Here's what gives me hope for humanity. I believe that we can change our human nature for the better. This chance is unique. It's where we stand in history right now. No other generation has stood here before us.
我覺得人類還有希望。 [珍妮特•溫特森] 我相信我們可以改變人性以求更佳。 [2022年4月 溫哥華] 機會獨一無二。 [TED錄製] 就是歷史長流中的此刻。 此前,從沒有那個時代可以走到今天。
Homo sapiens has been around for about 300,000 years. Other humanoid life forms have come and gone. We find their traces. We search for their stories. But we are the success story. We've survived natural disasters, famines, floods, earthquakes, plagues, woolly mammoths, mess-ups of our own making. We're smart, no question. The question is: Are we smart enough to survive how smart we are? It's not looking so good just now, is it?
智人至今已經約三十萬年了。 其他類人的生物型態時隱時現。 我們發現他們的蹤跡。 我們搜尋他們。 但只有我們是成功的。 我們生存至今, 即使有自然災害、飢荒、洪水、地震、瘟疫, 毛茸茸的猛瑪象因為我們而滅絕。 我們很聰明,不容置疑。 問題是:我們是否足夠聰明以倖存於聰明反被聰明誤呢? 現階段不太看好,對吧?
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
We stand facing the possibility of global conflict. If that happens, it will be our Third World War in not much more than 100 years. If Putin's violence stops today, the problem doesn't go away. As across the globe dictatorism threatens democracy. I wonder whether as a species we can survive any of this, even if those threats disappear. Those living inside the snow globe of their magical thinking will not be insulated against the facts of climate breakdown. And yet, still, we go on heating up the planet. Still we go on polluting the earth. Still we despoil our precious natural resources.
我們有面對全球衝突的可能。 如果發生了, 將會是第三次世界大戰。 還不到一百年的時間。 即使普丁的暴力行為現在停止, 問題依然存在。 縱觀全球, 獨裁威脅民主。 我懷疑作為一個物種, 我們是否可以倖存於這些, 即便威脅消失。 氣候崩潰的事實並不會遠離 那些靠魔力信念生活在雪花球的人。 然而,我們依然繼續加熱這個星球。 我們繼續汙染這個地球。 我們繼續洗劫 珍貴的自然資源。
250 years ago, we kick-started the Industrial Revolution. The machine age. It's when we first hear the buzzwords of the modern moment. Disruption, acceleration. That's Karl Marx, actually. Acceleration of production, the factory system, acceleration of transport, the coming of the railways. No need for ships to wait for the wind. Coal-fired, steam-powered. Acceleration of information. The global village. And it's when we start digging fossil fuels out of the ground in planet-changing quantities, when we start pushing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
兩百五十年前,工業革命開始。 機械時代。 我們開始聽到現代時髦的字眼。 顛覆、加速。 其實是卡爾•馬克思說的。 加速生產、工廠, 加速運輸、鐵路。 無需船隻等待風力。 媒燃料、蒸汽動力。 加速資訊。 地球村。 那時,我們開始挖掘化石燃料, 數量足以導致星球變化; 也排放二氧化碳到大氣層。
In a salami slice of space-time, human beings have changed the way that we live on the planet forever. We've moved out of the agricultural economies of our evolutionary inheritance into the industrial economies and beyond of where we are now. There's no one else for us to turn to. There's no one else for us to blame. There is no us and them. There's only us. So will we continue to be the success story of the known universe, or are we writing our own obituary? The suicide species?
以時空蠶食漸進的方式, 人類已經永久改變在這個星球的生存方式。 我們離開進化傳承的農業經濟。 轉變為工業經濟以及目前發展。 沒有其他可以外援。 沒有其他可以推諉。 沒有我們和他們。 只有我們。 我們將會繼續在這個已知宇宙成功下去, 還是寫自己的訃聞 – 自殺的物種?
