Hey guys. It's funny, someone just mentioned MacGyver, because that was, like, I loved it, and when I was seven, I taped a fork to a drill and I was like, "Hey, Mom, I'm going to Olive Garden." And -- (Drilling noise) (Laughter) And it worked really well there. And you know, it had a profound effect on me. It sounds silly, but I thought, okay, the way the world works can be changed, and it can be changed by me in these small ways. And my relationship to especially human-made objects which someone else said they work like this, well, I can say they work a different way, a little bit.
嗨,大家好 很有趣,刚才有人提到百战天龙 因为我特别喜欢这节目 七岁时,我用胶带把叉子捆在钻孔机上 然后说:「妈,我要去橄榄园义式餐厅!」 然后--(钻孔声)(笑声) 这装置很适合用在这啊! 这事改变了我的看法, 虽然听起来有点儿傻,但我想,好吧! 世界的运行的方式是可以改变的 而且我个人就能作些小改变 尤其是我看待周边 那些人造的东西 别人说它们是这样运作的 但我说它们有不同的用法
And so, about 20 years later, I didn't realize the full effect of this, but I went to Costa Rica and I stayed with these Guaymí natives there, and they could pull leaves off of trees and make shingles out of them, and they could make beds out of trees, and they could -- I watched this woman for three days. I was there. She was peeling this palm frond apart, these little threads off of it, and she'd roll the threads together and make little thicker threads, like strings, and she would weave the strings together, and as the materiality of this exact very bag formed before my eyes over those three days, the materiality of the way the world works, of reality, kind of started to unravel in my mind, because I realized that this bag and these clothes and the trampoline you have at home and the pencil sharpener, everything you have is made out of either a tree or a rock or something we dug out of the ground and did some process to, maybe a more complicated one, but still, everything was made that way.
事隔大概20年后 我还没察觉这想法对我的影响 就到哥斯达黎加去了 在那里和圭米族(Guaymí)相处了一阵子 他们能用摘下来的树叶做成瓦片 也能用树做出床 他们还能─我曾三天都在观察一名妇女 我当场看着她剥棕榈叶 从中抽丝揉合 搓成像绳子一样较粗的线, 然后她把线织在一起 我拿的袋子就是那种材料做的 那三天我目睹了制程 世界运作的方式及现实的实际面 在我脑中因而多少有些头绪 我意识到这袋子及我身上的衣服 还有家里的弹跳床和削笔机 我们手边的东西都是从木石中取材 或加工出土物制成 也许有更复杂的,但方法都一样
And so I had to start studying, who is it that's making these decisions? Who's making these things? How did they make them? What stops us from making them? Because this is how reality is created. So I started right away. I was at MIT Media Lab, and I was studying the maker movement and makers and creativity. And I started in nature, because I saw these Guaymís doing it in nature, and there just seems to be less barriers.
于是我不禁思索 是谁决定这些事呢? 这些是谁造的?怎么做到的呢? 为何我们后来不做了呢? 好像现实就是如此形成的 所以我便立刻着手,当时在MIT的媒体实验室 我正在研究研究「创客运动」 还有创客和创造力 因见识过圭米族人在大自然中的能耐 且似乎比较没阻碍,我便从那开始
So I went to Vermont to Not Back to School Camp, where there's unschoolers who are just kind of hanging out and willing to try anything. So I said, "Let's go into the woods near this stream and just put stuff together, you know, make something, I don't care, geometrical shapes, just grab some junk from around you. We won't bring anything with us. And, like, within minutes, this is very easy for adults and teens to do. Here's a triangle that was being formed underneath a flowing stream, and the shape of an oak leaf being made by other small oak leaves being put together. A leaf tied to a stick with a blade of grass. The materiality and fleshiness and meat of the mushroom being explored by how it can hold up different objects being stuck into it. And after about 45 minutes, you get really intricate projects like leaves sorted by hue, so you get a color fade and put in a circle like a wreath.
