The work of a transportation commissioner isn't just about stop signs and traffic signals. It involves the design of cities and the design of city streets. Streets are some of the most valuable resources that a city has, and yet it's an asset that's largely hidden in plain sight. And the lesson from New York over the past six years is that you can update this asset. You can remake your streets quickly, inexpensively, it can provide immediate benefits, and it can be quite popular. You just need to look at them a little differently.
運輸委員的工作 不僅和停止標記與交通號誌有關 其中涉及城市設計 與城市街道的設計規劃 街道是城市裡最有價值的資源之一 它同時也是一份資產 而這份資產大量地隱身在我們的視域中 過去六年裡從紐約習得的經驗 過去六年裡從紐約習得的經驗 就是你可以將這份資產與時俱進 你可以用經濟實惠又快速的方式重新構築街道 它能產生立即性的效益 而且可以相當受到大家歡迎 你只要以稍稍不同的角度去檢視它
This is important because we live in an urban age. For the first time in history, most people live in cities, and the U.N. estimates that over the next 40 years, the population is going to double on the planet. So the design of cities is a key issue for our future. Mayor Bloomberg recognized this when he launched PlaNYC in 2007. The plan recognized that cities are in a global marketplace, and that if we're going to continue to grow and thrive and to attract the million more people that are expected to move here, we need to focus on the quality of life and the efficiency of our infrastructure.
這點很重要,因為我們生活在城市時代 這是歷史上第一次 大多數的人都居住在城市裡 聯合國估計接下來的四十年 全球人口將會成長至現在的兩倍 所以城市設計是未來一項重要的議題 彭博市長意識到 2007 年他發起「規畫紐約」計畫時 該項計畫認可了城市 是包含在全球市場之中 如果我們想繼續成長、繁榮興盛 並且吸引超過百萬以上 希望移居到紐約的人口 我們就必須注重生活品質 與基礎建設的效能
For many cities, our streets have been in a kind of suspended animation for generations. This is a picture of Times Square in the '50s, and despite all of the technological innovation, cultural changes, political changes, this is Times Square in 2008. Not much has changed in those 50 years. So we worked hard to refocus our agenda, to maximize efficient mobility, providing more room for buses, more room for bikes, more room for people to enjoy the city, and to make our streets as safe as they can be for everybody that uses them.
對許多城市而言,我們的街道 處於某種假死狀態已經好幾個世代了 這是一張五零年代時代廣場的照片 儘管經過所有的科技革新、 文化變遷、政治變革 這是 2008 年時代廣場的照片 經過了五十年並沒有太大的改變 所以我們努力重新調整我們的議程 將高效流動性提升至最大 提供公車、自行車、 群眾更多的空間來享受城市生活 讓我們的街道能夠以最安全的方式 讓大家來使用
We set out a clear action plan with goals and benchmarks. Having goals is important, because if you want to change and steer the ship of a big city in a new direction, you need to know where you're going and why.
我們開始進行一個明確的行動計畫 以有目標、有基準的方式 有目標是一件很重要的事 因為如果你想要改變並導引 這艘名為「大城市」的船到一個新的方向 你必須知道你要前往何處以及為何這麼做
The design of a street can tell you everything about what's expected on it. In this case, it's expected that you shelter in place. The design of this street is really to maximize the movement of cars moving as quickly as possible from point A to point B, and it misses all the other ways that a street is used.
一條街道的設計能告訴你 所有我們對這條街道的期待 就這件案子而言,便是擁有棲憩的空間 這條街道的設計就真的是 將汽車的移動速度最大化 能夠盡可能地快速移動 從 A 點到 B 點 然而這樣會錯失所有其他 使用街道的方式
When we started out, we did some early surveys about how our streets were used, and we found that New York City was largely a city without seats. Pictures like this, people perched on a fire hydrant, not the mark of a world-class city. (Laughter) It's not great for parents with kids. It's not great for seniors. It's not great for retailers. It's probably not good for the fire hydrants. Certainly not good for the police department.
