As a matter of fact, I was trying to think about my career since I left the White House, and the best example I have is a cartoon in The New Yorker a couple of years ago. This little boy is looking up at his father, and he says, "Daddy, when I grow up, I want to be a former president."
其实说起来吧, 自从离开白宫之后我就一直在回忆自己的职业生涯, 而我所能想到最有代表性的一个例子便是我几年前在纽约客上看到的一则漫画。 有小男孩抬头看着他的爸爸, 然后说道:“爸爸,等我长大了,我想成为一位前总统。”
(Laughter)
(笑声)
Well, I have had a great blessing as a former president, because I have had an access that very few other people in the world have ever had to get to know so many people around this whole universe. Not only am I familiar with the 50 states in the United States, but also my wife and I have visited more than 145 countries in the world, and the Carter Center has had full-time programs in 80 nations on Earth. And a lot of times, when we go into a country, we not only the meet the king or the president, but we also meet the villagers who live in the most remote areas of Africa.
好吧,作为一个前总统,我很有福气, 因为我有些资源 一些很少有人可以得到的资源 它让我有机会去认识这个宇宙中很多形形色色的人们。 我不仅仅只对美利坚合众国的50个州了如指掌, 我和我的妻子还游历过世界上超过145个国家和地区, 并且卡特中心在全球近80个国家都设立了自己的全职机构与项目。 很多时候,当我们拜访一个国家的时候, 我们不光会见到那个国家的国王或者总统, 我们也会见到那些生活在一些非洲国家最为偏远地区的村民们。
So our overall commitment at the Carter Center is to promote human rights, and knowing the world as I do, I can tell you without any equivocation that the number one abuse of human rights on Earth is, strangely, not addressed quite often, is the abuse of women and girls.
所以总体来说卡特中心的宗旨 就是去促进人权平等, 而根据我对于这个世界的了解,我可以毫不犹豫地告诉你 这个地球上人权最不受保护的群体 虽然很多人不曾在意,恰恰就是那些妇女和少女们。
(Applause)
(掌声)
There are a couple of reasons for this that I'll mention to begin with. First of all is the misinterpretation of religious scriptures, holy scriptures, in the Bible, Old Testament, New Testament, Quran and so forth, and these have been misinterpreted by men who are now in the ascendant positions in the synagogues and the churches and in the mosques. And they interpret these rules to make sure that women are ordinarily relegated to a secondary position compared to men in the eyes of God.
那我就先说说导致这一现象的几个主要原因吧。 首先便是人们对于宗教经文的误解,那些神圣的经典, 如圣经,旧约,新约,古兰经等等, 这些经典被当今占据着主导地位的男性们曲解 无论这些误解是发生在犹太教堂,天主教堂亦或是清真寺中。 他们诠释这些教条以确保女性们 会被降到一个二等的社会地位上 至少在上帝眼中与男性比起来是这样的。
This is a very serious problem. It's ordinarily not addressed. A number of years ago, in the year 2000, I had been a Baptist, a Southern Baptist for 70 years -- I tell you, I still teach Sunday school every Sunday; I'll be teaching this Sunday as well -- but the Southern Baptist Convention in the year 2000 decided that women should play a secondary position, a subservient position to men. So they issued an edict, in effect, that prevents women from being priests, pastors, deacons in the church, or chaplains in the military, and if a woman teaches a classroom in a Southern Baptist seminary, they cannot teach if a boy is in the room, because you can find verses in the Bible, there's over 30,000 verses in the Bible, that say that a woman shouldn't teach a man, and so forth. But the basic thing is the scriptures are misinterpreted to keep men in an ascendant position. That is an all-pervasive problem, because men can exert that power and if an abusive husband or an employer, for instance, wants to cheat women, they can say that if women are not equal in the eyes of God, why should I treat them as equals myself? Why should I pay them equal pay for doing the same kind of work?