我到佛蒙特州的「自学营」(Not Back to School Camp) 那里自主学习的学生自己找事做 并且愿意尝试任何事 我就说:「咱们去溪边的树林吧 把东西组合在一起作点什么 任何形状都行,从身边就地取材就好, 咱们什么都不带。」 这对成人和青少年都很容易 也就几分钟而已 就有人在溪流底下做出一个三角形 还有许多小片橡树叶 组成的橡树叶 一片用草绑在树枝上的叶子 把东西插入蘑菇,观察其承载量 以此检验其的肉质、组织和物质特性 45分钟之后,成果变得更精巧了 像以色阶排列叶子呈现色差 并围成一个花环
And the creator of this, he said, "This is fire. I call this fire."
制作的男同学说: 「这是火,我把它叫做火」
And someone asked him, "How do you get those sticks to stay on that tree?"
有人问他,「你是怎么把树枝 固定在这树上的?
And he's like, "I don't know, but I can show you."
他说道:“我無從解释,但我可以做给你看。」
And I'm like, "Wow, that's really amazing. He doesn't know, but he can show you." So his hands know and his intuition knows, but sometimes what we know gets in the way of what could be, especially when it comes to the human-made, human-built world. We think we already know how something works, so we can't imagine how it could work. We know how it's supposed to work, so we can't suppose all the things that could be possible.
我说:「哇,那真是不可思议。」 他不会解释,但能示范 会操作且凭直觉就行 但有时候我们的知识反成成为了我们的局限 减低了本有的可能性 对所有人造物而言尤其如此 我们自认已明白事物如何运作 因此很难想象其他可能 正因为我们知道常态 因此不太会假设其它可能
So kids don't have as hard of a time with this, and I saw in my own son, I gave him this book. I'm a good hippie dad, so I'm like, "Okay, you're going to learn to love the moon. I'm going to give you some building blocks and they're nonrectilinear cactus building blocks, so it's totally legit." But he doesn't really know what to do with these. I didn't show him. And so he's like, "Okay, I'll just mess around with this." This is no different than the sticks are to the teens in the forest. Just going to try to put them in shapes and push on them and stuff. And before long, he's kind of got this mechanism where you can almost launch and catapult objects around, and he enlists us in helping him.
不过小孩子比较没这种困扰 我儿子就是如此,我给他这本书 我是个不错的嬉皮老爹 我对他说:「好!你要学着爱月亮(书名) 我会给你一些像仙人掌的积木 而不是那种方方正正的 而这没什么好奇怪的」 但他不很明白要拿积木做什么 我没示范给他看 所以他想,「恩,我姑且乱试」 这跟刚才提过的自学少年与树枝一样 先试着拼凑形状 然后再进一步尝试其他的 他不久便做出这个机关 可任意把东西弹射出去 然后他要我们帮他
And at this point, I'm starting to wonder, what kind of tools can we give people, especially adults, who know too much, so that they can see the world as malleable, so they see themselves as agents of change in their everyday lives. Because the most advanced scientists are really just kind of pushing the way the world itself works, pushing what matter can do, the most advanced artists are just pushing the medium, and any sufficiently complicated task, whether you're a cook or a carpenter or you're raising a child -- anything that's complicated -- comes up with problems that aren't solved in the middle of it, and you can't do a good job getting it done unless you can say, "Okay, well we're just going to have to refigure this. I don't care that pencils are supposed to be for writing. I'm going to use them a different way."
从那时起我就在想 我们可以给人们什么样的工具 特别是懂很多的成人 好让他们明白,世界并非一成不变 所以在日常生活中 自己就能促成改变 其实最伟大的科学家 就有点像是在改变这世界 还有物质的功能 最前卫的艺术家则以不同方式表达 复杂的事情 不管你是厨师、木匠,还是抚养孩子-- 任何复杂的事情―― 都会出现当下无法解决的问题 你没法做好,除非你这样告诉自己: 「好吧!我们必须要换个角度想。 铅笔原本的书写功能对我不重要 对我而言另有用途。」
So let me show you a little demo. This is a little piano circuit right in here, and this is an ordinary paintbrush that I smashed it together with. (Beeping) And so, with some ketchup, — (musical notes) — and then I can kind of — (musical notes) — (Laughter) (Applause)
让我示范给你们看 就在这有小型的钢琴电路板 这是一支普通的笔刷 我把两者结合在一起(哔哔声) 再加上点西红柿酱 ―(乐音)― 然后就可以...... ――(颤音)―― (笑声)(掌声)
And that's awesome, right? But this is not what's awesome. What's awesome is what happens when you give the piano circuit to people. A pencil is not just a pencil. Look what it has in the middle of it. That's a wire running down the middle, and not only is it a wire, if you take that piano circuit, you can thumbtack into the middle of a pencil, and you can lay out wire on the page, too, and get electrical current to run through it. And so you can kind of hack a pencil, just by thumbtacking into it with a little piano electrical circuit.
