The work of a transportation commissioner isn't just about stop signs and traffic signals. It involves the design of cities and the design of city streets. Streets are some of the most valuable resources that a city has, and yet it's an asset that's largely hidden in plain sight. And the lesson from New York over the past six years is that you can update this asset. You can remake your streets quickly, inexpensively, it can provide immediate benefits, and it can be quite popular. You just need to look at them a little differently.
一名交通专员的工作 不仅限于停车标志和交通信号灯 它也涉及城市的设计 以及城市道路的设计 街道可以称得上是 一个城市最为宝贵的资源了 虽然这笔资产不那么显而易见 过去六年的纽约 教会我们 如何不断更新这笔资产 你可以以迅速和经济的方式改造你的街道 得到立竿见影的效果, 并且倍受欢迎 而你只需要转变一点点角度去看待它们就好了
This is important because we live in an urban age. For the first time in history, most people live in cities, and the U.N. estimates that over the next 40 years, the population is going to double on the planet. So the design of cities is a key issue for our future. Mayor Bloomberg recognized this when he launched PlaNYC in 2007. The plan recognized that cities are in a global marketplace, and that if we're going to continue to grow and thrive and to attract the million more people that are expected to move here, we need to focus on the quality of life and the efficiency of our infrastructure.
这对生活在城市时代的我们非常重要 历史上从未有过像今天这样 大多数人生活在城市里 据联合国估计 全球人口在未来40年将会翻一翻 因此城市设计在未来也会非常重要 2007年PlaNYC(规划纽约)项目启动的时候 市长彭博就意识到了这一点 这个项目认为城市 是处于一个全球市场中 如果我们继续发展壮大 吸引上百万的潜在人口 迁移到这里来 我们就必须关注这里的生活质量 以及基础设施的有效性
For many cities, our streets have been in a kind of suspended animation for generations. This is a picture of Times Square in the '50s, and despite all of the technological innovation, cultural changes, political changes, this is Times Square in 2008. Not much has changed in those 50 years. So we worked hard to refocus our agenda, to maximize efficient mobility, providing more room for buses, more room for bikes, more room for people to enjoy the city, and to make our streets as safe as they can be for everybody that uses them.
我们很多城市的道路 很多年都处于一种有点停滞不前的状态 这是一幅五十年代泰晤士广场的图片 经历了这么多年的科技进步 文化变迁和政治变革后 2008年的泰晤士广场是这样的 在这50年没有什么太大的变化 所以我们非常努力的调整计划 最大化移动效率 为公交车和自行车提供更多的空间 为人们提供享受城市生活的空间 让这个城市对每个人所在的人 都提供尽可能的安全
We set out a clear action plan with goals and benchmarks. Having goals is important, because if you want to change and steer the ship of a big city in a new direction, you need to know where you're going and why.
我们制定了有明确目标和路标的 行动计划 目标是非常重要的 如果想要掌控并改变 一个大都市的发展方向 你需要知道你要往哪里走?你的目的是什么?
The design of a street can tell you everything about what's expected on it. In this case, it's expected that you shelter in place. The design of this street is really to maximize the movement of cars moving as quickly as possible from point A to point B, and it misses all the other ways that a street is used.
道路的设计就可以告诉你 所有这些最初期望的 这样,我们有望能安居在适宜的地方 街道的设计的确是为了 使车辆在两点之间 移动的速度 尽可能迅速 而这个忽略了 街道的其他用途
When we started out, we did some early surveys about how our streets were used, and we found that New York City was largely a city without seats. Pictures like this, people perched on a fire hydrant, not the mark of a world-class city. (Laughter) It's not great for parents with kids. It's not great for seniors. It's not great for retailers. It's probably not good for the fire hydrants. Certainly not good for the police department.
一开始我们做了调研 有关早些年道路是如何被利用的 我们发现纽约其实是一个 完全没有椅子的城市 看看这些图片,人们竟然坐在消防栓上 这完全不是一个世界级的城市该有的样子 (笑声) 这对带小孩的父母 对老年人、零售商 甚至消防栓都不怎么好 当然对警察局也不是什么好事儿
So we worked hard to change that balance, and probably the best example of our new approach is in Times Square. Three hundred and fifty thousand people a day walk through Times Square, and people had tried for years to make changes. They changed signals, they changed lanes, everything they could do to make Times Square work better. It was dangerous, hard to cross the street. It was chaotic. And so, none of those approaches worked, so we took a different approach, a bigger approach, looked at our street differently. And so we did a six-month pilot. We closed Broadway from 42nd Street to 47th Street and created two and a half acres of new pedestrian space. And the temporary materials are an important part of the program, because we were able to show how it worked. And I work for a data-driven mayor, as you probably know. So it was all about the data. So if it worked better for traffic, if it was better for mobility, if it was safer, better for business, we would keep it, and if it didn't work, no harm, no foul, we could put it back the way that it was, because these were temporary materials. And that was a very big part of the buy-in, much less anxiety when you think that something can be put back. But the results were overwhelming. Traffic moved better. It was much safer. Five new flagship stores opened. It's been a total home run. Times Square is now one of the top 10 retail locations on the planet. And this is an important lesson, because it doesn't need to be a zero-sum game between moving traffic and creating public space.