这是一个很严肃的问题。可是这个问题却没有得到应有的重视。 几年前,应该是2000年的时候, 我已经做了70年的浸礼会教友,一个南方浸礼会教友—— 我这么和你说吧,我到现在每周日还会去主日学校教书; 我这周日也会去教—— 但是南方浸礼会委员会于2000年决定 女性只能诠释一个二等的角色与地位, 一个顺从于男性的角色。 所以他们出台并生效了一条法令, 阻止女性在天主教堂中成为祭司,牧师和辅祭, 或在军队中成为行军牧师, 并且就算一位女性要为一个班级提供教育 那么在一个南方浸礼会神学院中 只要班里有男生那么这位女性就不能担任这个班的教师, 因为在圣经中找到相关的教条, 在圣经中有超过30,000行的经文, 告诫人们一个女人是不可以教育一个男人的,等等等等。 但是这些经文都被曲解了 仅仅只是为了保证男性可以占据主导地位。 这是一个随处可见的问题, 因为男性可以行使这种权利 比如说,如果一个滥用这种权利的丈夫或者男性雇主,想要欺骗一个女人, 他们可以说如果在上帝眼中男女本是不平等的, 那我们又为什么要平等地对待女性呢? 就算她们和我们做着一样的工作我又为什么要付一样的薪水?
The other very serious blight that causes this problem is the excessive resort to violence, and that is increasing tremendously around the world. In the United States of America, for instance, we have had an enormous increase in abuse of poor people, mostly black people and minorities, by putting them in prison. When I was in office as governor of Georgia, one out of every 1,000 Americans were in prison. Nowadays, 7.3 people per 1,000 are in prison. That's a sevenfold increase. And since I left the White House, there's been an 800 percent increase in the number of women who are black who are in prison. We also have [one of the only countries] on Earth that still has the death penalty that is a developed country. And we rank right alongside the countries that are most abusive in all elements of human rights in encouraging the death penalty. We're in California now, and I figured out the other day that California has spent four billion dollars in convicting 13 people for the death penalty. If you add that up, that's 307 million dollars it costs California to send a person to be executed. Nebraska this week just passed a law abolishing the death penalty, because it costs so much. (Applause) So the resort to violence and abuse of poor people and helpless people is another cause of the increase in abuse of women.
另一个十分严肃的困境 便是过渡诉诸于暴力所导致的问题, 而这个问题在全世界正以惊人的速度的增长。 以美利坚合众国为例,我们看到了 对于那些穷人不断加剧的虐待, 比如把大量的黑人和其他少数群体关进监狱。 当我还在乔治亚州政厅里担任州长一职时, 每1,000个美国公民中就有一个被关在监狱里。 如今,每1,000人中就有7.3人被关在监狱里。 这个数据增长了7倍多。 并且自从我离开白宫, 那些被关在监狱里的黑人女性的数量, 增长了百分之800. 而在地球上为数不多的几个国家还保有死刑, 作为发达国家的美国也是其中之一。 我们因为鼓励死刑 所以经常与最肆意践踏人权的国家被一并提起 我们现在身在加州,而我前几天刚刚发现, 加州花了四十亿美元 来判决13个死刑犯。 如果你自己算一下,那么加州政府平均花了3亿7百万美元 来处决一个人。 内布拉斯加本周刚刚通过了死刑废除法案, 因为这实在是花销太大了。(掌声) 所以诉诸于对那些贫穷无助的人的虐待与暴力行为 是导致更多女性受到虐待另一个原因。
Let me just go down a very few abuses of women that concern me most, and I'll be fairly brief, because I have a limited amount of time, as you know.
让我就来举几个最让我担忧的女性受到虐待的案例吧, 当然我会尽可能简短一些,正如你所知,时间有限。
One is genital mutilation. Genital mutilation is horrible and not known by American women, but in some countries, many countries, when a child is born that's a girl, very soon in her life, her genitals are completely cut away by a so-called cutter who has a razor blade and, in a non-sterilized way, they remove the exterior parts of a woman's genitalia. And sometimes, in more extreme cases but not very rare cases, they sew the orifice up so the girl can just urinate or menstruate. And then later, when she gets married, the same cutter goes in and opens the orifice up so she can have sex. This is not a rare thing, although it's against the law in most countries. In Egypt, for instance, 91 percent of all the females that live in Egypt today have been sexually mutilated in that way. In some countries, it's more than 98 percent of the women are cut that way before they reach maturity. This is a horrible affliction on all women that live in those countries.