那很酷,对吧? 但酷的不是这个 其他人用你给的电路板 所作的发挥才是最棒的 铅笔不仅仅是铅笔 看看里面有什么 有一根电线从中贯穿 这根电线可不简单 如果把钢琴电路板 钉上铅笔笔身 就可在纸上规划电路 让电流通过。 只需把一小片钢琴电路板钉上 你就可改造铅笔
And the electricity runs through your body too. And then you can take the little piano circuit off the pencil. You can make one of these brushes just on the fly. All you do is connect to the bristles, and the bristles are wet, so they conduct, and the person's body conducts, and leather is great to paint on, and then you can start hooking to everything, even the kitchen sink. The metal in the sink is conductive. Flowing water acts like a theremin or a violin.
人体也能导电 拆下铅笔上的钢琴电路板 就能当场制作这样的刷子 只需连接刷毛 湿毛刷可导电 人体也是 皮料是不错的画布 然后你就可连接所有东西了 甚至是厨房的水槽 水槽的金属部分是导电的 水流就像特雷门(theremin)或小提琴的琴弦
(Musical notes)
(乐音)
And you can even hook to the trees. Anything in the world is either conductive or not conductive, and you can use those together.
你甚至可连到树上 世上万物不外导体和绝缘体 你大可并用
So — (Laughter) — I took this to those same teens, because those teens are really awesome, and they'll try things that I won't try. I don't even have access to a facial piercing if I wanted to. And this young woman, she made what she called a hula-looper, and as the hula hoop traveled around her body, she has a circuit taped to her shirt right there. You can see her pointing to it in the picture. And every time the hula hoop would smush against her body, it would connect two little pieces of copper tape, and it would make a sound, and the next sound, and it would loop the same sounds over and over again.
所以―(笑声)― 我把这装置介绍给那群自学少年 因为他们很棒,我不试的他们都会做做看 在脸部搞花样就是我望尘莫及的 这个女孩做了一个「呼啦圈」 当呼啦圈绕着她转动时 她衣服上贴有线路 就在画面中她指的地方 因此每次呼啦圈贴着她身体转 就会让两张铜片彼此接触 依序播出不同的声音 这样的过程将不断重复
I ran these workshops everywhere. In Taiwan, at an art museum, this 12-year-old girl made a mushroom organ out of some mushrooms that were from Taiwan and some electrical tape and hot glue. And professional designers were making artifacts with this thing strapped onto it. And big companies like Intel or smaller design firms like Ideo or startups like Bump, were inviting me to give workshops, just to practice this idea of smashing electronics and everyday objects together. And then we came up with this idea to not just use electronics, but let's just smash computers with everyday objects and see how that goes over.
我在各地办过这样的工作坊 在台湾的一间美术馆里,这位12岁的女孩 用当地蕈菇、绝缘胶带和热熔胶 作出了菌菇风琴 专业设计师融合这种线路 创造出各种工艺品 大公司如英特尔 小设计公司如Ideo或Bump这样的新公司 都邀请我办这样的工作坊 让电子科技融合日常用品的想法 得以付诸实践 然后我们想到这个点子 除了电器用品外 也把电脑与生活用品结合 看看结果如何
And so I just want to do a quick demo. So this is the MaKey MaKey circuit, and I'm just going to set it up from the beginning in front of you. So I'll just plug it in, and now it's on by USB. And I'll just hook up the forward arrow. You guys are facing that way, so I'll hook it to this one. And I'll just hook up a little ground wire to it. And now, if I touch this piece of pizza, the slides that I showed you before should go forward. And now if I hook up this wire just by connecting it to the left arrow, I'm kind of programming it by where I hook it up, now I have a left arrow and a right arrow, so I should be able to go forwards and backwards and forwards and backwards. Awesome.