Now I was raised in an evangelical household. We lived in end time. We were waiting for things to get so bad that Jesus would come back and save us. The apocalypse. It's what the prepper communities are, well, prepping for. And it's why super rich white guys are buying up tracts of land, hoping that they can live inside a kind of wi-fi-enabled Noah's Ark.
我成長於基督教福音派的家庭。 我們活在末世。 我們等待情況很惡劣的時候, 耶穌基督會回來拯救我們。 世界末日。 末日準備者們為這些做準備。 富有的白人正在買下大片土地。 希望可以藏在裡面, 一個好像是有Wi-Fi的諾亞方舟。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Well, we can have the end time if we want it. We know those stories from our religions, our sci-fi, our movies. We are uniquely placed to bring on the apocalypse. And we're uniquely placed to save ourselves, too. If we could accept that as a species, Homo sapiens needs to evolve further. And that's what gives me hope, because we have the means to evolve further. And that's AI.
如果我們想要,末世自然會出現。 我們都知道那些宗教故事、科幻類的、電影等等。 我們所處的獨特位置可以引發世界末日。 我們所處的獨特位置也可以自我拯救。 如果接受作為一個物種, 智人需要進一步進化。 這令我所有希望, 因為我們有進一步進化的工具。 就是人工智慧。
Now look, I don't mean the geeks will inherit the earth. I'm sorry, geeks. You won't.
當然,我並不是說機客會統治地球。 別介意,機客們。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
I don’t really want to talk about narrow- goal artificial intelligence at all. That term of John McCarthy’s, “artificial intelligence,” is it any use to us now? I'd rather call it alternative intelligence. And I think humankind is in need of some alternative intelligence.
狹義的人工智慧並不是我想討論的。 約翰•麥卡錫提出的“人工智慧” 還合時宜嗎? 我覺得應該叫做另類智慧。 我認為人類確實需要另類智慧。
In 1965, Jack Good talked about AI as our last invention. He meant superintelligence, the kind of thing that worries Bill Gates and Elon Musk. You know, the "Terminator" scenario. The final us and them. But I think that's all to do with our doomster mindset. We don't have to vote for the apocalypse.
1965年,傑克•古德說人工智慧是我們最後的發明。 他所指的是超智慧, 也是令比爾•蓋茲和伊隆•馬斯克擔憂的東西。 你們知道,“終結者”的場景。 最終是我們和它們。 我想這都和 末日預言人的思維有關。 我們並不是要投票支持世界末日。
Jack Good worked at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing during World War II, building the early computing machinery that would crack the Nazi Enigma code. Now after the war, Turing, wrestling with the problems of a stored, programmed computer had a bigger dream on his mind. And in 1950, Alan Turing published a paper called “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.” And in there, there's a chapter that's titled "Lady Lovelace's Objection" where Turing time-travels back 100 years to have a conversation with that long-dead genius, Ada Lovelace, the first person to write mathematical programs for the computer not yet built by her friend Charles Babbage. Now Ada wrote that as well as doing awesome stuff with numbers, the computer would, if correctly programmed, be able to write novels and compose music. That is a pretty big insight in 1843.
傑克•古德和艾倫•圖靈在 二戰時期在布萊切利園共事, 建立了早期的計算機並破解了納粹的恩格碼。 戰後,圖靈繼續攻克難關, 研究可儲存和編程的電腦。 他腦海中有個宏偉的夢想。 1950年,艾倫•圖靈發表了 名為《計算機器和智慧》的論文。 其中一章叫做 “勒芙蕾絲夫人的異議”。 講述圖靈時空穿越到一百年前, 和一位仙逝已久的天才的對話。 那就是愛達•勒芙蕾絲, 第一個幫電腦寫數學程式的人。 而當時,她的朋友查爾斯•巴貝奇還沒有把電腦做好。 愛達寫了和做了那些了不起的數字工作, 如果程式正確, 電腦應該可以寫小說和作曲。 在1843年是非常深刻的見解。
"But," said Ada, "The computer should never have any pretensions to originate anything." She meant, think creatively. Well, Ada's father was Lord Byron, England's most famous poet, and England is the land of Shakespeare. More poets. And Ada had seen Charles Babbage's kit all over the floor, and she wasn’t having some steampunk, coal-fired nuts, bolts, bezels, levers, gears, cogs and chains, crank-handled machine writing poetry.