首先便是生殖器切割。 生殖器切割很恐怖,尽管美国女性们可能对之并不了解, 但是在很多别的国家, 当一个新生儿被确定为女性之后, 很快就会出现一个所谓的切割者把她的生殖器割下来 而且就是用一把剃刀在一个很不卫生的环境下进行手术, 他们以此切除了女性生殖器的外阴部分。 而且有时候,在更加极端但却不是很少见的情况下, 他们会把女孩的阴道口缝起来以致于她只能排尿与排经。 当那个女孩结婚以后,那个切割者又会回来 把那个口重新打开她才可以有正常的性行为。 尽管这样的行为在很多国家都是违法的,但是它并不是偶发事件 比如说,在埃及, 如今在埃及 91%的女性 都曾以这种方式切割过生殖器。 在一些国家,有超过98%的 女性在她们性成熟之前被这样切割过。 这对于生活在那些国家的所有女性来说 是一种痛苦的折磨。
Another very serious thing is honor killings, where a family with misinterpretation, again, of a holy scripture -- there's nothing in the Quran that mandates this -- will execute a girl in their family if she is raped or if she marries a man that her father does not approve, or sometimes even if she wears inappropriate clothing. And this is done by members of her own family, so the family becomes murderers when the girl brings so-called disgrace to the family. An analysis was done in Egypt not so long ago by the United Nations and it showed that 75 percent of these murders of a girl are perpetrated by the father, the uncle or the brother, but 25 percent of the murders are conducted by women.
另外一件非常严肃的事便是所谓的名誉屠杀, 这其实也是一个家庭,对于那些宗教经典的又一次误读—— 古兰经里没有任何一条规定—— 一个女孩可以在自己的家里被处决 假如她被强暴 或者她和一个她父亲不认可的男人结婚, 或者有时候仅仅只是因为她着装不得体。 而这些杀戮都是由她的亲人来完成, 当这个女孩做了所谓的给她家庭抹黑的行为的时候 她的家人便会结束她的生命。 不久前联合国在埃及地区做了一个分析调查 报告表明这些被谋杀的女孩有75% 是被她们的父亲,叔叔或者兄弟杀害的, 而另外25%的谋杀则是别的女性动手的。
Another problem that we have in the world that relates to women particularly is slavery, or human trafficking it's called nowadays. There were about 12.5 million people sold from Africa into slavery in the New World back in the 19th century and the 18th century. There are 30 million people now living in slavery. The United States Department of State now has a mandate from Congress to give a report every year, and the State Department reports that 800,000 people are sold across international borders every year into slavery, and that 80 percent of those sold are women, into sexual slavery. In the United States right this moment, 60,000 people are living in human bondage, or slavery. Atlanta, Georgia, where the Carter Center is located and where I teach at Emory University, they have between 200 and 300 women, people sold into slavery every month. It's the number one place in the nation because of that. Atlanta has the busiest airport in the world, and they also have a lot of passengers that come from the Southern Hemisphere. If a brothel owner wants to buy a girl that has brown or black skin, they can do it for 1,000 dollars. A white-skinned girl brings several times more than that, and the average brothel owner in Atlanta and in the United States now can earn about $35,000 per slave. The sex trade in Atlanta, Georgia, exceeds the total drug trade in Atlanta, Georgia. So this is another very serious problem, and the basic problem is prostitution, because there's not a whorehouse in America that's not known by the local officials, the local policemen, or the chief of police or the mayor and so forth.
