Hey guys. It's funny, someone just mentioned MacGyver, because that was, like, I loved it, and when I was seven, I taped a fork to a drill and I was like, "Hey, Mom, I'm going to Olive Garden." And -- (Drilling noise) (Laughter) And it worked really well there. And you know, it had a profound effect on me. It sounds silly, but I thought, okay, the way the world works can be changed, and it can be changed by me in these small ways. And my relationship to especially human-made objects which someone else said they work like this, well, I can say they work a different way, a little bit.
嗨,大家好! 很有趣,有人剛剛提到了馬蓋先 因為我超愛他 七歲的時候,我用膠布把叉子綑在鑽孔機上 然後說:「媽,我要到橄欖園餐廳去。」 然後--(鑽孔聲)(笑聲) 它運作得挺不錯的 這對我有很深的影響 聽起來很蠢,但是我那時候想,嗯 世界運作的方式也可能被改變 而且能被我用小小的方式改變 我和事物的關係-- 特別是那些人工作出來的東西-- 當別人說它們是這樣運作的 我則會說它們可以以別的方式運作
And so, about 20 years later, I didn't realize the full effect of this, but I went to Costa Rica and I stayed with these Guaymí natives there, and they could pull leaves off of trees and make shingles out of them, and they could make beds out of trees, and they could -- I watched this woman for three days. I was there. She was peeling this palm frond apart, these little threads off of it, and she'd roll the threads together and make little thicker threads, like strings, and she would weave the strings together, and as the materiality of this exact very bag formed before my eyes over those three days, the materiality of the way the world works, of reality, kind of started to unravel in my mind, because I realized that this bag and these clothes and the trampoline you have at home and the pencil sharpener, everything you have is made out of either a tree or a rock or something we dug out of the ground and did some process to, maybe a more complicated one, but still, everything was made that way.
因此,大約二十年後, 我還不知道這件事對我的影響, 我去了趟哥斯大黎加 和當地的瓜伊米部族住在一起, 他們會取下樹葉,然後做成屋頂 也會用樹木作床 還會--我觀察一名婦女觀察了三天 我在那兒,她把棕櫚葉剝成一條條, 成了細小的絲線,再將絲線纏在一起 作成一條條更粗一些的線,像繩子一樣 然後她編織這些細繩, 成了這個包包的材料 就在我眼前,以三天的時間形成, 這個世界運作的方式 現實運作的方式,開始在我腦中清晰起來, 因為我發現,這個包包、這些衣物 你家裡的跳床和削鉛筆機, 你所擁有的一切,不是由一棵樹製成, 就是從一顆石頭作來 要不,便是我們從地下挖出某樣東西, 再經過一些加工得來 也許過程更複雜, 但所有的東西仍是如此製造而成
And so I had to start studying, who is it that's making these decisions? Who's making these things? How did they make them? What stops us from making them? Because this is how reality is created. So I started right away. I was at MIT Media Lab, and I was studying the maker movement and makers and creativity. And I started in nature, because I saw these Guaymís doing it in nature, and there just seems to be less barriers.
所以我就開始研究, 是誰做這些決定的? 是誰作出這些東西的?他們又是如何製作的? 為何我們不再製造它們? 因為這是現實被創造出來的方式 所以我立即開始 我在MIT媒體研究團隊研究製造者的活動、 製造者本身和創造力 我從大自然起頭,因為我看見 那些瓜伊米人從大自然取材造物 而大自然裡似乎較少阻礙
So I went to Vermont to Not Back to School Camp, where there's unschoolers who are just kind of hanging out and willing to try anything. So I said, "Let's go into the woods near this stream and just put stuff together, you know, make something, I don't care, geometrical shapes, just grab some junk from around you. We won't bring anything with us. And, like, within minutes, this is very easy for adults and teens to do. Here's a triangle that was being formed underneath a flowing stream, and the shape of an oak leaf being made by other small oak leaves being put together. A leaf tied to a stick with a blade of grass. The materiality and fleshiness and meat of the mushroom being explored by how it can hold up different objects being stuck into it. And after about 45 minutes, you get really intricate projects like leaves sorted by hue, so you get a color fade and put in a circle like a wreath.