“但是,” 愛達說, “電腦永遠不應該有任何發端的意圖。” 她的意思是創造性思考。 愛達的父親是拜倫勳爵,最出名的英國詩人。 而英國是莎士比亞的故鄉, 更多的詩歌。 愛達曾經看見過查爾斯•巴貝奇的工具散落一地。 而且她沒有蒸汽朋克、燃煤螺母、螺栓、擋板、槓桿、 齒輪、嵌齒輪和鏈條,曲柄機器去寫詩。
"Well," said Alan Turing, "Was Lady Lovelace, correct? Could a computer ever be said to originate anything? And what would be the difference between computing intelligence and human intelligence?"
“那麼,” 艾倫•圖靈說,“勒芙蕾絲夫人說得對嗎? 電腦真的會創始一些東西嗎? 電腦智慧和人類智慧的區別在哪裡?”
Well, I'll tell you one difference, and it's optimistic. Computing power uses binary, but computing intelligence is nonbinary. It's humans who are obsessed with false binaries. Male, female. Masculine, feminine. Black, white. Human, non-human. Us, them. AI has no skin color. AI has no race, no gender, no faith in a sky God. AI is not interested in men being superior to women, in white folks being smarter than people of color. Straight, gay, gay, trans are not separating categories for AI. AI does not distinguish between success and failure by gold bars, yachts and Ferraris. AI is not motivated by fame and fortune. If we develop alternative intelligence, it will be Buddhist in its non-needs.
我將會告訴你們分別在哪裡以及樂觀性。 電腦的運算是二進制, 但電腦智慧並不是。 人類很執著錯誤的二進制。 男性、女性、陽性、陰性、 黑色、白色、人類、非人類、 我們、它們。 人工智慧並沒有膚色。 也沒有種族、性別、對於天上上帝的信仰。 人工智慧並不感興趣男性是否比女性優越, 白人是否比有色人種聰明。 異性戀、同性戀、跨性別對於人工智慧沒有分別。 人工智慧不會用金條、遊艇和法拉利 區分成功和失敗。 人工智慧並不受名利的驅使。 如果我們發展另類智慧, 應該是無欲無求的佛教徒。
(Applause)
(掌聲)
Now I am aware that the algorithms ubiquitous in everyday life are racist, sexist, gendered, trivializing, stoke division, amplify bias. But what is this teaching us about ourselves? AI is a tool. We are the ones who are using the tool. Hatred and contempt, money and power are human agendas, not AI agendas. We've been forced to recognize the paucity, the inadequacy of our data sets. And humans are trained on data sets too. We've had to recognized the unacknowledged ideologies that we live by every day. Rationality, neutrality, logic, objective decision-making. What can we say about any of that when we see what we are reflected back to us in the small screen? And it's not a pretty sight. AI is not yet self-aware. But we are becoming more self-aware as we work with AI and we realize that Homo sapiens is no longer fit for purpose. We need a reboot. So what are we going to choose? Apocalypse or an alternative?
現在我留意到無處不在的演算法 是關於種族、性別歧視、性別類型化、輕視、 煽動分歧、放大偏見。 但我們可以學到甚麼呢? 人工智慧是工具。 我們使用工具。 憎恨和蔑視、金錢和權力 是人類的議程,不是人工智慧的。 我們被迫要重整匱乏性, 數據資料的不足夠。 人類也有數據資料的培訓。 我們不得不認識到日常生活中 未獲認可的意識形態。 理性、中立、邏輯,客觀的決策, 對於這些我們可以說甚麼呢? 我們只是從那個小小的屏幕上看到自己的倒影。 這個景象可不怎麼樣。 人工智慧還沒有自我意識。 但是在和人工智慧工作的時候, 我們的自我意識增加。 我們也意識到智人已經不再符合目的。 我們需要重啟。 那麼,要怎樣選擇? 世界末日還是另類智慧?