我们如今所处的世界的另一个问题 特别是和女性有关的便是奴隶制, 或者用现在的术语来讲就是所谓的人口贩卖。 在所谓新世界的18到19世纪之间。 非洲输出了1250万的奴隶 现在全球有3000万人生活在奴隶制中。 现在美国国务院已经得到了国会的授权 将会每年发布报告, 而国务院如今的报告称每年有80,000人 被卖过国境 成为奴隶 而这之中有80%是女性, 最终沦落为性奴。 此时此刻的美国, 有60,000人是被枷锁束缚或者是以奴隶的身份存活的。 在亚特兰大,乔治亚那些卡特中心办事处的所在地 以及我曾经教过书的埃默里大学地区, 每个月有200到300名女性被当作奴隶买卖。 因此这些地方(奴隶数)也是在全国排名第一的。 亚特兰大有世界上最繁忙的机场。 这些机场会接待很多从南半球飞来此地的旅客。 如果一个妓院老板 想要买入一个棕色或者黑色皮肤的女孩, 他们只需花去1,000美元。 一个白人女孩可能值这个价钱的几倍, 而平均下来一个在亚特兰大或者说在美国任意地点的妓院老板 可以从每个奴隶身上榨取35,000美元的利益。 在亚特兰大,乔治亚州,性交易已经超过了这两个州的毒品交易总额 所以这又是一个很严重的问题,而这之中最基本的问题便是卖淫, 因为在美国没有一个妓院 是不被当地的官员, 当地的警员,警官或者是市长等人所熟知的。
And this leads to one of the worst problems, and that is that women are bought increasingly and put into sexual slavery in all countries in the world.
这便带来了最严重的问题之一, 越来越多的女性被买卖成为性奴 而这在全世界的各个国家都有发生。
Sweden has got a good approach to it. About 15 to 20 years ago, Sweden decided to change the law, and women are no longer prosecuted if they are in sexual slavery, but the brothel owners and the pimps and the male customers are prosecuted, and -- (Applause) -- prostitution has gone down. In the United States, we take just the opposite position. For every male arrested for illegal sex trade, 25 women are arrested in the United States of America. Canada, Ireland, I've already said Sweden, France, and other countries are moving now towards this so-called Swedish model. That's another thing that can be done.
瑞典对此便有一个很好的对策。 15到20年前,瑞典人决定修改法律条例, 以性奴的身份被逼卖淫的女性将不会被起诉 而那些妓院的拥有者和拉皮条的以及男性顾客则将被起诉, 并且——(掌声)——卖淫的犯罪率因此下降了。 然而在美国我们却站在了完全相反的立场。 当一位男性因为非法性交易而被捕的同时, 在美国就有25名女性因卖淫被捕。 加拿大,爱尔兰,还有我刚刚说过的瑞典, 法国以及很多其他的国家正在逐步向所谓的“瑞典方案”靠拢。 这是另一件人们可以做的事。 在这个国家我们有两个使我们自豪的机构:
We have two great institutions in this country that all of us admire: our military and our great university system. In the military, they are now analyzing how many sexual assaults take place. The last report I got, there were 26,000 sexual assaults that took place in the military -- 26,000. Only 3,000, not much more than 1 percent, are actually prosecuted, and the reason is that the commanding officer of any organization -- a ship like my submarine, or a battalion in the Army or a company in the Marines -- the commanding officer has the right under law to decide whether to prosecute a rapist or not, and of course, the last thing they want is for anybody to know that under their command, sexual assaults are taking place, so they do not do it. That law needs to be changed.
我们的军队和我们完善的大学系统。 有人正在纪录分析在军队里性侵发生的数量。 我上次接到的报告称,总共有26,000起性侵 在军队里发生—— 26,000起。 只有3,000起,不超过总数的1%,最终是被起诉的, 这是因为任何一个组织的领导官兵, 如以我的名字命名的潜水艇或者陆军中的一个营 或者海军陆战队中的一个排—— 指挥官兵在法律上来说有权力决定 要不要起诉一个强奸犯, 而他们当然最不想让别人知道的事 便是在他们的领导下有强奸案发生, 所以他们决定不起诉强奸犯。 这样的法律需要改变。
About one out of four girls who enter American universities will be sexually assaulted before she graduates, and this is now getting a lot of publicity, partially because of my book, but other things, and so 89 universities in America are now condemned by the Department of Education under Title IX because the officials of the universities are not taking care of the women to protect them from sexual assault. The Department of Justice says that more than half of the rapes on a college campus take place by serial rapists, because outside of the university system, if they rape somebody, they'll be prosecuted, but when they get on a university campus, they can rape with impunity. They're not prosecuted. Those are the kinds of things that go on in our society.
