I have had the distinct pleasure of living inside two biospheres. Of course we all here in this room live in Biosphere 1. I've also lived in Biosphere 2. And the wonderful thing about that is that I get to compare biospheres. And hopefully from that I get to learn something.
Mul on olnud rõõm elada kahes biosfääris. Meie siin ruumis elame loomulikult Biosfääris 1. Mina olen elanud ka Biosfääris 2. Ja asja võlu on selles, et ma saan biosfääre omavahel võrrelda ja loodetavasti sellest midagi õppida.
So what did I learn? Well, here I am inside Biosphere 2, making a pizza. So I am harvesting the wheat, in order to make the dough. And then of course I have to milk the goats and feed the goats in order to make the cheese. It took me four months in Biosphere 2 to make a pizza. Here in Biosphere 1, well it takes me about two minutes, because I pick up the phone and I call and say, "Hey, can you deliver the pizza?"
Mida ma siis õppisin? Noh, siin ma olen Biosfääris 2, valmistan pitsat. Niisiis ma koristan nisu, et teha sellest tainast. Ja siis pean ma loomulikult kitsi lüpsma ja neid toitma, et teha juustu. Biosfääris 2 võttis mul pitsa tegemine aega neli kuud. Siin, Biosfääris 1, võtab see umbes kaks minutit, sest ma võtan telefonitoru ja helistan ja ütlen: "Tere, kas te tooksite mulle pitsa koju?"
So Biosphere 2 was essentially a three-acre, entirely sealed, miniature world that I lived in for two years and 20 minutes. (Laughter) Over the top it was sealed with steel and glass, underneath it was sealed with a pan of steel -- essentially entirely sealed. So we had our own miniature rainforest, a private beach with a coral reef. We had a savanna, a marsh, a desert. We had our own half-acre farm that we had to grow everything. And of course we had our human habitat, where we lived.
Biosfäär 2 oli põhimõtteliselt 3-aakrine täielikult suletud, miniatuurne maailm, kus ma elasin kaks aastat ja 20 minutit. (Naer) Ülevalt oli see suletud terase ja klaasiga, altpoolt terasest plaatidega -- põhimõtteliselt täiesti kinni pitseeritud. Meil oli oma miniatuurne vihmamets, korallrifiga isiklik rand. Meil olid savann, soo, kõrb. Meil oli oma poole-aakrine farm, kus me pidime kõike kasvatama. Ja loomulikult oli meil meie inimasula, kus me elasime.
Back in the mid-'80s when we were designing Biosphere 2, we had to ask ourselves some pretty basic questions. I mean, what is a biosphere? Back then, yes, I guess we all know now that it is essentially the sphere of life around the Earth, right? Well, you have to get a little more specific than that if you're going to build one. And so we decided that what it really is is that it is entirely materially closed -- that is, nothing goes in or out at all, no material -- and energetically open, which is essentially what planet Earth is.
80ndatel, kui me Biosfäär 2-e kavandasime, pidime endilt küsima mõningaid väga elementaarseid küsimusi. Mis asi on üldse biosfäär? Küllap me kõik nüüd teame, et see on põhimõtteliselt eluslooduse sfäär ümber Maa, eksole? Noh, sa pead natuke täpsem olema, kui sa kavatsed ühte sellist ehitada. Ja nii me otsustasime, et tegelikult on see miski, mis on täielikult, materiaalselt suletud - see tähendab, ükski aine ei lähe sisse ega tule välja - ja samas energeetiliselt avatud, see on oma põhiolemuselt sama mis Maa.
This is a chamber that was 1/400th the size of Biosphere 2 that we called our Test Module. And the very first day that this fellow, John Allen, walked in, to spend a couple of days in there with all the plants and animals and bacteria that we'd put in there to hopefully keep him alive, the doctors were incredibly concerned that he was going to succumb to some dreadful toxin, or that his lungs were going to get choked with bacteria or something, fungus. But of course none of that happened.
Siin on ruum, mis on 1/400 kogu Biosfäär 2 suurusest, me kutsusime seda testimismooduliks. Ja esimesel päeval, mil see mees, John Allen, sinna sisenes, et veeta seal paar päeva koos kõikide taimede, loomade ja bakteritega, mis me olime sinna paigutanud, et teda loodetavasti elus hoida, olid arstid sügavalt mures, et ta langeb mõne kohutava mürkaine ohvriks või et mõni bakter või seen lämmatab ta kopsud. Seda loomulikult ei juhtunud.