當我們開始計畫時,我們事先勘查 我們如何使用街道 而我們發現紐約的街道 多數都沒有座椅 就像這張圖片,人們都坐在 消防栓上,這不是世界級城市該出現的景像 (笑聲) 這對帶小孩的家長不好、 對年長者不好、對零售業也不好 這可能對消防栓也不好 想當然爾對當地警局也不好
So we worked hard to change that balance, and probably the best example of our new approach is in Times Square. Three hundred and fifty thousand people a day walk through Times Square, and people had tried for years to make changes. They changed signals, they changed lanes, everything they could do to make Times Square work better. It was dangerous, hard to cross the street. It was chaotic. And so, none of those approaches worked, so we took a different approach, a bigger approach, looked at our street differently. And so we did a six-month pilot. We closed Broadway from 42nd Street to 47th Street and created two and a half acres of new pedestrian space. And the temporary materials are an important part of the program, because we were able to show how it worked. And I work for a data-driven mayor, as you probably know. So it was all about the data. So if it worked better for traffic, if it was better for mobility, if it was safer, better for business, we would keep it, and if it didn't work, no harm, no foul, we could put it back the way that it was, because these were temporary materials. And that was a very big part of the buy-in, much less anxiety when you think that something can be put back. But the results were overwhelming. Traffic moved better. It was much safer. Five new flagship stores opened. It's been a total home run. Times Square is now one of the top 10 retail locations on the planet. And this is an important lesson, because it doesn't need to be a zero-sum game between moving traffic and creating public space.
所以我們努力改變那種對比 而或許我們新方法的最好例子 就是在時代廣場 每天有三十五萬人 會經過時代廣場 人們已經努力數年想做些改變 他們改變號誌、改變車道 盡可能讓時代廣場變得更好 以前要跨越馬路到對向街道 是件困難又危險的事 交通一片混亂 因此沒有任何一項方法管用 所以我們用另一種的方法,規模比較大的方法 以不同的角度來看我們的街道 且試用了六個月 我們關閉百老匯的 42 街到 47 街 開闢出一塊 2.5 英畝 新的行人空間 使用臨時性器材是該計劃的重點 因為我們能夠向大家呈現 它如何作用 我們的市長很重視數據,你們大概也知道 因此一切以數據為主 如果交通因此改善了、車流更順暢、 更安全、商家生意更興隆,我們就會繼續施行 如果這項計畫沒有成效,沒關係 我們可以回歸舊有的方式 因為這些都只是暫時性的材料 而這是此項新政策非常重大的一部份 少了很多困擾,當你認為 可以回復原本的方式 但那效果卻是壓倒性的成功 交通順暢,也比以前更安全了 新開了五間旗艦店 這個計畫真是大大的成功 時代廣場現在是 全球排名十大零售點之一 這是一個很重要的課題 因它不必是一方得利另一方損失的零和局面 在改變的交通現況與創造公共空間之間
Every project has its surprises, and one of the big surprises with Times Square was how quickly people flocked to the space. We put out the orange barrels, and people just materialized immediately into the street. It was like a Star Trek episode, you know? They weren't there before, and then zzzzzt! All the people arrived. Where they'd been, I don't know, but they were there. And this actually posed an immediate challenge for us, because the street furniture had not yet arrived. So we went to a hardware store and bought hundreds of lawn chairs, and we put those lawn chairs out on the street. And the lawn chairs became the talk of the town. It wasn't about that we'd closed Broadway to cars. It was about those lawn chairs. "What did you think about the lawn chairs?" "Do you like the color of the lawn chairs?" So if you've got a big, controversial project, think about lawn chairs. (Laughter)
每項計畫都有它令人驚艷的地方 時代廣場最令人驚訝的一點就是 人們聚集的速度非常快 我們放置橘色筒狀路障 人們就突然出現聚集在街道上 看起來就像是星際大戰影集 他們之前還沒有出現在那裡,然後...嗞! 大家一下子都來了 群眾從何而來我不知道,但就出現在那裡了 事實上這給了我們一個立即性的挑戰 因為街道設施還沒有送來 所以我們去五金行 買幾百張折疊椅 我們將這些折疊椅放在街道上 這些折疊椅變成城裡的流行話題 不是在談論我們禁止車輛駛入百老匯 而是在談論這些折疊椅 「這些折疊椅你覺得怎麼樣? 你喜歡折疊椅的顏色嗎?」 所以如果你有一項大型且具爭議性的計畫 可以考慮擺一些摺疊椅看看 (笑聲)
This is the final design for Times Square, and it will create a level surface, sidewalk to sidewalk, beautiful pavers that have studs in them to reflect the light from the billboards, creating a great new energy on the street, and we think it's going to really create a great place, a new crossroads of the world that is worthy of its name. And we will be cutting the ribbon on this, the first phase, this December.