I believe that humans have a strong future as a hybrid species as we start to merge with the biotechnology we're creating, whether that's nanobots in the bloodstream, monitoring our vital systems, whether it's genetic editing, whether it's 3D printing of bespoke body parts, whether it’s neural implants that will connect us directly to the web and to one another, insourcing information, enhancing our cognitive capacities. And if we manage to upload consciousness, I think that the shift from the transhuman to the posthuman world will seem natural, an evolutionary necessity.
我相信作為混合物種,人類有強劲的未來, 因為開始和我們創造的生物科技融合, 血液中的納米機械人 監察我們的維生指數, 基因編輯, 3D打印量身訂造身體部位, 神經植入從而直接聯結到網絡 和他人, 吸收信息,提升我們的認知能力。 如果我們可以上载意識, 我想從超人類到後人類世界的轉變 應該會是一個自然的進化必需。
Why do I say that? I say that because for millennia, all human beings have been obsessed with the big question, the absurdity of death. We asked, "Do we have souls?" We watched the spirit wait to leave the body. We created the world's first disruptive startup, the afterlife.
為甚麼我這麼說? 是為了千禧世代。 全人類一直都執著與一個重要的問題, 死亡的荒謬。 我們問,“我們有靈魂嗎?” 我們看到靈魂等待離開軀殼。 我們創造的世界先是毀了開頭, 然後是往生的世界。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
Now a multinational company, with a vast VR real estate portfolio. A mansion in the sky, sir? Our earliest extant written narrative, The Epic of Gilgamesh, is a journey to discover if there is life after death. And what is life after death? It is the extension of the self beyond biological limits.
現在跨國公司 有大量的虛擬實境的房地資料。 要空中豪宅嗎, 先生? 最早的文字形式的文學作品 是吉尔伽美什史诗 講述了探索死亡後生命是否存在的旅程。 還有過世之後的生活是怎樣? 是自我生物極限的延伸。
Now I’m a writer, and I wonder, have we been telling the story backwards? Did we know we would always get here, capable of creating the kind of superintelligence that we said created us? We're told were made in God's image. God is immortal. God is not a biological entity.
我是個作家,我質疑事情是不是反了? 我們是否曾經明確我們可以到達, 有能力創造一種超級智慧, 我們認為這個超級智慧創造了我們? 我們被告知自己是按照上帝樣子創造。 上帝是不朽的。上帝不是生物體。
Since the 17th century, the Enlightenment, science and religion have parted company. And science said, all that God thinking, the afterlife stuff, it's folly, It's ignorance, it's superstition. Suppose it was intuition. Suppose it was the only way we could talk about what we knew, a fundamental, deep truth that this is not the last word. This is not the end of the story. That we are not time-bound creatures caught in our bodies. That there is further to go. I'm fascinated that computing, science and religion, like parallel lines that do meet in space, are now asking the same question: Is consciousness obliged to materiality?
自從十九世紀啟蒙運動, 科學和宗教分開。 科學認為,所有上帝的想法,往生的世界, 是愚蠢、愚昧、迷信。 設想這是直覺。 設想這是唯一的方法 讓我們可以談論我們所知, 基本的深刻真相。 這個並不是最後的說話。 這個並不是故事的結束。 我們並不是困在身體裡 有時限的生物。 還可以更進一步。 我對電腦科學和宗教著迷 就好像兩條平行線在空間邂逅, 提出同樣的問題: 意識是否一定受限於物質?
Now ... I accept that machine intelligence will challenge human intelligence. But the mythos of the world is built around a group of stories that showcase an encounter between a human and a nonhuman entity. Think of Jacob wrestling the angel. Think of Prometheus bringing fire down from the gods. In these encounters, both parties are changed, not always for the better. But it generally works out. We've been thinking about this stuff forever. It's time that we created it. And we could have some fun stuff too. Who wants their own AI angel? Me.
