I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. And it was found close to here, Stanford. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, "Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two." To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours." (Laughter) Exact equivalent.
Nandito ako dahil mayroon akong isang mahalagang mensahe: Sa palagay ko nahanap na natin ang susi sa tagumpay. At natagpuan ito malapit dito, sa Stanford. Dinala ng isang propesor ng sikolohiya ang mga batang apat na taong gulang sa isang kuwarto at iniwan sila doon. At sinabi niya sa isang bata, na apat-na-taong gulang, "Johnny, iiwan ko itong marshmallow at aalis ako dito sa loob ng 15 minuto. Kung sa pagbalik ko, nandito pa ang marshmallow, makakakuha ka ng isa pa. Magiging dalawa 'yan." Ang pagsabi sa isang apat-na-taong gulang na maghintay ng 15 minuto para sa isang bagay na gusto nila, ay katumbas ng pagsabi sa atin na, "Dadalhin namin ang inyong kape sa loob ng 2 oras." (Tawanan) Eksaktong katumbas.
So what happened when the professor left the room? As soon as the door closed... two out of three ate the marshmallow. Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes. (Laughter) Couldn't do it. Could not wait. What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. Put it back. They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
Anong nangyari nung umalis ang propesor sa kuwarto? Sa sandaling nagsara ang pinto... Dalawa sa bawat tatlong bata, kinain ang marshmallow. Limang segundo, 10 segundo, 40 segundo, 50 segundo, dalawang minuto, apat na minuto, walong minuto. Ang ilan, nakapagtiis sa loob ng 14-at-kalahating minuto. (Tawanan) Hindi magawa. Hindi makapaghintay. Kapansin-pansin na isa sa bawat tatlo ay tinitigan ang marshmallow at gumanito.. Tinitigan. Ibinalik. Naglakad-lakad sila. Naglaro gamit ang kanilang pantalon at saya.
That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success, which is the ability to delay gratification. Self-discipline: the most important factor for success. 15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study. What did they find? They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. They were happy. They had their plans. They had good relationships with the teachers, students. They were doing fine.
Ang batang iyon, sa edad na 4, ay naunawaan na ang pinakamahalagang prinsipyo ng tagumpay, ang pagpapaliban ng gantimpala. Disiplina sa sarili: ang pinakamahalagang susi sa tagumpay. Matapos ang 15 taon, halos 14 o 15 taon na, isang karugtong na pag-aaral. Ano ang nalaman nila? Hinanap nila ang mga batang iyon na ngayo'y 18 at 19 na. Nalaman nila na 100 porsyento ng mga bata na hindi kinain ang marshmallow ay naging matagumpay. Matataas ang kanilang marka. Kahanga-hanga ang kanilang mga nagawa. Naging masaya sila. Marami silang plano sa buhay. Maganda ang kanilang naging ugnayan sa mga guro at kapwa mag-aaral. Maayos ang kanilang buhay.
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. They did not make it to university. They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. A few were still there with bad grades. A few had good grades.
Sa isang banda, marami sa mga bata na kinain ang marshmallow, maraming naging problema. Hindi sila nakapasok ng kolehiyo. Mababa ang kanilang grado. Nag-drop out ang ilan sa kanila. Ilan sa natira mababa pa rin ang grado. Ang ilan, maganda naman ang grado.
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. And let me show you what happened.
May tanong na bumabagabag sa aking isipan: Magiging magkatulad ba ang resulta kung mga batang Latino sila kaysa sa batang Amerikano? Kaya pumunta ako ng Colombia. At inulit ko ang eksperimento. At naging nakakatuwa naman; ang mga bata ay edad apat, lima, at anim. Hayaan niyong ipakita ko ang mga nangyari.
(Spanish) (Laughter)
(Espanyol) (Tawanan)
So what happened in Colombia? Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow; one out of three did not. This little girl was interesting; she ate the inside of the marshmallow. (Laughter) In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. But she ate it. So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. (Laughter) She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register. But she will be successful.
Anong nangyari sa Colombia? Mga batang Latino, dalawa sa bawat tatlo, kinain ang marshmallow; isa sa bawat tatlo naman ay nakapagtiis. Nakakatuwa ang batang ito; kinain niya ang loob ng marshmallow. (Tawanan) Samakatuwid, gusto niyang isipin natin na hindi niya kinain iyon, para makakuha siya ng isa pa. Pero kinain niya ito. Kaya alam natin na magtatagumpay siya. Ngunit kailangan natin siyang bantayan. (Tawanan) Hindi siya pwede sa banko, halimbawa, o magtrabaho bilang kahera. Pero magtatagumpay siya.
And this applies for everything. Even in sales. The sales person that -- the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are." That person ate the marshmallow. If the sales person says, "Wait a second. Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice." Then you sell a lot more. So this has applications in all walks of life.
Totoo ito kahit saan. Kahit sa pagtitinda. Ipagpalagay natin, isang tindera -- sabi ng customer, "Gusto ko niyan." At sasabihin ng tindera, "Okay, eto na." Kinain ng taong iyon ang marshmallow. Kung sinabi ng tindera, "Teka muna. Tatanungin muna kita upang malaman kung tama nga ang pinili mo." Sigurado mas marami ang benta mo. Nagagamit ito sa lahat ng aspeto ng buhay.
I end with -- the Koreans did this. You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. And we need to learn that principle here in the States, because we have a big debt. We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. Thank you so much.
Tatapusin ko na ito -- ito ay gawa ng mga Korean. Alam mo ba? Sa sobrang tuwa ginusto namin ang isang pambatang libro tungkol sa marshmallow. At gumawa kami ng librong pambata. Nagkalat na ito ngayon sa buong Korea. Tinuturo nila ang prinsipyong ito sa lahat ng bata doon. At kailangan nating matutunan ang prinsipyong iyon dito sa Estados Unidos, dahil malaki ang ating utang. Mas maraming marshmallow ang kinakain natin kaysa sa nagagawa. Maraming salamat.