這就是時代廣場最終的設計 這將會建造平坦的路面、 人行道相互連接、 美麗的地面鋪飾還有飾釘穿插其中 來反射廣告看板的光 為街道創造出一種全新的能量 我們認為這將會真的創造出 一個很棒的地方、世界的一個新的十字路口 才配得上它的名字 我們將進行剪綵 第一階段在十二月
With all of our projects, our public space projects, we work closely with local businesses and local merchant groups who maintain the spaces, move the furniture, take care of the plants. This is in front of Macy's, and they were a big supporter of this new approach, because they understood that more people on foot is better for business.
我們所有的計畫、公共空間規畫 我們密切地與當地企業 和當地商家團體合作 他們會負責維護空間、移動擺設、 照顧花草 這是在梅西百貨公司前面,梅西百貨是 這個新方案的一大支持者 因為他們知道如果有更多人用步行的方式 對商業發展會更好
And we've done these projects all across the city in all kinds of neighborhoods. This is in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn, and you can see the short leg that was there, used for cars, that's not really needed. So what we did is we painted over the street, put down epoxy gravel, and connected the triangle to the storefronts on Grand Avenue, created a great new public space, and it's been great for businesses along Grand Avenue. We did the same thing in DUMBO, in Brooklyn, and this is one of our first projects that we did, and we took an underutilized, pretty dingy-looking parking lot and used some paint and planters to transform it over a weekend. And in the three years since we've implemented the project, retail sales have increased 172 percent. And that's twice that of adjacent areas in the same neighborhood.
我們已在這城市裡很多地方執行這些計畫 在所有鄰近區域 這是布魯克林的貝史蒂 你們可以看見那邊有矮柱在那裡 那是給車子用的,但不是真的需要 所以我們就用油漆粉刷街道 鋪上環氧樹脂砂礫路面並連接這三角形行人島 到格蘭大道的店面 創造一個全新的公共空間 這對格蘭德大道上店家的生意非常好 這對格蘭德大道上店家的生意非常好 在布魯克林的 DUMBO 我們也作了同樣的事情 而這是我們第一期計畫的其中一項工程 我們用一個未經充分利用 看起來又相當破舊的停車場 用一些油漆和盆栽 花一個週末的時間改造它 在我們實施這項計畫的三年內 零售額增加 172% 是同區鄰近地帶的兩倍之多
We've moved very, very quickly with paint and temporary materials. Instead of waiting through years of planning studies and computer models to get something done, we've done it with paint and temporary materials. And the proof is not in a computer model. It is in the real-world performance of the street. You can have fun with paint.
我們的進度非常快 用油漆和暫時性的材料 而不是等著 數年的規劃研究 與電腦模型來完成一些事 我們用油漆和暫時性材料就辦到了 這項證據並不是在電腦模型裡 而是呈現在真實世界的街頭上 油漆是很有趣的
All told, we've created over 50 pedestrian plazas in all five boroughs across the city. We've repurposed 26 acres of active car lanes and turned them into new pedestrian space.
總之,我們已創造了五十多個行人徒步區 在紐約市的五個行政區 我們將佔地 26 英畝的現有車道 變成全新的行人空間
I think one of the successes is in its emulation. You're seeing this kind of approach, since we've painted Times Square, you've seen this approach in Boston, in Chicago, in San Francisco, in Mexico City, Buenos Aires, you name it. This is actually in Los Angeles, and they actually copied even the green dots that we had on the streets. But I can't underscore enough how much more quickly this enables you to move over traditional construction methods.