我到佛蒙特州的「不返校」營隊 在那兒有一些沒上學的孩子遊手好閒 卻願意嘗試任何事情 因此我說,我們就到那小河旁的樹林裡頭 把東西兜在一起,作出一些東西 我不管,幾何圖形也好,只要從身旁找一些垃圾 我們不帶任何東西 然後,大概幾分鐘內-- 這對大人和年輕人來說相當容易-- 有個三角形便在流水底下形成了 還有一個橡木樹葉的圖形 是由其他小片的橡木樹葉拼湊在一起而成的 用草綁在木棍上的葉子 香菇的材質和菇肉也被拿來做實驗 看看它能造出哪些不同的東西 45分鐘後,一些相當精巧繁複的作品出來了 像是把顏色區分後,得到的漸近色 擺成一個圓圈,便成了花環
And the creator of this, he said, "This is fire. I call this fire."
而這個作品的創作者,他說 「這是火,我把它叫作火。」
And someone asked him, "How do you get those sticks to stay on that tree?"
有人問他:「你是怎麼讓這些木棒 停留在那棵樹上的?」
And he's like, "I don't know, but I can show you."
他說:「我也不知道,但是我可以做給你看。」
And I'm like, "Wow, that's really amazing. He doesn't know, but he can show you." So his hands know and his intuition knows, but sometimes what we know gets in the way of what could be, especially when it comes to the human-made, human-built world. We think we already know how something works, so we can't imagine how it could work. We know how it's supposed to work, so we can't suppose all the things that could be possible.
我說:「哇!這實在是太驚人了。 他不知道怎麼說,但他卻能夠做給你看。」 他的手知道,他的直覺知道 有時候,我們所知道的東西, 就是以它可能成為的樣子得來的 尤其是當我們說到人工製作、人工建造的世界 我們以為我們已經知道事物是如何運作的 所以我們就想不到它還能怎麼運作 我們知道它應該是怎麼運作 所以我們就沒想到所有的事情都是有可能的
So kids don't have as hard of a time with this, and I saw in my own son, I gave him this book. I'm a good hippie dad, so I'm like, "Okay, you're going to learn to love the moon. I'm going to give you some building blocks and they're nonrectilinear cactus building blocks, so it's totally legit." But he doesn't really know what to do with these. I didn't show him. And so he's like, "Okay, I'll just mess around with this." This is no different than the sticks are to the teens in the forest. Just going to try to put them in shapes and push on them and stuff. And before long, he's kind of got this mechanism where you can almost launch and catapult objects around, and he enlists us in helping him.
因此孩子們就不會感到困難 我自己的兒子就是如此,我給他這本書 我是個嬉皮的好爸爸,我就說 「好,現在你要學著愛月亮。 我要給你一些積木 它們是一些非直線的仙人掌積木, 所以它是完全正統的。」 但是他不太曉得該怎麼運用這些東西 我沒有秀給他看 所以他就想:「好,我就隨便亂弄吧。」 這和樹林中的少年們 使用那些樹枝的方式沒什麼兩樣-- 試著把它們拼湊成一個形狀就對了 然後在上面堆疊東西 不久後,他有點抓到技巧了 他發現他可以四處投擲或彈射這些物品 然後他要求我們的幫助
And at this point, I'm starting to wonder, what kind of tools can we give people, especially adults, who know too much, so that they can see the world as malleable, so they see themselves as agents of change in their everyday lives. Because the most advanced scientists are really just kind of pushing the way the world itself works, pushing what matter can do, the most advanced artists are just pushing the medium, and any sufficiently complicated task, whether you're a cook or a carpenter or you're raising a child -- anything that's complicated -- comes up with problems that aren't solved in the middle of it, and you can't do a good job getting it done unless you can say, "Okay, well we're just going to have to refigure this. I don't care that pencils are supposed to be for writing. I'm going to use them a different way."