所以我们努力想打破这种平衡 也许我们关于泰晤士广场的新方案 是一个再好不过的例子 每天有35万的人 穿过泰晤士广场 很多年来人们都在尝试各种努力 能使泰晤士广场更适合步行 例如像改进信号灯、改变道路等 但是改进之后过马路还是很危险 还是很混乱. 那些方法都没有起作用 所以我们选择换一种方式看待我们的街道 选择对它进行完全不同的、巨大的改变 我们先做了六个月的试点 关闭了百老汇的42到47街 建造了2.5英亩的 全新的徒步区 临时材料是这个工程最为重要的部分 因为我们要用它 来证明我们方案的效果 也许你知道我们的市长是需要拿数据说话的 所以这些都取决于最终的数据 如果它能对交通、对车辆移动性有效 能够更安全并且有助于商业的发展,那么就保留它 否则即便它没什么效果,也是完全无妨害的 我们完全可以把它恢复成最初的样子 这都取决于我们所用的临时材料 这是一批相当巨大的投入 更别提一想起要恢复它们时 心里的那种焦虑 最终的结果是相当有说服力的 交通变得更加便捷和安全 五家新的旗舰店开业了 我们胜利完成任务 现在泰晤士广场已经是 全球排名前十的零售商区 这给我们上了重要的一课 交通和公共空间 其实可以不是一场零和博弈
Every project has its surprises, and one of the big surprises with Times Square was how quickly people flocked to the space. We put out the orange barrels, and people just materialized immediately into the street. It was like a Star Trek episode, you know? They weren't there before, and then zzzzzt! All the people arrived. Where they'd been, I don't know, but they were there. And this actually posed an immediate challenge for us, because the street furniture had not yet arrived. So we went to a hardware store and bought hundreds of lawn chairs, and we put those lawn chairs out on the street. And the lawn chairs became the talk of the town. It wasn't about that we'd closed Broadway to cars. It was about those lawn chairs. "What did you think about the lawn chairs?" "Do you like the color of the lawn chairs?" So if you've got a big, controversial project, think about lawn chairs. (Laughter)
每项工程都能有不可思议的地方 泰晤士广场让人最惊奇的地方之一 就是人们能多么迅速的聚集在一起 我们放置了橙色圆椎筒 人们就立刻突然出现在街道上 就像星际迷航中的片段,对吧? 他们之前并不在那儿,而一眨眼的功夫 所有人都冒了出来. 他们之前在那儿?我不知道,反正他们冒了出来 因为街道上的公共设施还没有安置 所以这也马上带给我们一个新的挑战 我们去五金店 买了数百个草坪躺椅 放置在街道上 这些躺椅于是就变成了热门话题 大家谈论的不是我们如何为车辆关闭了百老汇 而是这些躺椅 “你觉得这些躺椅怎么样?” “你喜欢它们的颜色吗?” 所以,当你在进行一项具有争议的大工程时 想想这些躺椅吧! (笑声)
This is the final design for Times Square, and it will create a level surface, sidewalk to sidewalk, beautiful pavers that have studs in them to reflect the light from the billboards, creating a great new energy on the street, and we think it's going to really create a great place, a new crossroads of the world that is worthy of its name. And we will be cutting the ribbon on this, the first phase, this December.
这是泰晤士广场的最终设计 人行道之间的 水平地面 采用了漂亮的铺路材料 嵌入了反光路钉,于是可以反射广告牌上的光 让整个街道都放射出新的能量 我们觉得它会成为一个很棒的地方 一个全新的名符其实的 “世界之十字路口” 今年十二月 我们将举行首期的剪彩仪式
With all of our projects, our public space projects, we work closely with local businesses and local merchant groups who maintain the spaces, move the furniture, take care of the plants. This is in front of Macy's, and they were a big supporter of this new approach, because they understood that more people on foot is better for business.
在所有的城市空间项目中 我们与本地商业界 以及商业组织实现了紧密的合作 他们进行空间维护、设施安置 还种植花花草草 这是梅西百货店前 这是我们这个方案的有力支持者 他们深知更多的步行者将会带来 更好的生意
And we've done these projects all across the city in all kinds of neighborhoods. This is in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn, and you can see the short leg that was there, used for cars, that's not really needed. So what we did is we painted over the street, put down epoxy gravel, and connected the triangle to the storefronts on Grand Avenue, created a great new public space, and it's been great for businesses along Grand Avenue. We did the same thing in DUMBO, in Brooklyn, and this is one of our first projects that we did, and we took an underutilized, pretty dingy-looking parking lot and used some paint and planters to transform it over a weekend. And in the three years since we've implemented the project, retail sales have increased 172 percent. And that's twice that of adjacent areas in the same neighborhood.
