I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. And it was found close to here, Stanford. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, "Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two." To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours." (Laughter) Exact equivalent.
Ma olen siin, sest mul on väga tähtis teade. Ma arvan, et me oleme leidnud edu kõige olulisema teguri. Ja see leiti siinsamas, Stanfordis. Psühholoogiaprofessor võttis nelja-aastased lapsed ja pani nad omapäi tuppa istuma. Ja ta ütles lapsele, nelja-aastasele juntsule: "Johnny, ma annan sulle ühe vahukommi ja jätan su siia, 15 minutiks. Kui ma tagasi tulen ja vahukomm on alles, siis sa saad teise veel. Nii et sul on siis kaks." Käskida nelja-aastasel lapsel 15 minutit oodata, et midagi head saada, on sama, kui keegi ütleks meile: "Me toome teile kohvi kahe tunni pärast." (Naer) Täpselt sama.
So what happened when the professor left the room? As soon as the door closed... two out of three ate the marshmallow. Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes. (Laughter) Couldn't do it. Could not wait. What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. Put it back. They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
Niisiis, mis juhtus, kui professor ruumist lahkus? Kohe kui uks sulgus... sõid kaks last kolmest vahukommi ära. Viie sekundiga, 10 sekundiga, 40 sekundiga, 50 sekundiga, kahe minutiga, nelja minutiga, kaheksa minutiga. Mõned pidasid 14 ja pool minutit vastu. (Naer) Ei saanud hakkama. Ei suutnud oodata. Aga on huvitav, et üks kolmest piidles vahukommi ja tegi nii... Vaatas seda. Pani selle tagasi. Nad kõndisid ringi. Nad mängisid oma seelikute ja pükstega.
That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success, which is the ability to delay gratification. Self-discipline: the most important factor for success. 15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study. What did they find? They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. They were happy. They had their plans. They had good relationships with the teachers, students. They were doing fine.
Juba see laps, nelja-aastane, mõistis edu kõige tähtsamat printsiipi. Milleks on võime naudingut edasi lükata. Enesedistsipliin, kõige olulisem tegur edu saavutamiseks. 15 aastat hiljem, 14 või 15 aastat hiljem, toimus järeluuring. Mis selgus? Nad otsisid need lapsed üles, kes nüüdseks olid 18- ja 19-aastased. Ja nad leidsid, et sada protsenti nendest lastest, kes vahukommi söömata jätsid, olid edukad. Neil olid head hinded. Neil läks väga hästi. Nad olid õnnelikud. Neil olid eluks mingid plaanid. Neil olid õpetajate ja kaasõpilastega head suhted. Neil läks hästi.
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. They did not make it to university. They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. A few were still there with bad grades. A few had good grades.
Suur osa nendest lastest, kes vahukommi ära sõid, nemad olid jännis. Nad ei läinud ülikooli. Neil olid halvad hinded. Mõned langesid koolist välja. Paar tükki olid halbade hinnetega ikkagi koolis. Mõnedel olid head hinded.
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. And let me show you what happened.
Mul tekkis küsimus: Kas latiino-lapsed reageeriksid samamoodi nagu ameerika lapsed? Nii et ma läksin Kolumbiasse. Ja ma kordasin eksperimenti. Ja see oli väga naljakas. Ma kasutasin nelja-, viie- ja kuueaastaseid lapsi. Ja las ma näitan teile, mis juhtus.
(Spanish) (Laughter)
(Naer)
So what happened in Colombia? Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow; one out of three did not. This little girl was interesting; she ate the inside of the marshmallow. (Laughter) In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. But she ate it. So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. (Laughter) She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register. But she will be successful.
Nii et mis siis Kolumbias juhtus? Latiino-lapsed, kaks kolmest sõid vahukommi ära. Üks kolmest ei söönud. See väike tüdruk oli huvitav. Ta sõi vahukommi sisu ära. (Naer) Teisisõnu, ta tahtis, et me arvaksime, et ta pole seda ära söönud, nii et ta saaks kaks tükki. Aga ta sõi selle ära. Nii et ta on tulevikus kindlasti edukas. Aga tal peab silma peal hoidma. (Naer) Näiteks ta ei tohiks pangandusse minna, ega kassapidajana töötada. Aga ta saab edukas olema.
And this applies for everything. Even in sales. The sales person that -- the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are." That person ate the marshmallow. If the sales person says, "Wait a second. Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice." Then you sell a lot more. So this has applications in all walks of life.
Ja see kehtib igal pool, isegi müügi alal. See müügimees, kes -- Klient ütleb: "Ma tahan vaat seda." Ja müüja ütleb: "Näe, palun väga." See müügimees sõi vahukommi ära. Kui müügimees ütleb: "Üks hetk. Las ma esitan teile kõigepealt paar küsimust, et olla kindel, et te teete hea valiku." Siis sa müüd palju rohkem. Nii et sellel on igal elualal rakendusi.
I end with -- the Koreans did this. You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. And we need to learn that principle here in the States, because we have a big debt. We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. Thank you so much.
Lõpetuseks -- Korealased mõtlesid nii. Teate mis? See on nii hea, et lastel võiks olla vahukommide-teemaline raamat. Nii et me koostasimegi ühe lasteraamatu. Ja nüüd on see üle kogu Korea levinud. Nad õpetavad lastele täpselt seda printsiipi. Ja siin, Ühendriikides, peame me ka seda printsiipi õppima. Sest meil on suured võlad. Me sööme rohkem vahukomme, kui me toodame. Tänan teid väga.