每四个入读美国大学的女孩中就有一个 在她毕业之前会遭受性侵犯, 这一现象如今得到了公众越来越多的关注, 一部分原因是我的书,但也有别的原因, 美国境内现在有89所大学 正被教育部以教育修正案第九条法规谴责 因为这些大学的官员没有照顾好那些女性 使她们远离性侵犯。 司法部称超过一半的校园强奸案 是由连环强奸犯实施的, 因为在大学的系统以外, 如果他们强奸某人,他们便会被起诉, 然而当他们在大学校园里犯案时,他们可以被免罪。 他们不会被起诉。 这就是我们的社会中正在发生的事。
Another thing that's very serious about the abuse of women and girls is the lack of equal pay for equal work, as you know. (Applause) And this is sometimes misinterpreted, but for full-time employment, a woman in the United States now gets 23 percent less than a man. When I became president, the difference was 39 percent. So we've made some progress, partially because I was president and so forth -- (Applause) (Laughter) -- but in the last 15 years, there's been no progress made, so it's been just about 23 or 24 percent difference for the last 15 years. These are the kind of things that go on. If you take the Fortune 500 companies, 23 of them have women CEOs, out of 500, and those CEOs, I need not tell you, make less on an average than the other CEOs. Well, that's what goes on in our country.
另外一件有关对于侵犯女性(与女孩)权益的事情 便是她们努力完成一样的工作量却不能得到一样的薪水, 就像你知道的那样。(掌声) 有时这一现象会被误读,但是对于全职工作者来说, 在美国一名女性比一名男性要少获得23%的薪水。 当我成为总统时,这一差别为39%。 所以我们有一些进步,部分原因是我当时任职总统 以及其他种种——(掌声)(笑声)—— 但是在过去的15年里,我们没有任何进步, 在过去的15年里, 这一差别一直停留在23%与24%之间。 这一类的事情还有很多。 如果你去看一下世界500强企业, 只有23家公司的首席执行官是女性, 在500家之中, 而这些女性首席执行官, 平均赚得还是 比男性首席执行官要少。 尽管无奈,这就是在我们国家发生的事。
Another problem with the United States is we are the most warlike nation on Earth. We have been to war with about 25 different countries since the Second World War. Sometimes, we've had soldiers on the ground fighting. The other times, we've been flying overhead dropping bombs on people. Other times, of course, now, we have drones that attack people and so forth. We've been at war with 25 different countries or more since the Second World War. There was four years, I won't say which ones, where we didn't -- (Applause) -- we didn't drop a bomb, we didn't launch a missile, we didn't fire a bullet. But anyway, those kinds of things, the resort to violence and the misinterpretation of the holy scriptures are what causes, are the basic causes, of abuse of women and girls.
美国的另外一个问题便是 我们是这个地球上最好战的国家。 我们从第二次世界大战后 又陆续与25个不同的国家交战过。 有时,我们派出陆地部队在地面上作战。 别的时候,我们则在天上飞来飞去 在人们上方扔下炸弹. 当然了,现在我们有了无人机来攻击敌军以及其他的军事手段。 我们自从第二次世界大战后 与超过25个不同的国家地区交战。 不过这中间有四年,我就不说是哪四年了, 我们没有和(他国交战)—— (掌声)——我们没有丢下一个炸弹,我们没有发射一枚导弹, 我们没有射出一颗子弹。 不过不管怎么说,这些事情,诉诸于暴力的手段 以及那些对于圣经典故的曲解 是导致,而且是从根本上导致对于女性(和女孩)的人权侵犯的原因。
There's one more basic cause that I need not mention, and that is that in general, men don't give a damn. (Applause) That's true. The average man that might say, I'm against the abuse of women and girls quietly accepts the privileged position that we occupy, and this is very similar to what I knew when I was a child, when separate but equal had existed. Racial discrimination, legally, had existed for 100 years, from 1865 at the end of the War Between the States, the Civil War, all the way up to the 1960s, when Lyndon Johnson got the bills passed for equal rights. But during that time, there were many white people that didn't think that racial discrimination was okay, but they stayed quiet, because they enjoyed the privileges of better jobs, unique access to jury duty, better schools, and everything else, and that's the same thing that exists today, because the average man really doesn't care. Even though they say, "I'm against discrimination against girls and women," they enjoy a privileged position. And it's very difficult to get the majority of men who control the university system, the majority of men that control the military system, the majority of men that control the governments of the world, and the majority of men that control the great religions.