我们在全城各种各样的社区 都做了这三个工程 这是在布鲁克林的贝德福德-斯泰森特 你可以看见这些留给车用的短小区域 其实这个并不是必需的 于是我们装饰了整个街道 铺上了环氧砾石,将这个三角地带与 Grand Avenue 的店面连接起来 建造了一片新的很棒的公共空间 这对Grand Avenue一带的生意 也非常有好处 我们在布鲁克林的也做了同样的事情 这是我们早期的工程之一 我们选择了一个没有被充分利用的 脏乱的停车场 用涂料和植物 和一个周末的时间就使它焕然一新 这项工程之后的三年里 这里的零售销量增加了172% 是周围相同街区的两倍
We've moved very, very quickly with paint and temporary materials. Instead of waiting through years of planning studies and computer models to get something done, we've done it with paint and temporary materials. And the proof is not in a computer model. It is in the real-world performance of the street. You can have fun with paint.
我们借助这些涂料和临时材料 进展速度可以非常快 我们没有花很多年去等待 规划研究或者是计算机模型分析 搞定这些 而是用装饰和临时材料解决了问题 这些都是计算机模型没法去证明的 而是在现实生活街道的效果中 你真的可以享受于这些装饰
All told, we've created over 50 pedestrian plazas in all five boroughs across the city. We've repurposed 26 acres of active car lanes and turned them into new pedestrian space.
我们创建了这个城市五个区的 超过五十个购物广场 我们将26英亩的在用车行道 改造为新的步行广场
I think one of the successes is in its emulation. You're seeing this kind of approach, since we've painted Times Square, you've seen this approach in Boston, in Chicago, in San Francisco, in Mexico City, Buenos Aires, you name it. This is actually in Los Angeles, and they actually copied even the green dots that we had on the streets. But I can't underscore enough how much more quickly this enables you to move over traditional construction methods.
我觉得其中一个成功之处在于它的被效仿 从泰晤士广场被装饰之后 你可以在波士顿、芝加哥 看到这种类型的方案 旧金山、墨西哥城 布宜诺斯艾利斯,很多很多城市 这是在洛杉矶 甚至连我们在街道上涂的绿圈圈 也被模仿了 我没法描述它使我们 多么迅速地跨越了 传统的建筑方法
We also brought this quick-acting approach to our cycling program, and in six years turned cycling into a real transportation option in New York. I think it's fair to say -- (Applause) -- it used to be a fairly scary place to ride a bike, and now New York has become one of the cycling capitals in the United States.
我们也把这种速效的方法 用到了我们的自行车项目中 用了六年时间就让自行车 成为纽约的一种交通工具 我想可以毫不夸张的说―― (掌声) 之前纽约是一个骑自行车很危险的地方 而现在它已经成为 美国的几大自行车城之一
And we moved quickly to create an interconnected network of lanes. You can see the map in 2007. This is how it looked in 2013 after we built out 350 miles of on-street bike lanes. I love this because it looks so easy. You just click it, and they're there. We also brought new designs to the street. We created the first parking-protected bike lane in the United States.
我们已非常快的速度建造了 互联的车道网络 你可以看看2007年的地图 这是2013年 我们建了超过350英里的自行车道之后的样子 我喜欢这种简单方式 只需要点击一下鼠标就可以了 我们也引入了一些新的设计 建造了美国第一个 汽车不能占用停靠的自行车道
(Applause)
(掌声)
We protected bikers by floating parking lanes, and it's been great. Bike volumes have spiked. Injuries to all users, pedestrians, cyclists, drivers, are all down 50 percent. And we've built 30 miles of these protected bike lanes, and now you're seeing them pop up all over the country. And you can see here that this strategy has worked. The blue line is the number of cyclists, soaring. The green line is the number of bike lanes. And the yellow line is the number of injuries, which has remained essentially flat. After this big expansion, you've seen no net increase in injuries, and so there is something to that axiom that there is safety in numbers.
我们利用流动停车车道保护骑车的人 效果很棒 自行车数目迅速攀升 而对所有人的伤害,包括行人、骑行者以及司机 降到了50% 我们当时建造了30英里这样的保护车道 而现在在整个国家 已经随处可见 你可以看到这种方法的确是奏效的 这条蓝线是迅速增长的 骑行者数目 绿线是自行车道数目 蓝色是受伤者 可以看出基本没什么变化 在自行车急剧扩张后 受伤者数目几乎没有增长 用一句格言 “数据是安全的”
Not everybody liked the new bike lanes, and there was a lawsuit and somewhat of a media frenzy a couple years ago. One Brooklyn paper called this bike lane that we have on Prospect Park West "the most contested piece of land outside of the Gaza Strip."