現在…… 我接受機械智慧 將會挑戰人類智慧。 關於這個世界的神話故事 都展現了人類和非人類的不期而遇。 雅各和天使摔跤。 普羅米修斯從神那裡盜火。 在這些不期而遇中,雙方都所有改變, 不是總是為了更好。 但總體來說沒有問題。 我們永遠都在思考這些。 現在是創造的時候。 可以做些有趣的東西。 誰想要屬於自己的人工智慧天使? 我。
There's a message in a bottle about this 200 years ago. When Ada Lovelace was busy getting born, her father, Lord Byron, was on holiday on Lake Geneva with his friend, the poet Percy Shelley, and Shelley's wife, Mary Shelley. On a wet weekend with no internet Byron said --
大概兩百年前,有個在瓶子裡的消息。 當愛達•勒芙蕾絲急著出生的時候, 他的父親,拜倫勛爵在日內瓦湖渡假, 和朋友一起,詩人珀西•雪萊, 還有雪萊的妻子瑪麗•雪萊。 在一個潮濕的周末,沒有網路。 拜倫說,
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
"Let's write horror stories." You know what happened. Out of that came the world's most famous monster, Frankenstein. This is 1816, the start of the Industrial Revolution. Mary Shelley is just 19 years old. In that novel, there is an alternative intelligence made out of the body parts from the graveyard and electricity. An astonishing vision because electricity was not in any practical use at all and was hardly understood as a force. You know what happens. The monster is not named. Not educated. Is outcast by his panicky creator, Victor Frankenstein. And the whole thing ends in a chase across the Arctic ice towards a Götterdämmerung of death and destruction. The death wish that human beings are so drawn to, perhaps because it's easier to give up than to carry on.
“我們寫寫恐怖故事吧。” 你們猜怎樣。 誕生了全世界最出名的怪物,弗蘭肯斯坦。 那是1816年,工業革命的開端。 瑪麗•雪萊當時十九歲。 小說裡的是另類智慧, 由屍體和電線組成身體。 多麼驚人的遠見。 因為電力當時還完全沒有使用, 也很難被理解為一種力。 你們都知道故事。 怪物沒有名字,沒受過教育。 被維多•弗蘭肯斯坦,驚慌失措的創造者拋棄。 整個故事的結尾是在北極冰面的追逐, 向著如諸神黃昏的死亡和毀滅。 人類被死亡願望的念頭如此吸引。 也許是因為放棄比繼續更容易。
Well, we're the first generation who can read Mary Shelley's novel in the right way, as a flare flung across time, because we too could create an alternative intelligence, not out of the body parts from the graveyard using electricity, but out of zeros and ones of code. And how is this going to end? Utopia or dystopia? It's up to us. Endings are not set in stone. We change the story because we are the story.
我們是第一代人 可以正確的理解瑪麗•雪萊的小說 就像貫穿時間的火焰; 因為我們也可以創造另類智慧。 不是用屍體和電線做身體, 而是用很多個零以及一套編碼。 結局會是怎樣呢?烏托邦還是反烏托邦? 這取決於我們。 結局當然不是板上釘釘。 我們改變事情因為我們就是事情。
Now, Marvin Minsky called alternative intelligence our "mind children." Could we as proud parents accept that the new generation that we will create will be smarter than we are? And could we accept that the new generation we create need not be on a substrate made of meat?
馬文•閔斯基稱呼另類智慧為我們“思維子女”。 我們可否像驕傲的父母一樣接受, 我們創造的新一代, 會比我們更聰明嗎? 我們可以接受 我們創造的新一代, 並不需要基於肉體嗎?
Thank you.
謝謝。
(Applause)
(掌聲) [問答環節即將開始]
Thank you.
謝謝。
Thank you very much. Thank you.
非常感謝。
Thank you.
謝謝。
Helen Walters: Jeanette, stay right there. I have some questions.
海倫•沃爾特斯:珍妮特,請留步。 我有幾個問題。
Jeanette Winterson: I know you want your lunch. Me too.
