My first love was for the night sky. Love is complicated.
Moja prva ljubav bila je noćno nebo. Ljubav je komplikovana.
You're looking at a fly-through of the Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field, one of the most distant images of our universe ever observed. Everything you see here is a galaxy, comprised of billions of stars each. And the farthest galaxy is a trillion, trillion kilometers away.
Gledate u leteći prikaz ultra-dubokog polja svemirskog teleskopa Habl, jednu od slika najudaljenijeg svemira koji je ikada viđen. Sve što vidite ovde je galaksija, a svaka od njih sastavljena je od nekoliko milijardi zvezda. Najudaljenija galaksija udaljena je na trilione, trilione kilometara.
As an astrophysicist, I have the awesome privilege of studying some of the most exotic objects in our universe. The objects that have captivated me from first crush throughout my career are supermassive, hyperactive black holes. Weighing one to 10 billion times the mass of our own sun, these galactic black holes are devouring material, at a rate of upwards of 1,000 times more than your "average" supermassive black hole. (Laughter)
Kao astrofizičarka, imam jedinstvenu privilegiju da izučavam neke od najegzotičnijih objekata u našem svemiru. Objekti koji su me očarali od prvog zaljubljivanja kroz karijeru su supermasivne, hiperaktivne crne rupe. Težine od jedne do 10 milijardi puta mase našeg Sunca, ove svemirske crne rupe proždiru materijal brzinom 1000 puta većom od „prosečne" supermasivne crne rupe. (Smeh)
These two characteristics, with a few others, make them quasars. At the same time, the objects I study are producing some of the most powerful particle streams ever observed. These narrow streams, called jets, are moving at 99.99 percent of the speed of light, and are pointed directly at the Earth.
Ove dve karakteristike, sa još par njih, čine ih kvazarima. U isto vreme, objekti koje proučavam proizvode neke od najsnažnijih struja čestica koje su ikada uočene. Ove uske struje, nazvane mlazovi, kreću se na 99,99 posto brzine svetlosti i usmerene su direktno na Zemlju.
These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive and supermassive black holes are called blazars, or blazing quasars. What makes blazars so special is that they're some of the universe's most efficient particle accelerators, transporting incredible amounts of energy throughout a galaxy.
Ove hiperaktive i supermasivne crne rupe sa mlazevima uperenim ka Zemlji nazivaju se blazari ili plamteći kvazari. Ono što blazare čini posebnima je da su jedni od svemirskih najefikasijih akceleratora čestica, i transportuju neverovatne količine energije kroz galaksiju.
Here, I'm showing an artist's conception of a blazar. The dinner plate by which material falls onto the black hole is called the accretion disc, shown here in blue. Some of that material is slingshotted around the black hole and accelerated to insanely high speeds in the jet, shown here in white. Although the blazar system is rare, the process by which nature pulls in material via a disk, and then flings some of it out via a jet, is more common. We'll eventually zoom out of the blazar system to show its approximate relationship to the larger galactic context.
Ovde vam pokazujem umetnički prikaz blazara. Tanjir sa kog materijal pada u crnu rupu naziva se akrecioni disk, ovde prikazan plavom bojom. Neki od tih materijala snažno su povučeni oko crne rupe i ubrzavaju do ludački velikih brzina u mlazu, prikazanom belom bojom ovde. Iako je sistem blazara redak, proces u kom priroda povlači materijal putem diska a zatim ga delimično izbacuje kroz mlaz mnogo je češći. Konačno ćemo se udaljiti od sistema blazara da bismo pokazali njihov okvirni odnos prema širem galaktičkom kontekstu.
Beyond the cosmic accounting of what goes in to what goes out, one of the hot topics in blazar astrophysics right now is where the highest-energy jet emission comes from. In this image, I'm interested in where this white blob forms and if, as a result, there's any relationship between the jet and the accretion disc material.
Osim svemirskog računanja šta ide unutra, a šta van, jedna od gorućih tema trenutno u astrofizici blazara je - odakle dolazi visoko-energetska emisija mlaza. Na ovoj slici, interesuje me gde se ova bela grudvica formira i da li, kao rezultat, postoji bilo kakva veza između mlaza i materije akrecionog diska.
Clear answers to this question were almost completely inaccessible until 2008, when NASA launched a new telescope that better detects gamma ray light -- that is, light with energies a million times higher than your standard x-ray scan. I simultaneously compare variations between the gamma ray light data and the visible light data from day to day and year to year, to better localize these gamma ray blobs. My research shows that in some instances, these blobs form much closer to the black hole than we initially thought.
Jasni odgovori na ovo pitanje bili su skoro kompletno nepristupačni do 2008. godine, kada je NASA lansirala novi teleskop koji bolje detektuje svetlost gama zraka, to jest, svetlost sa milion puta većim energijama nego standardni rendgen. Istovremeno upoređujem varijacije između podataka o svetlosti gama zraka i podataka o vidljivoj svetlosti iz dana u dan i iz godine u godinu da bismo bolje lokalizovali ove grudvice gama zraka. Moje istraživanje pokazuje da su u nekim prilikama ove grudvice mnogo bliže nego što smo ispočetka mislili.
As we more confidently localize where these gamma ray blobs are forming, we can better understand how jets are being accelerated, and ultimately reveal the dynamic processes by which some of the most fascinating objects in our universe are formed.
Dok lokalizujemo sve sigurnije gde se grudvice gama zraka formiraju, možemo bolje razumeti kako se mlazevi ubrzavaju i konačno otkriti dinamičke procese pomoću kojih su stvoreni neki od najfascinantnijih objekata u svemiru.
This all started as a love story. And it still is. This love transformed me from a curious, stargazing young girl to a professional astrophysicist, hot on the heels of celestial discovery. Who knew that chasing after the universe would ground me so deeply to my mission here on Earth. Then again, when do we ever know where love's first flutter will truly take us.
Sve ovo je počelo kao ljubavna priča, a i dalje je tako. Ta ljubav me je preobratila iz radoznale devojčice zagledane u zvezde u profesionalnu astrofizičarku koja je u potrazi za nebeskim otkrićima. Ko je mogao da pogodi da će me jurnjava za svemirom toliko duboko vezati za moju misiju ovde na Zemlji. Sa druge strane, da li ikada znamo gde će nas prvi ljubavni treptaj zaista odvesti?
Thank you.
Hvala vam.
(Applause)
(Aplauz)