还有另外一个更加根本的原因我甚至都不需要说了, 那就是总体上来说,男人们根本不在乎这些。 (掌声)这是事实。 一个男人平时可能会说,我反对侵犯女性权益 却与此同时悄悄地享受着我们(男人)享有着的特权, 而这和我小时候的认知十分相像, 当“隔离但平等”还存在着。 种族歧视,合法地,存在过100年, 从1865年,南北战争---也就是内战结束的时候, 一直到1960年代, 当Lyndon Johnson通过了法案 授权了平等权利。 然而在那段时间,有许多白人公民 他们并不认可种族歧视, 但是他们却保持了沉默, 因为他们享受着能够拥有一份更好的工作的特权, 更容易得到参与陪审团的渠道, 更好的学校,以及其他种种, 而一模一样的情况也在当今社会发生, 因为一个平常的男人真的不关心。 即使他们会说,“我反对歧视女性,” 他们喜欢拥有特权的感觉。 因为非常困难的一件事便是让大部分的男人 那些掌管着整个大学系统的人们, 大部分的掌管着军队系统的男人们, 大部分掌管着世界各地政府机关的男人们, 以及大部分控制着伟大的宗教信仰的男人们。
So what is the basic thing that we need to do today? I would say the best thing that we could do today is for the women in the powerful nations like this one, and where you come from, Europe and so forth, who have influence and who have freedom to speak and to act, need to take the responsibility on yourselves to be more forceful in demanding an end to racial discrimination against girls and women all over the world. The average woman in Egypt doesn't have much to say about her daughters getting genitally mutilated and so forth. I didn't even go down to detail about that. But I hope that out of this conference, that every woman here will get your husbands to realize that these abuses on the college campuses and the military and so forth and in the future job market, need to protect your daughters and your granddaughters.
那么我们现如今要做的最基本的事是什么? 我认为我们现如今所能做的最好的事 就是让那些强大国家里的女性们 比如美国,你们大部分人的祖国, 以及那些欧洲国家里,那些有影响力的,有自由去发表意见和采取行动的女性, 去承担起她们的责任 去变得更加的坚决与强硬 来终止对于女孩与女人的歧视 在全世界范围内实现这一点。 一位生活在埃及的女性 对于她的女儿的生殖器被切割等事 没有太多的话语权。 我就不需要再去展开具体细节了。 但是我希望在这次研讨会后, 这里的每一位女性都可以让你们的丈夫意识到 那些在大学校园里和在军队中发生的虐待 以及在未来的求职市场, 你们应该有所行动来保护你们的女儿们和孙女们的权益。
I have 12 grandchildren, four children, and 10 great-grandchildren, and I think often about them and about the plight that they will face in America, not only if they lived in Egypt or a foreign country, in having equal rights, and I hope that all of you will join me in being a champion for women and girls around the world and protect their human rights. Thank you very much. (Applause)
我有12个孙辈,四个孩子,以及10个曾孙, 我常常挂念着他们 想象他们今后在美国将会面临的困境, 更不要说如果他们以后会生活在埃及以及其他的异国他乡, 要如何追求拥有同等权益, 我希望你们都可以来加入我 成为全世界的女性与女孩的权益拥护者 去维护他们的人权, 非常感谢你们。 (掌声)