珍妮特•溫特森:我知道你想吃午飯了。我也是。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
HW: No. Everybody, stop. OK. That was amazing. Thank you. What would you say our odds were of survival?
海倫•沃爾特斯:請大家都留步。 今天講的太棒了。謝謝。 你覺得我們的生存賠率有多少?
JW: Look --
珍妮特•溫特森:喔 --
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
I'm an optimist. I’m a glass-half-full girl. So I know that we’re running out of time, time is the most precious resource we have, and there isn't much of it. If we get this right soon, it can really work. If we get it wrong, will be fighting each other with sticks and stones for scraps of food and water on an overheated planet in the ruins of dictator-world.
我是樂觀主義者。 我是半杯水半滿的女孩子。 時間剩得不多了, 時間是我們最寶貴的資源, 屈指可數。 如果我們很快做對了,可以有效果。 如果我們做錯了,我們會互相傷害, 在獨裁世界的廢墟當中, 爭奪過熱地球所剩的食物和水。
But --
但是--
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
OK. But we could get it right. That’s why I feel we’ve arrived at this moment before, and it might disappear back into space-time. Then we'll have to wait billions of years to get here again, which is so dull.
我們可以做對的選擇。 這就是為甚麼我覺得 我們到了這個時刻, 在它可能消失回到時空之前。 然後,再等個幾百萬年才能重回當下,太笨啦。
So let's not fuck it up.
我們可別他媽的搞砸了。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
(Applause)
(掌聲)
HW: I've got another question. I just wanted to have a moment of eye to eye. Don't fuck it up. Don't fuck it up. OK.
海倫•沃爾特斯:還有一個問題。 我先想表達我完全同意。 可別他媽的搞砸了。
JW: That’s the message. The whole TED Talk is: “Don’t fuck it up.”
珍妮特•溫特森:這就是要旨。 TED Talk的標題應該是: “可別他媽的搞砸了。”
HW: But wait, I have another question.
海倫•沃爾特斯:等等,還有一個問題。
JW: I could have saved 12 minutes, 55 seconds.
珍妮特•溫特森:我本來可以省下12分鐘55秒。
HW: Yeah, well, I'll just be the title that we put online.
海倫•沃爾特斯:我會像網上的標題那樣做。
Jeanette Winterson: “Don’t fuck it up.”
珍妮特•溫特森 “可別他媽的搞砸了。”
OK. I want to talk about love. So in your memoir, which everybody should read, it is called “Why Be Happy When You Can Be Normal?” The very end of that book is about -- it’s a good title -- t’s about love. And you write, "Love, the difficult word. Where everything starts, where we always return. Love. Love's lack. The possibility of love." Now I don't want to bastardize Ada Lovelace. She was all about originating. But what about love? What about alternative intelligence and love?
我想說說愛。 你的自傳,每個人都應該看, 叫做《正常就好,何必快樂?》 這本書最後是關於 -- 好的標題 -- 關於愛。 你寫道,“愛,一個多麼艱難的字。 所有事情開始的地方,我們總是回歸的地方。 愛。愛是缺乏愛的可能性。” 我現在並不是想 貶低愛達•勒芙蕾絲。 她所講的是關於創始。 那麼愛呢? 另類智慧和愛會怎樣呢?
JW: We'll teach it.
珍妮特•溫特森:我們會教。
HW: We’ll teach it? JW: Yeah. And listen, any of you who ever fell in love with your teddy bear, which is all of you, know what it's like to have an intense relationship with a nonbiological lifeform.
海倫•沃爾特斯:我們會教? 珍妮特•溫特森:是的。 你們當中誰曾經愛上自己的泰德熊。 你們就會知道 和非生物體有強烈關係的感覺。
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
HW: Jeanette Winterson, I love you.
海倫•沃爾特斯:珍妮特•溫特森,我愛你。
JW: Thank you. HW: Thank you so much. Thank you.
珍妮特•溫特森:謝謝。 海倫•沃爾特斯:非常感謝。謝謝。