Ovdje sam jer imam veoma važnu poruku. Mislim da smo pronašli najvažniji faktor uspjeha. To se desilo ovdje blizu, u Stanfordu. Profesor psihologije je uzeo četverogodišnju djecu i ostavio ih same u sobi. I rekao bi četverogodišnjem djetetu, "Johnny, ostaviću vas ovdje sa kolačićem, 15 minuta. Ako ovaj kolačić bude ovdje kad se vratim, dobit' ćete još jedan. Tada ćete imati dva." Reći četverogodišnjem djetetu da čeka 15 minuta zbog nečega što voli, je isto kao da se nama kaže "Donijećemo vam kafu za dva sata." (Smijeh) Tačna usporedba.
I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. And it was found close to here, Stanford. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, "Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here, you will get another one. So you will have two." To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours." (Laughter) Exact equivalent.
Šta se dogodilo kada je profesor otišao iz sobe? Čim su se vrata zatvorila... dvoje od troje djece su pojeli kolačić. Pet sekundi, 10 sekundi, 40 sekundi, 50 sekundi, dvije minute, četiri minute, osam minuta. Neki su izdržali 14 i pol minuta. (Smijeh) Nisu to mogli učiniti. Nisu mogli čekati. Ono što je interesantno jeste da bi jedno od troje posmatralo kolačić i ponašalo se ovako ... Posmatralo bi ga. Vratilo bi ga nazad. Hodali bi uokolo. Igrali bi se sa svojim suknjicama i hlačicama.
So what happened when the professor left the room? As soon as the door closed... two out of three ate the marshmallow. Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds, two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes. Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes. (Laughter) Couldn't do it. Could not wait. What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. Put it back. They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
To četverogodišnje dijete je već razumjelo najvažniji princip uspjeha. To je sposobnost odgađanja zadovoljstva. Samodisciplina, je najvažniji faktor uspjeha. Petnaest godina kasnije, 14 ili 15 godina kasnije, dodatno istraživanje. Šta su otkrili? Otišli su pronaći ovu djecu koja su sada imala 18 i 19 godina. I otkrili su da je 100 posto djece koja nisu pojela kolačić uspješna. Imali su dobre ocjene. Odlično su napredovali. Bili su sretni. Imali su planove. Bili su u dobrim odnosima sa profesorima, studentima. Odlično su napredovali.
That child already, at four, understood the most important principle for success, which is the ability to delay gratification. Self-discipline: the most important factor for success. 15 years later, 14 or 15 years later, follow-up study. What did they find? They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. They had good grades. They were doing wonderful. They were happy. They had their plans. They had good relationships with the teachers, students. They were doing fine.
Veliki procenat djece koja su pojela kolačić, su imali poteškoće. Nisu upisali fakultet. Imali su loše ocjene. Neki su odustali od škole. Neki su još uvijek pohađali školu sa lošim ocjenama. Neki su imali dobre ocjene.
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. They did not make it to university. They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out. A few were still there with bad grades. A few had good grades.
Pitao sam se: Da li bi djeca latinoameričkog porijekla reagirala na isti način kao i američka djeca? Zato sam otišao u univerzitet Kolumbiju. I ponovio sam eksperiment. I to je bilo veoma smiješno. Uzeo sam četverogodišnjake, petogodišnjake i šestogodišnjake. I dozvolite mi da vam pokažem šta se dogodilo.
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids react the same way as the American kids? So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment. And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids. And let me show you what happened.
(Smijeh)
(Spanish) (Laughter)
I šta se dogodilo u Kolumbiji? Latinoamerička djeca, dvoje od troje djece, je pojeo kolačiće. Jedno od troje nije. Ova mala djevojčica je interesantna. Ona je pojela unutrašnjost kolačića. (Smijeh) Drugim riječima, ona je željela da pomislimo da ga nije pojela, kako bi dobila dva kolačića. Ali, ona ga je ipak pojela. Tako da znamo da će ona biti uspješna. Ali je moramo posmatrati. (Smijeh) Ona se ne bi trebala baviti bankarstvom, naprimjer, ili raditi kao blagajnica. Ali će biti uspješna.
So what happened in Colombia? Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow; one out of three did not. This little girl was interesting; she ate the inside of the marshmallow. (Laughter) In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two. But she ate it. So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her. (Laughter) She should not go into banking, for example, or work at a cash register. But she will be successful.
I ovo se primjenjuje svugdje. Čak i u trgovini. Trgovac kojem -- klijent kaže, "Želim to." a ta osoba odgovara, "U redu, izvolite." Ta osoba je pojela kolačić. Ako prodavač kaže,"Sačekajte malo. Dozvolite mi da vam postavim nekoliko pitanja da vidimo da li je ovo dobar izbor." Tada ćete prodati više. Prema tome, ovo se može primjeniti u svim sferama života.
And this applies for everything. Even in sales. The sales person that -- the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are." That person ate the marshmallow. If the sales person says, "Wait a second. Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice." Then you sell a lot more. So this has applications in all walks of life.
Završiću sa – Korejanci su ovo također uradili. Znate li to? Ovo je tako dobro da želimo Knjigu o kolačiću za djecu. Napravili smo jednu za djecu. I sada je rasprostranjena širom Koreje. Oni podučavaju ovu djecu upravo ovom principu. I mi trebamo naučiti taj princip ovdje u SAD-u. Jer imamo veliki dug. Konzumiramo više kolačića nego što proizvodimo. Hvala puno.
I end with -- the Koreans did this. You know what? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children. We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea. They are teaching these kids exactly this principle. And we need to learn that principle here in the States, because we have a big debt. We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing. Thank you so much.