And over the ensuing few years, there were great sagas about designing Biosphere 2. But by 1991 we finally had this thing built. And it was time for us to go in and give it a go. We needed to know, is life this malleable? Can you take this biosphere, that has evolved on a planetary scale, and jam it into a little bottle, and will it survive? Big questions. And we wanted to know this both for being able to go somewhere else in the universe -- if we were going to go to Mars, for instance, would we take a biosphere with us, to live in it? We also wanted to know so we can understand more about the Earth that we all live in. Well, in 1991 it was finally time for us to go in and try out this baby. Let's take it on a maiden voyage. Will it work? Or will something happen that we can't understand and we can't fix, thereby negating the concept of man-made biospheres?
Järgneva mõne aasta jooksul saatsid Biosfäär 2 kavandamist mitmed suured saagad. Ent 1991. aastaks olime selle lõpuks valmis ehitanud. Meil oli aeg sisse kolida ja tööd alustada. Meil oli vaja teada, kas elusloodus ongi nii hästi kohanev? Kas saab võtta selle biosfääri, mis on arenenud terve planeedi ulatuses, ja toppida selle väikesesse pudelisse, kas see jääb siis ellu? Suured küsimused. Me tahtsime seda teada juhuks, kui me saaks minna kusagile mujale universumis - kui me tahaksime näiteks minna Marsile, kas me võtaks biosfääri endaga kaasa, et selles elada? Me tahtsime ka paremini mõista planeet Maad, kus me kõik elame. 1991. aastal oli lõpuks aeg minna ja tehtu järele proovida. Katsetame teda esimest korda. Kas see töötab? Või juhtub midagi, millest me aru ei saa ja mida me parandada ei oska, kandes seega maha inimese poolt ehitatud biosfääri idee?
So eight of us went in: four men and four women. More on that later. (Laughter) And this is the world that we lived in. So, on the top, we had these beautiful rainforests and an ocean, and underneath we had all this technosphere, we called it, which is where all the pumps and the valves and the water tanks and the air handlers, and all of that. One of the Biospherians called it "garden of Eden on top of an aircraft carrier." And then also we had the human habitat of course, with the laboratories, and all of that. This is the agriculture. It was essentially an organic farm.
Kaheksa inimest: neli meest ja neli naist, läksid sisse. Sellest hiljem. (Naer) Ja see on maailm, kus me elasime. Üleval olid need ilusad vihmametsad ja ookean, ja kõige selle all oli 'tehnosfäär', nagu me seda kutsusime, kus olid kõik pumbad ja ventiilid ja veepaagid ja õhuvahendajad ja kõik muu selline. Üks biosfäärlastest kutsus seda "Lennukikandja peal asuvaks Eedeni aiaks". Ja siis oli loomulikult meie elupaik, kus olid laborid ja kõik muu seesugune. Siin on põllumajandus. See oli põhimõtteliselt orgaaniline farm.
The day I walked into Biosphere 2, I was, for the first time, breathing a completely different atmosphere than everybody else in the world, except seven other people. At that moment I became part of that biosphere. And I don't mean that in an abstract sense; I mean it rather literally. When I breathed out, my CO2 fed the sweet potatoes that I was growing. And we ate an awful lot of the sweet potatoes. (Laughter) And those sweet potatoes became part of me. In fact, we ate so many sweet potatoes I became orange with sweet potato. I literally was eating the same carbon over and over again. I was eating myself in some strange sort of bizarre way.
Päeval, kui ma Biosfäär 2-e sisenesin, hingasin ma esimest korda sisse täiesti teistsugust atmosfääri kui keegi teine maailmas, välja arvatud meie 7 inimest. Sel hetkel sain ma osaks sellest biosfäärist. Ja ma ei mõtle seda kuidagi kujundlikult, vaid sõna otseses mõttes. Kui ma välja hingasin, läks minu CO2 nendesse maguskartulitesse, mida ma kasvatasin. Me sõime päris palju maguskartuleid. (Naer) Ja need kartulid said osaks minust. Õigupoolest, me sõime nii palju maguskartuleid, et ma värvusin nendest oranžiks. Ma sõin kogu aeg sama süsinikku. Mingil veidral viisil sõin ma justkui iseennast.
