer imam iznimno važnu poruku. Mislim da smo pronašli najvažniji čimbenik za uspjeh. Pronađen je nedaleko odavde – Stanford. Profesor psihologije odabrao je djecu staru četiri godine i stavio ih u prostoriju, svakog zasebno. I rekao bi djetetu, četverogodišnjem djetetu, „Johnny, ja ću te sada ostaviti sa sljezovim kolačićem na 15 minuta. Ako, nakon što se vratim, sljezov kolačić i dalje bude ovdje, dobit ćeš još jedan. I tako ćeš imati dva.“ Reći četverogodišnjem djetetu da čeka 15 minuta na nešto što voli jednako je kao i reći nama, „Donijet ćemo Vam kavu za dva sata.“ (Smijeh) Upravo jednako.
So what happened when the professor left the room? As soon as the door closed... two out of three ate the marshmallow. Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes. (Laughter) Couldn't do it. Could not wait. What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. Put it back. They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
I, što se dogodilo kada je profesor napustio prostoriju? Čim su se vrata zatvorila... dvoje od troje djece pojelo je sljezov kolačić. pet sekundi, 10 sekundi, 40 sekundi, 50 sekundi, dvije minute, četiri minute, osam minuta. Neki su izdržali 14 i pol minuta. (Smijeh) Nisu mogli. Nisu mogli čekati. Zanimljivo je da bi jedno od troje djece gledalo sljezov kolačić i radilo ovo... Gledalo bi ga. Vratilo ga natrag. Hodalo uokolo. Igrali bi se sa svojim suknjama i hlačama.
That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success, which is the ability to delay gratification. Self-discipline: the most important factor for success. 15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study. What did they find? They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. They were happy. They had their plans. They had good relationships with the teachers, students. They were doing fine.
To dijete već je s četiri godine shvaćalo najvažniji princip za uspjeh. A to je sposobnost odgađanja zadovoljstva. Samodisciplina, najvažniji čimbenik uspjeha. 15 godina kasnije, 14 ili 15 godina kasnije, naknadna studija. Što su otkrili? Otišli su potražiti tu djecu koja su sada imala 18 i 19 godina. I saznali su da je 100 posto one djece koja nisu pojela sljezov kolačić bilo uspješno. Imali su dobre ocjene. Odlično su napredovali. Bili su sretni. Imali su planove. Imali su dobre odnose s učiteljima, studentima. Išlo im je dobro.
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. They did not make it to university. They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. A few were still there with bad grades. A few had good grades.
Velik postotak one djece koja su pojela sljezov kolačić bio je u nevolji. Nisu upisali fakultet. Imali su loše ocjene. Neki od njih odustali su od školovanja. Nekolicina je još bila ondje s lošim ocjenama. A svega nekoliko njih imalo je dobre ocjene.
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. And let me show you what happened.
Palo mi je na pamet pitanje: Bi li i djeca latinoameričkog podrijetla reagirala jednako kao i američka djeca? I onda sam otišao u Kolumbiju. I ponovio eksperiment. I bilo je vrlo smiješno. Koristio sam četverogodišnju, petogodišnju i šestogodišnju djecu. I dopustite mi da vam pokažem što se dogodilo.
(Spanish) (Laughter)
(Smijeh)
So what happened in Colombia? Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow; one out of three did not. This little girl was interesting; she ate the inside of the marshmallow. (Laughter) In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. But she ate it. So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. (Laughter) She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register. But she will be successful.
Dakle, što se dogodilo u Kolumbiji? Latinoamerička djeca, dvoje od troje pojelo je sljezov kolačić. Jedno od troje nije. Ova mala djevojčica bila je zanimljiva. Pojela je unutrašnjost sljezovog kolačića. (Smijeh) Drugim riječima, željela je da mislimo kako ga nije pojela zato da bi dobila dva kolačića. Ali, jela ga je. Mi znamo da će ona biti uspješna. Ali moramo pripaziti na nju. (Smijeh) Ne bi se trebala baviti bankarstvom, na primjer, ili raditi na blagajni. Ali ona će biti uspješna.
And this applies for everything. Even in sales. The sales person that -- the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are." That person ate the marshmallow. If the sales person says, "Wait a second. Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice." Then you sell a lot more. So this has applications in all walks of life.
I ovo se može primijeniti svugdje. Čak i u prodaji. Trgovac koji – Kupac kaže, „Želim to“. Osoba odgovara, „U redu, izvolite.“ Ta je osoba pojela sljezov kolačić. Ako trgovac kaže, „Pričekajte trenutak. Dopustite da Vas pitam nekoliko pitanja da vidimo je li ovo dobar izbor.“ Tada ćete prodati mnogo više. Prema tome, ovo ima primjene u svim aspektima života.
I end with -- the Koreans did this. You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. And we need to learn that principle here in the States, because we have a big debt. We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. Thank you so much.
Završit ću sa – Koreanci su učinili ovo. Znate li što? Ovo je toliko dobro da želimo knjigu o sljezovim kolačićima za djecu. Napravili smo jednu za djecu. I sada je rasprostranjena širom Koreje. Oni uče djecu upravo ovom principu. I mi trebamo naučiti taj princip ovdje u SAD-u. Jer, imamo velik dug. Jedemo više kolačića nego što ih proizvodimo. Hvala Vam puno.