就在這時,我開始在想 在人們的日常生活中 特別是那些已經知道太多道理的大人們 我們能夠給予他們什麼樣的工具 讓他們將世界視為可被塑造的 讓他們將自己視為改變的媒介 因為,大部份先進的科學家 其實只是在世界本身運作的方式中開闊出一條路 在事物能做到的事情上開路 而大部分先進的藝術家也只是在媒介中開路 任何夠複雜的任務 不管你是廚師或是木匠或是在撫養孩子-- 任何複雜的事情-- 在實作時會遇到的問題, 都無法從這些路當中獲得解決之道 你無法把這些事做好,除非你說: 「好,我們得重新弄清楚這回事。 我不管鉛筆是不是應該被用來寫字。 我要用不同的方式使用它們。」
So let me show you a little demo. This is a little piano circuit right in here, and this is an ordinary paintbrush that I smashed it together with. (Beeping) And so, with some ketchup, — (musical notes) — and then I can kind of — (musical notes) — (Laughter) (Applause)
讓我稍稍示範給你們看。 這裡有一個小小的鋼琴電路板 而這是一個普通的水彩筆 我把兩者結合在一起(嗶嗶聲) 然後,用一些番茄醬 --(樂聲)-- 接著我就可以 --(樂聲)-- (笑聲)(掌聲)
And that's awesome, right? But this is not what's awesome. What's awesome is what happens when you give the piano circuit to people. A pencil is not just a pencil. Look what it has in the middle of it. That's a wire running down the middle, and not only is it a wire, if you take that piano circuit, you can thumbtack into the middle of a pencil, and you can lay out wire on the page, too, and get electrical current to run through it. And so you can kind of hack a pencil, just by thumbtacking into it with a little piano electrical circuit.
這超酷的,不是嗎? 但是酷的不是這個東西 酷的是,當你把鋼琴電路板給了人們 它所會發生的事情 鉛筆不只是鉛筆 看看這支筆中間 有一條電線被穿在鉛筆中心 它不僅是一條電線 如果你將鋼琴電路板用圖釘 釘入鉛筆之中 你就能使這條電線延展到紙張上 電流同樣會通過紙上的線 所以,將一個小小的鋼琴電路板 用圖釘釘入鉛筆之中, 你就能改變了鉛筆的「程式」
And the electricity runs through your body too. And then you can take the little piano circuit off the pencil. You can make one of these brushes just on the fly. All you do is connect to the bristles, and the bristles are wet, so they conduct, and the person's body conducts, and leather is great to paint on, and then you can start hooking to everything, even the kitchen sink. The metal in the sink is conductive. Flowing water acts like a theremin or a violin.
電也會通過你的身體 接著,你可以把鋼琴電路板拿走 讓水彩筆開始它的「系統運作」 你要做的,就只是讓刷毛通上電路 刷毛是濕的,所以導電 人體也能導電 皮革是很好塗畫的材質 然後你就可以把電路板接上所有的事物 甚至是廚房的洗水槽 水槽的金屬也是導電體 流出來的水就會變成特雷門 (一種電子樂器)或小提琴
(Musical notes)
(樂聲)
And you can even hook to the trees. Anything in the world is either conductive or not conductive, and you can use those together.
你甚至可以接在樹上 世界上所有的東西 不是可以導電就是無法導電 你能把這些東西接在一起
So — (Laughter) — I took this to those same teens, because those teens are really awesome, and they'll try things that I won't try. I don't even have access to a facial piercing if I wanted to. And this young woman, she made what she called a hula-looper, and as the hula hoop traveled around her body, she has a circuit taped to her shirt right there. You can see her pointing to it in the picture. And every time the hula hoop would smush against her body, it would connect two little pieces of copper tape, and it would make a sound, and the next sound, and it would loop the same sounds over and over again.