但是,并不是所有人都喜欢这个新的自行车道 几年前有这样一个诉讼案件 当时还引起过媒体的骚动 布鲁克林的一个报纸把我们 在展望公园西街的自行车道 “加沙地带外的 最有争议之地”
(Laughter)
(笑声)
And this is what we had done. So if you dig below the headlines, though, you'll see that the people were far ahead of the press, far ahead of the politicians. In fact, I think most politicians would be happy to have those kind of poll numbers. Sixty-four percent of New Yorkers support these bike lanes.
这正是我们所做的 如果你读读标题下面的文字 你会发现热衷民众多于 那些媒体以及政治人物 事实上,我想大多数的政治人物将对 这样的投票数目非常满意 64%的纽约市民都支持我们的自行车车道
This summer, we launched Citi Bike, the largest bike share program in the United States, with 6,000 bikes and 330 stations located next to one another. Since we've launched the program, three million trips have been taken. People have ridden seven million miles. That's 280 times around the globe. And so with this little blue key, you can unlock the keys to the city and this brand new transportation option.
这个夏天我们启动了Citi Bike项目 这是美国规模最大的公共自行车计划 有6000辆自行车和 位置邻近的330个车站参与其中 自从我们启动这个项目以来 已经有过多达三百万次 七百万英里的骑行 这相当于环绕地球280圈 有了这把蓝色小钥匙 你就可以开启通向这个城市的钥匙 并拥有这个全新的交通选择
And daily usage just continues to soar. What has happened is the average daily ridership on the streets of New York is 36,000 people. The high that we've had so far is 44,000 in August. Yesterday, 40,000 people used Citi Bike in New York City. The bikes are being used six times a day. And I think you also see it in the kinds of riders that are on the streets. In the past, it looked like the guy on the left, ninja-clad bike messenger. And today, cyclists look like New York City looks. It's diverse -- young, old, black, white, women, kids, all getting on a bike. It's an affordable, safe, convenient way to get around. Quite radical.
日均使用量持续在攀升 纽约每天利用公共交通工具的 乘车人数有36,000 截至目前我们达到的峰值是八月份的44,000 昨天整个纽约有40,000的人用了Citi Bike 这些自行车每天要用大约6次 我想你可以在街上看到 各种各样的骑行者 过去他们就像左边这张照片里的人一样 打扮成忍者的自行车信差 而今天骑自行车的人 就像纽约城一样多样化 年轻人老人,黑人白人 妇女儿童都在骑自行车 这的确是一种经济、安全并且便捷的交通方式 最原本的方式
We've also brought this approach to our buses, and New York City has the largest bus fleet in North America, the slowest bus speeds. As everybody knows, you can walk across town faster than you can take the bus. And so we focused on the most congested areas of New York City, built out six bus rapid transit lines, 57 miles of new speedy bus lanes. You pay at a kiosk before you get on the bus. We've got dedicated lanes that keep cars out because they get ticketed by a camera if they use that lane, and it's been a huge success.
我们把这个方法也用到了公交车上 我们知道美国拥有北美最庞大 速度最慢的公交车流 谁都知道 你在这个地方走路 都要比巴士快 我们的主要精力集中在 纽约最拥塞的地区 新建了六条长达57英里的 巴士捷运路线 上车前只需要在自助服务厅买票 我们有巴士专用线路 因为有摄像罚单 有效的阻止了非公交机动车的进入 这是一个巨大成功
I think one of my very favorite moments as transportation commissioner was the day that we launched Citi Bike, and I was riding Citi Bike up First Avenue in my protected bike lane, and I looked over and I saw pedestrians standing safely on the pedestrian islands, and the traffic was flowing, birds were singing -- (Laughter) -- the buses were speeding up their dedicated lanes. It was just fantastic.
作为一名交通专员 我觉得自己最享受的时刻就是在 我们启动Citi Bike项目的那天 我骑着Citi Bike到了第一大道 上了我设计的自行车专用车道 我四处看看,看到许多行人 安全的站在安全岛 车流不息 鸟儿高歌 (笑声) -- 巴士在专用车道上加速 这简直太不可思议了
And this is how it looked six years ago.
而六年前它是这个样子
And so, I think that the lesson that we have from New York is that it's possible to change your streets quickly, it's not expensive, it can provide immediate benefits, and it can be quite popular. You just need to reimagine your streets. They're hidden in plain sight.
我想纽约的例子 告诉我们 迅速改造我们的街道是完全可能的 造价不高而且可以带来即期利益 深受大家喜欢 你只需要重新想象你的街道 他们就会在眼前
Thank you.
谢谢
(Applause)
(掌声)