让我很快地演示一下 这是MaKey MaKey电路板 我来架设给你们看 接上USB就可以用了 再连上前进键 大家面朝那,那我就连这个 我再把地线接上 如果按这片披萨饼 刚才放过的幻灯片就会翻页 如果我把这条线接到左箭头键 变换连接点有点像是作设定 有了左右箭头键 就应该能翻页了 下一页,上一页,棒极了!
And so we're like, "We gotta put a video out about this." Because no one really believed that this was important or meaningful except me and, like, one other guy.
然后我们想到要有相关的录像 因为除了我和另一个人 没人觉得这有意义或有甚么重要性
So we made a video to prove that there's lots of stuff you can do. You can kind of sketch with Play-Doh and just Google for game controllers. Just ordinary Play-Doh, nothing special. And you can literally draw joysticks and just find Pacman on your computer and then just hook it up. (Video game noises) And you know the little plastic drawers you can get at Target? Well, if you take those out, they hold water great, but you can totally cut your toes, so yeah, just be careful.
所以我们拍了录像 证明可发挥之处不少 你可以用培乐多(彩泥)大概捏一下 照互联网上控制器的样子去做 只要普通的彩泥,不需特别的东西 而且操纵杆真的可以用画的 执行计算机的小精灵游戏,接上去就行了(游戏音效) Target(商店)卖的那种小塑料抽屉 如果用上的话,用来盛水挺适合的 但也可能会割断脚趾 所以要小心
You know the Happiness Project, where the experts are setting up the piano stairs, and how cool that is? Well, I think it's cool, but we should be doing that stuff ourselves. It shouldn't be a set of experts engineering the way the world works. We should all be participating in changing the way the world works together.
《幸福计划》一书中的专家 设计了钢琴阶梯,是不是很棒? 我觉得酷毙了! 但我们应该自己试一下 世界的规则不应只靠一群专家来规划 大家都该加入 一起改变世界的运作
Aluminum foil. Everybody has a cat. Get a bowl of water. This is just Photo Booth on your Mac OS. Hover the mouse over the "take a photo" button, and you've got a little cat photo booth.
铝箔纸,还有大家都养过的猫 准备一盆水,你的苹果电脑就成了照相屋 鼠标移到「拍摄」钮 俨然就成了迷你小猫照相屋
And so we needed hundreds of people to buy this. If hundreds of people didn't buy this, we couldn't put it on the market. And so we put it up on Kickstarter, and hundreds of people bought it in the first day. And then 30 days later, 11,000 people had backed the project.
我们需要很多人来购买 否则就不能推向市场 于是我们在Kickstarter网站推出 第一天就有数百人购买 30天后 有一万一千人支持这计划
And then what the best part is, we started getting a flood of videos in of people doing crazy things with it. So this is "The Star-Spangled Banner" by eating lunch, including drinking Listerine. And we actually sent this guy materials. We're like, "We're sponsoring you, man. You're, like, a pro maker."
而最棒的是此后 许多人发来充满奇想的视频 以吃午餐演奏美国国歌 还喝漱口水 所以我们提供这家伙素材 意思是,「伙计,我们赞助你。 你简直就是专业的創客。」
Okay, just wait for this one. This is good.
待会儿有一段很精彩
(Laughter) (Applause)
(笑声) (掌声)
And these guys at the exploratorium are playing house plants as if they were drums. And dads and daughters are completing circuits in special ways.
这家伙在科学探索馆内 把室内植物当鼓来敲 父女用特别的方法连接线路
And then this brother -- look at this diagram. See where it says "sister"? I love when people put humans on the diagram. I always add humans to any technical -- if you're drawing a technical diagram, put a human in it. And this kid is so sweet. He made this trampoline slideshow advancer for his sister so that on her birthday, she could be the star of the show, jumping on the trampoline to advance the slides. And this guy rounded up his dogs and he made a dog piano.