因此--(笑聲)-- 我把這玩意帶給那些年輕人,因為這些小夥子 真的超厲害,他們會嘗試我不會去試的事物 就算我想接在鼻環耳洞 之類的地方我也沒得接 這個年輕女孩,她做了這個「呼拉圈」 呼拉圈繞行她的身體 同時她將電路板黏在衣服上 如同她在這張圖中指著的地方 每當呼拉圈壓過她的身體 她的身體就會和呼拉圈上的兩條小銅片通電 然後發出聲音,接著又有下一個聲音 同樣的聲音會一次次地跟著呼拉圈循環
I ran these workshops everywhere. In Taiwan, at an art museum, this 12-year-old girl made a mushroom organ out of some mushrooms that were from Taiwan and some electrical tape and hot glue. And professional designers were making artifacts with this thing strapped onto it. And big companies like Intel or smaller design firms like Ideo or startups like Bump, were inviting me to give workshops, just to practice this idea of smashing electronics and everyday objects together. And then we came up with this idea to not just use electronics, but let's just smash computers with everyday objects and see how that goes over.
我到各地舉辦這些工作坊 在台灣的一間美術館,這個十二歲的女孩 做了一個香菇管風琴,是用台灣的香菇 一些電路條和熱熔膠製成的 專業的設計師也把電路條綑在東西上 做出手工藝品來 大公司,像是Intel 或是一些比較小的設計公司 如Ideo以及一些新成立的公司如Bump 都邀請我舉辦這些工作坊 實踐出電子器具 和日常物品結合在一起的想法 然後,我們有了一個想法 不要只是用電子器具 而是試著將電腦和日常物品結合 看看會發生什麼事
And so I just want to do a quick demo. So this is the MaKey MaKey circuit, and I'm just going to set it up from the beginning in front of you. So I'll just plug it in, and now it's on by USB. And I'll just hook up the forward arrow. You guys are facing that way, so I'll hook it to this one. And I'll just hook up a little ground wire to it. And now, if I touch this piece of pizza, the slides that I showed you before should go forward. And now if I hook up this wire just by connecting it to the left arrow, I'm kind of programming it by where I hook it up, now I have a left arrow and a right arrow, so I should be able to go forwards and backwards and forwards and backwards. Awesome.
讓我很快的示範一下 這是Makey Makey面板 我要將它從頭設置給你們看 我只要將它用USB插上 我把上方向鍵接好 因為你們都面對那個方向,所以我接上這一片披薩 然後我只要把接地線接上 現在,如果我碰這片披薩 你們看見的投影片就會換到下一張 現在如果我將電線接上左方向鍵 我就像是在寫連接它的物體的程式一樣 現在我有了左方向鍵和右方向鍵 所以我就有辦法換到下一張、上一張 下一張、上一張。超酷。
And so we're like, "We gotta put a video out about this." Because no one really believed that this was important or meaningful except me and, like, one other guy.
所以我們覺得我們應該 為這東西做一部影片 因為除了我和另一個傢伙外 沒人真的相信這東西是很重要而且很有意義的
So we made a video to prove that there's lots of stuff you can do. You can kind of sketch with Play-Doh and just Google for game controllers. Just ordinary Play-Doh, nothing special. And you can literally draw joysticks and just find Pacman on your computer and then just hook it up. (Video game noises) And you know the little plastic drawers you can get at Target? Well, if you take those out, they hold water great, but you can totally cut your toes, so yeah, just be careful.