When it came to our atmosphere, however, it wasn't that much of a joke over the long term, because it turned out that we were losing oxygen, quite a lot of oxygen. And we knew that we were losing CO2. And so we were working to sequester carbon. Good lord -- we know that term now. We were growing plants like crazy. We were taking their biomass, storing them in the basement, growing plants, going around, around, around, trying to take all of that carbon out of the atmosphere. We were trying to stop carbon from going into the atmosphere. We stopped irrigating our soil, as much as we could. We stopped tilling, so that we could prevent greenhouse gasses from going into the air. But our oxygen was going down faster than our CO2 was going up, which was quite unexpected, because we had seen them going in tandem in the test module. And it was like playing atomic hide-and-seek. We had lost seven tons of oxygen. And we had no clue where it was.
Mis puutub aga atmosfääri, siis see ei olnud pikema aja möödudes enam naljakas, kuna ilmnes, et me kaotame hapnikku, väga palju hapnikku. Ja me teadsime, et kaotame ka CO2-e. Ja nii me töötasime süsiniku eraldamise kallal. Püha Jumal - nüüd me teame seda terminit. Me kasvatasime taimi nagu segased. Võtsime nende biomassi, paigutasime neid keldrisse, kasvatasime taimi, uuesti ja uuesti ja uuesti, üritades kogu seda süsinikku atmosfäärist eemaldada. Me üritasime takistada süsiniku liikumist atmosfääri. Me lõpetasime pinnase niisutamise, nii palju kui võimalik. Me lõpetasime maaharimise, et takistada kasvuhoonegaaside eraldumist õhku. Aga meie hapnik vähenes kiiremini kui CO2 kogus suurenes, mis oli üsna ootamatu, sest me olime testimiskapsli põhjal näinud, et nad muutuvad võrdsel tasemel. Ja see oli nagu aatomitega peitusemäng. Me olime kaotanud 7 tonni hapnikku. Ja meil polnud aimugi, kus see oli.
And I tell you, when you lose a lot of oxygen -- and our oxygen went down quite far; it went from 21 percent down to 14.2 percent -- my goodness, do you feel dreadful. I mean we were dragging ourselves around the Biosphere. And we had sleep apnea at night. So you'd wake up gasping with breath, because your blood chemistry has changed. And that you literally do that. You stop breathing and then you -- (Gasps) -- take a breath and it wakes you up. And it's very irritating. And everybody outside thought we were dying. I mean, the media was making it sound like were were dying. And I had to call up my mother every other day saying, "No, Mum, it's fine, fine. We're not dead. We're fine. We're fine." And the doctor was, in fact, checking us to make sure we were, in fact, fine. But in fact he was the person who was most susceptible to the oxygen. And one day he couldn't add up a line of figures. And it was time for us to put oxygen in. And you might think, well, "Boy, your life support system was failing you. Wasn't that dreadful?" Yes. In a sense it was terrifying. Except that I knew I could walk out the airlock door at any time, if it really got bad, though who was going to say, "I can't take it anymore!"? Not me, that was for sure.
Ma võin teile öelda, kui sa kaotad palju hapnikku - ja meie hapnikutase langes päris kõvasti; see langes 21 protsendilt 14,2 protsendini - heldus, su enesetunne on kohutav. Me lausa lohistasime end selles biosfääris ringi. Ja öösiti oli meil uneapnoe. Me ärkasime õhku ahmides üles, sest meie vere koostis oli muutunud. Ja see tõesti ongi nii. Sa lõpetad hingamise ja siis - teed sügava hingetõmbe ja see äratab su üles. See on väga ärritav. Ja kõik väljaspool arvasid, et me oleme suremas. Meedia jättis mulje, otsekui oleks me suremas. Ja ma pidin üle ühe päeva oma emale helistama ja ütlema "Ei, ema, kõik on korras. Me pole surnud. Kõik on korras." Ja arst ju õigupoolest kontrollis meid, et teha kindlaks, et meiega on tõesti kõik korras. Aga tema ise oli tegelikult hapnikule kõige vastuvõtlikum. Ja ühel päeval ei suutnud ta rida numbreid kokku liita. Meil oli aeg hapnik kunstlikult sisse lasta. Ja te võite ju mõelda: "Teid elus hoidev süsteem vedas teid alt. Kas see polnud kohutav?" Jah. Mõnes mõttes oli see hirmuäratav. Ainult et ma teadsin, et võin õhulüüsi ukse kaudu iga kell välja kõndida, kui asjalood tõesti halvaks oleks muutunud, aga kes meist oleks öelnud: "Ma ei talu seda enam!" Mina igatahes mitte, kohe kindlasti.