我認為其中一個成功之處就是仿效競爭 你看見這類的方法 從我們粉刷時代廣場起 你已看到這種方法在波士頓、芝加哥、 舊金山、墨西哥市、 布宜諾斯艾利斯, 你講得出來的都可以看到 事實上這是在洛杉磯 他們甚至模仿我們的綠點設計 那原先是我們在街道上的創意 但我無法再多加強調 到底能讓你們進展多快 以傳統施工的方式
We also brought this quick-acting approach to our cycling program, and in six years turned cycling into a real transportation option in New York. I think it's fair to say -- (Applause) -- it used to be a fairly scary place to ride a bike, and now New York has become one of the cycling capitals in the United States.
我們也將這種速成的方法 套用在我們的自行車計畫 並且在六年內將騎自行車 變成一項實際的紐約大眾運輸選擇 我認為這麼說也不為過 (掌聲) 以前要在這裡騎自行車是相當恐怖的 現在紐約已經成為 美國的自行車都市之一了
And we moved quickly to create an interconnected network of lanes. You can see the map in 2007. This is how it looked in 2013 after we built out 350 miles of on-street bike lanes. I love this because it looks so easy. You just click it, and they're there. We also brought new designs to the street. We created the first parking-protected bike lane in the United States.
我們迅速地創造一個相互連接的 車道網絡 你可以看這張 2007 年的地圖 現在 2013 年看起來是這樣 在我們建造了 350 哩的街道自行車道之後 我很喜歡因為它看起來真簡單 你只要點一下滑鼠,它們就出現在那兒了 我們也引進新的街道設計方法 我們首創停車保護自行車道 在美國
(Applause)
(掌聲)
We protected bikers by floating parking lanes, and it's been great. Bike volumes have spiked. Injuries to all users, pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, are all down 50 percent. And we've built 30 miles of these protected bike lanes, and now you're seeing them pop up all over the country. And you can see here that this strategy has worked. The blue line is the number of cyclists, soaring. The green line is the number of bike lanes. And the yellow line is the number of injuries, which has remained essentially flat. After this big expansion, you've seen no net increase in injuries, and so there is something to that axiom that there is safety in numbers.
我們藉由流動停車道來保護自行車騎士 效果非常好 自行車數量爆增 對所有用路人,行人、自行車騎士、開車的人的傷害 都下降了 50% 我們已經建造了 30 哩長的自行車專用道 現在你可以看見這些自行車道如雨後春筍 出現在全國各地 你會發現這個策略是有效的 這條藍線代表騎自行車的人數 正快速增加 綠色的線代表自行車車道的數量 而黃線代表受傷人數 基本上都是維持水平 你發現這麼大的成長之後 受傷人數淨值並未增長 所以這裡的公理就是 這些數據是安全的
Not everybody liked the new bike lanes, and there was a lawsuit and somewhat of a media frenzy a couple years ago. One Brooklyn paper called this bike lane that we have on Prospect Park West "the most contested piece of land outside of the Gaza Strip."
並不是每個人都喜歡這些新的自行車道 過去曾發生過一件訴訟案 幾年前引發媒體狂熱 某家布魯克林報紙將這條 設在展望公園西側的自行車道 稱作是 「加薩走廊之外競爭最激烈的一塊土地」
(Laughter)
(笑聲)
And this is what we had done. So if you dig below the headlines, though, you'll see that the people were far ahead of the press, far ahead of the politicians. In fact, I think most politicians would be happy to have those kind of poll numbers. Sixty-four percent of New Yorkers support these bike lanes.
而這是我們完成的 所以如果你看完標題後繼續往下看 你會發現熱衷民眾遠勝於記者、 遠勝於政治人物 事實上我認為多數政治人物會很開心 有這樣的民調數字 有 64% 的紐約人支持這些自行車道
This summer, we launched Citi Bike, the largest bike share program in the United States, with 6,000 bikes and 330 stations located next to one another. Since we've launched the program, three million trips have been taken. People have ridden seven million miles. That's 280 times around the globe. And so with this little blue key, you can unlock the keys to the city and this brand new transportation option.