因此我們就做了一個影片 來證明你可以做出很多東西 你可以用彩色黏土大概做出一個鍵盤 只要google遊戲控制器的樣子就可以了 只要普通的彩色黏土,不需要什麼特別的道具 你可以畫出搖桿 在電腦上找出早期的那種電玩, 然後接上去(電玩聲音) 你們知道Target在賣的那些小塑膠抽屜嗎? 如果你把抽屜抽出來,它們超適合裝水 但你可能因此切掉腳趾頭 所以呢,要小心點
You know the Happiness Project, where the experts are setting up the piano stairs, and how cool that is? Well, I think it's cool, but we should be doing that stuff ourselves. It shouldn't be a set of experts engineering the way the world works. We should all be participating in changing the way the world works together.
在「幸福計畫」中,專家們 設置了一座鋼琴樓梯,酷嗎? 我覺得那很酷 但是我們應該自己動手做出這類東西 不該僅由一群專家們來設計出世界運作的方式 我們全都應該一起參與 改變世界運作的方式
Aluminum foil. Everybody has a cat. Get a bowl of water. This is just Photo Booth on your Mac OS. Hover the mouse over the "take a photo" button, and you've got a little cat photo booth.
鋁箔紙,每個人都有一隻貓 拿一碗水,這就成了你Mac OS裡的快照機 將滑鼠移到「照相」鈕上 你就有了一個小小的貓咪快照機
And so we needed hundreds of people to buy this. If hundreds of people didn't buy this, we couldn't put it on the market. And so we put it up on Kickstarter, and hundreds of people bought it in the first day. And then 30 days later, 11,000 people had backed the project.
所以我們需要許多人買這個面板 如果許多人都不買,我們就不能在市場上販售 所以我們就把這個計畫放在Kickstarter網站上 第一天就有上百人買了 30天後 已有11000個人資助這個計畫
And then what the best part is, we started getting a flood of videos in of people doing crazy things with it. So this is "The Star-Spangled Banner" by eating lunch, including drinking Listerine. And we actually sent this guy materials. We're like, "We're sponsoring you, man. You're, like, a pro maker."
最棒的是,我們開始收到 一大堆影片,都是人們用這個面板所作的瘋狂事物 這是在吃午餐時所一邊演奏出來的美國國歌〈星條旗〉 連漱口水也參上一腳 事實上我們還寄了一些材料給這傢伙 「老兄,我們要贊助你。 你是個超專業的創作者。」
Okay, just wait for this one. This is good.
好,等等,這個超棒
(Laughter) (Applause)
(笑聲) (掌聲)
And these guys at the exploratorium are playing house plants as if they were drums. And dads and daughters are completing circuits in special ways.
而這些在探索博物館的傢伙 他們將居家植物當作鼓一樣在打 這對父女用特別的方式來連接電路
And then this brother -- look at this diagram. See where it says "sister"? I love when people put humans on the diagram. I always add humans to any technical -- if you're drawing a technical diagram, put a human in it. And this kid is so sweet. He made this trampoline slideshow advancer for his sister so that on her birthday, she could be the star of the show, jumping on the trampoline to advance the slides. And this guy rounded up his dogs and he made a dog piano.
還有這個小弟弟--看看這張圖 看見上面寫著「姐姐」的地方了嗎? 我喜歡人們把人物放在圖表中 我總是把人加在任何科技的-- 如果你在畫一張技術圖表,把人放進去 這個小孩很可愛, 他為他的姐姐製作了這個跳床幻燈片大冒險 所以在她生日那天,她就可以成為大明星 在跳床上跳躍,讓投影片跳到下一張 而這個人把他的狗聚在一起,做出一個狗鋼琴
And this is fun, and what could be more useful than feeling alive and fun? But it's also very serious because all this accessibility stuff started coming up, where people can't use computers, necessarily. Like this dad who wrote us, his son has cerebral palsy and he can't use a normal keyboard. And so his dad couldn't necessarily afford to buy all these custom controllers. And so, with the MaKey MaKey, he planned to make these gloves to allow him to navigate the web. And a huge eruption of discussion around accessibility came, and we're really excited about that. We didn't plan for that at all.