这老兄……看看这张图 看到写着「妹妹」的地方没? 我喜欢包含「人」的图表 我始终让科技结合人的因素 如果你要画工程图,把人加进去 这孩子很可爱,他为妹妹做了弹跳床冒险的幻灯 好让她在生日那天成为焦点 在弹跳床上跳动就能翻动幻灯 这位仁兄集合宠物形成狗钢琴
And this is fun, and what could be more useful than feeling alive and fun? But it's also very serious because all this accessibility stuff started coming up, where people can't use computers, necessarily. Like this dad who wrote us, his son has cerebral palsy and he can't use a normal keyboard. And so his dad couldn't necessarily afford to buy all these custom controllers. And so, with the MaKey MaKey, he planned to make these gloves to allow him to navigate the web. And a huge eruption of discussion around accessibility came, and we're really excited about that. We didn't plan for that at all.
这很逗趣 有什么比生动有趣更有用呢? 但这也有严肃的一面 因为有「可得性」的问题 有些人无法使用计算机 一个爸爸写信给我们,他儿子是脑性麻痹 不適用普通键盘 他也买不起 定制的控制设备 他打算用MaKey MaKey 作一种手套让兒子上网 引起有關「可得性」的热烈讨论 对此我们感到非常興奮 这完全出乎意料
And then all these professional musicians started using it, like at Coachella, just this weekend Jurassic 5 was using this onstage, and this D.J. is just from Brooklyn, right around here, and he put this up last month. And I love the carrot on the turntable.
后来一些专业音乐人也青睐 比如本周末的科切拉音乐节(the Coachella Festival) Jurassic 5 也用它来表演 这位来自附近布鲁克林区的DJ 上个月做了这个表演 我颇欣赏那根转盘上的胡萝卜
(Music: Massive Attack — "Teardrop")
(音乐:大举进攻乐队――“眼泪”)
Most people cannot play them that way. (Laughter)
大多数人都没法这样玩(弹)食物(笑声)
And when this started to get serious, I thought, I'd better put a really serious warning label on the box that this comes in, because otherwise people are going to be getting this and they're going to be turning into agents of creative change, and governments will be crumbling, and I wouldn't have told people, so I thought I'd better warn them. And I also put this little surprise. When you open the lid of the box, it says, "The world is a construction kit."
因为人们太过投入 我想最好在包装盒上放上严正警告 否则人们得到产品后 将热衷创新改变 政府就会崩坏 之前没提过,因此应警告使用者 但也暗藏惊喜,当你打开盒盖 会看到这句:「世界就是一套创造工具箱」
And as you start to mess around this way, I think that, in some small ways, you do start to see the landscape of your everyday life a little bit more like something you could express yourself with, and a little bit more like you could participate in designing the future of the way the world works.
当你开始随兴摸索 我想你会渐渐明白 你的日常生活 有点像是你展现自我的方式 彷佛酝酿世界的未来 你也能参与其中
And so next time you're on an escalator and you drop an M&M by accident, you know, maybe that's an M&M surfboard, not an escalator, so don't pick it up right away. Maybe take some more stuff out of your pockets and throw it down, and maybe some chapstick, whatever.
那么下一次坐电扶梯时 若无意掉落一粒M&M巧克力 也许看到的会是M&M冲浪板,不是电扶梯 所以不要急着捡起来 也许掏出口袋里的其他东西 扔下去,比如润唇膏之类的
I used to want to design a utopian society or a perfect world or something like that. But as I'm kind of getting older and kind of messing with all this stuff, I'm realizing that my idea of a perfect world really can't be designed by one person or even by a million experts. It's really going to be seven billion pairs of hands, each following their own passions, and each kind of like a mosaic coming up and creating this world in their backyards and in their kitchens. And that's the world I really want to live in.
我曾想要筹划一个乌托邦社会 或是完美世界之类的 但随年纪增长 接触了这些事物之后 我现在知道心目中的完美世界 确实无法独力完成 恐怕一百万个专家也不行 这要7亿双 由热情推动的手 分别在自家后院 或是厨房内 共同拼贴出这个世界的样貌 而那就是我向往的世界
Thank you.
谢谢大家
(Applause)
(掌声)