今年夏天我們開始施行 Citi Bike 〔譯註︰Citi Bike 為紐約市的公用自行車系統〕 這是美國規模最大的自行車分享計畫 有六千輛自行車 與 330 個站點,每個站點都彼此相鄰 從我們開始施行這項計畫以來 騎乘次數已達三百萬趟 共七百萬哩 相當於繞了地球 280 圈 所以只要有這把藍色小鑰匙 你就能開啟通往城市的鑰匙 與斬新交通運輸的選擇
And daily usage just continues to soar. What has happened is the average daily ridership on the streets of New York is 36,000 people. The high that we've had so far is 44,000 in August. Yesterday, 40,000 people used Citi Bike in New York City. The bikes are being used six times a day. And I think you also see it in the kinds of riders that are on the streets. In the past, it looked like the guy on the left, ninja-clad bike messenger. And today, cyclists look like New York City looks. It's diverse -- young, old, black, white, women, kids, all getting on a bike. It's an affordable, safe, convenient way to get around. Quite radical.
每日使用率不斷攀升 現在平均每日騎乘次數 在紐約街上是三萬六千人次 目前最高紀錄是八月,有四萬四千人次 昨天在紐約有四萬人使用 Citi Bike 這些腳踏車平均一日被使用六次 我想你也有看到這樣的騎士 騎在街上 過去,就像左邊這張照片裡的人一樣 穿得像忍者的自行車信差 而今天,自行車騎士 彷彿是紐約市的樣貌 很多樣化的 - 年輕人、年長者、黑人朋友、白人朋友 女人、小孩,都在騎腳踏車 這是個經濟實惠、安全又方便的代步方式 相當根本的方式
We've also brought this approach to our buses, and New York City has the largest bus fleet in North America, the slowest bus speeds. As everybody knows, you can walk across town faster than you can take the bus. And so we focused on the most congested areas of New York City, built out six bus rapid transit lines, 57 miles of new speedy bus lanes. You pay at a kiosk before you get on the bus. We've got dedicated lanes that keep cars out because they get ticketed by a camera if they use that lane, and it's been a huge success.
我們也將這種方法套用在公車系統上 紐約市有北美最大規模的公車車隊 但車速卻是北美最慢的 大家都知道的 用步行的方式從城的一邊到另一邊 比搭公車還要快 所以我們著重在 紐約最擁擠的區域 建造六條公車快速運輸路線 57 哩的新公車快速車道 上公車之前先在自助式服務亭付費 我們設有專用車道以防汽車進入 因為他們會被照相開罰單 若他們開進那條車道 這項措施非常成功
I think one of my very favorite moments as transportation commissioner was the day that we launched Citi Bike, and I was riding Citi Bike up First Avenue in my protected bike lane, and I looked over and I saw pedestrians standing safely on the pedestrian islands, and the traffic was flowing, birds were singing -- (Laughter) -- the buses were speeding up their dedicated lanes. It was just fantastic.
我認為我最喜歡的時刻之一 就是身為一位運輸委員 我們開辦 Citi Bike 的那天 我騎 Citi Bike 上第一大道 騎在我規劃的自行車專用道上 我四處看看,而我看到行人 安全地站在行人島上 車潮川流不息 鳥兒在歌唱 (笑聲) 公車在專用車道上加速行駛 感覺真的很棒
And this is how it looked six years ago.
而六年前看起來是這個樣子的
And so, I think that the lesson that we have from New York is that it's possible to change your streets quickly, it's not expensive, it can provide immediate benefits, and it can be quite popular. You just need to reimagine your streets. They're hidden in plain sight.
所以我認為我們 從紐約這個例子學到的就是 快速改變街道是可以辦到的 這麼做並不昂貴也能立即見效 大家也非常喜歡 你只需要重新想像街道 而那就隱身在我們的眼前
Thank you.
謝謝大家
(Applause)
(掌聲)