這很好玩 活潑生動和好玩有趣的感受 比任何事物都來得有益 但這同時也是相當嚴肅的 因為所有這些可取得的東西開始出現在 無法使用電腦的人們身邊 像這位父親,他寫信給我們,他的兒子有腦性麻痺 所以他不能使用一般的鍵盤 他的父親實在無法負擔 量身訂做的控制器 因此,有了Makey Makey,他打算做出 這些手套,讓他兒子能上網 關於這些隨手可得的物品出現了爆多的討論 而我們真的對此感到很興奮 我們根本沒想過事情會如此發展
And then all these professional musicians started using it, like at Coachella, just this weekend Jurassic 5 was using this onstage, and this D.J. is just from Brooklyn, right around here, and he put this up last month. And I love the carrot on the turntable.
然後,所有的專業音樂家也開始使用它 像是在這禮拜的科切拉音樂節 侏儸紀5號樂團就在台上使用它 還有這名DJ剛從布魯克林來,就在這個地方 他上個月設立了這個 我超愛轉盤上面的紅蘿蔔
(Music: Massive Attack — "Teardrop")
(音樂:強烈衝擊合唱團〈淚珠點點〉)
Most people cannot play them that way. (Laughter)
大部分的人都不會這樣彈奏(笑聲)
And when this started to get serious, I thought, I'd better put a really serious warning label on the box that this comes in, because otherwise people are going to be getting this and they're going to be turning into agents of creative change, and governments will be crumbling, and I wouldn't have told people, so I thought I'd better warn them. And I also put this little surprise. When you open the lid of the box, it says, "The world is a construction kit."
而當事情開始變得嚴肅起來 我覺得我最好在面板的包裝盒上 附上一個很嚴肅的警告標籤 因為人們將會開始獲得它 並開始成為創造性的改變者 政府會開始粉碎 但我並沒有打算告訴人們這樣做, 所以我想我最好先警告他們 我也把這個小驚喜放了進去,當你打開箱子 上面會寫:「世界是你的創造工具箱。」
And as you start to mess around this way, I think that, in some small ways, you do start to see the landscape of your everyday life a little bit more like something you could express yourself with, and a little bit more like you could participate in designing the future of the way the world works.
當你開始以這種方式亂弄一氣 我覺得,在某些小方面,你真的會開始看見 日常生活的環境 變得比較像是你能用來表達自我的東西 變得比較像是你能一起參與創作的東西 創造出這個世界未來會運作的方式
And so next time you're on an escalator and you drop an M&M by accident, you know, maybe that's an M&M surfboard, not an escalator, so don't pick it up right away. Maybe take some more stuff out of your pockets and throw it down, and maybe some chapstick, whatever.
所以,下次如果你搭手扶梯時 不小心掉了一顆M&M巧克力 或許那是M&M的衝浪板,而非手扶梯 所以別這麼快把它撿起來 或許你可以從口袋掏出更多東西 丟下去,也許是護唇膏,隨便都可以
I used to want to design a utopian society or a perfect world or something like that. But as I'm kind of getting older and kind of messing with all this stuff, I'm realizing that my idea of a perfect world really can't be designed by one person or even by a million experts. It's really going to be seven billion pairs of hands, each following their own passions, and each kind of like a mosaic coming up and creating this world in their backyards and in their kitchens. And that's the world I really want to live in.
我曾經想要設計出一個烏托邦的社會 一個完美的世界之類的 但當我年紀漸長 用這類東西亂弄一通時 我開始了解到,我心目中的完美是借 真的不能只靠一個人 或是一百萬個專家設計出來 而是要靠七十億雙手 每一雙手都跟隨他們自己的熱情 每一雙手都像是一片馬賽克拼圖 在他們的後院或廚房 創造這個世界 那就是我真正想居住的世界
Thank you.
謝謝
(Applause)
(掌聲)