But on the other hand, it was the scientific gold of the project, because we could really crank this baby up, as a scientific tool, and see if we could, in fact, find where those seven tons of oxygen had gone. And we did indeed find it. And we found it in the concrete. Essentially it had done something very simple. We had put too much carbon in the soil in the form of compost. It broke down; it took oxygen out of the air; it put CO2 into the air; and it went into the concrete. Pretty straightforward really.
Teisest küljest oli see projekti kullakaevandus, sest me saime selle teadusliku tööriista tõeliselt käima lükata ja vaadata, kas me leiame, kuhu need 7 tonni hapnikku olid kadunud. Ja tõesti, leidsimegi. Me leidsime selle betoonist. Põhimõtteliselt oli toimunud midagi väga lihtsat. Me olime pinnasele lisanud liiga palju väetise kujul olevat süsinikku. See lagunes; võttis õhust hapnikku; andis asemele CO2-e ja sisenes betooni. Päris lihtne.
So at the end of the two years when we came out, we were elated, because, in fact, although you might say we had discovered something that was quite "uhh," when your oxygen is going down, stopped working, essentially, in your life support system, that's a very bad failure. Except that we knew what it was. And we knew how to fix it. And nothing else emerged that really was as serious as that. And we proved the concept, more or less. People, on the other hand, was a different subject. We were -- yeah I don't know that we were fixable. We all went quite nuts, I will say.
Nii et kahe aasta lõppedes, kui me välja tulime, olime väga elevil, sest kuigi me olime, kuidas öelda, avastanud midagi päris nõmedat, kui sul ei ole piisavalt hapnikku, kui sellest ei piisa sind elus hoidvasse süsteemi, see on väga tõsine läbikukkumine. Ainult et meie teadsime, milles probleem oli. Ja me oskasime seda parandada. Ja see oli kõige olulisem asi, mille me avastasime. Ja me tõestasime oma kontseptsiooni, enam-vähem. Inimesed, teisest küljest, olid hoopis teine teema. Me olime - jah, ma ei tea, kas meiega sai midagi ette võtta. Me olime kõik peast põrunud.
And the day I came out of Biosphere 2, I was thrilled I was going to see all my family and my friends. For two years I'd been seeing people through the glass. And everybody ran up to me. And I recoiled. They stank! People stink! We stink of hairspray and underarm deodorant, and all kinds of stuff. Now we had stuff inside Biosphere to keep ourselves clean, but nothing with perfume. And boy do we stink out here. Not only that, but I lost touch of where my food came from. I had been growing all my own food. I had no idea what was in my food, where it came from. I didn't even recognize half the names in most of the food that I was eating. In fact, I would stand for hours in the aisles of shops, reading all the names on all of the things. People must have thought I was nuts. It was really quite astonishing. And I slowly lost track of where I was in this big biosphere, in this big biosphere that we all live in. In Biosphere 2 I totally understood that I had a huge impact on my biosphere, everyday, and it had an impact on me, very viscerally, very literally.
Päeval, mil ma Biosfäär 2-st välja tulin, olin oma pere ja sõprade nägemisest väga elevil. Kahe aasta jooksul olin vaadanud inimesi läbi klaasi. Kõik jooksid minu juurde. Ja ma põrkasin tagasi. Nad haisesid! Inimesed haisevad! We haiseme juukselakist ja deodorandist, kõigest. Meil oli Biosfääris küll asju, millega ennast puhtana hoida, aga mitte midagi lõhnaainetega. Ja appi, kuidas me siin haiseme. Mitte ainult seda, ma kaotasin ka kontakti oma toiduga. Ma olin kasvatanud oma toitu ise. Nüüd polnud mul aimugi, mis mu toidus oli, kustkohast see tuli. Ma ei tundnud ära pooli koostisainete nimesid, mis mu toidus olid. Ma veetsin tunde poes riiulite vahekäikudes, lugedes kõiki koostisaineid. Küllap inimesed arvasid, et olen peast põrunud. See oli päris hämmastav. Ja ma ei suutnud jälgida kus ma selles suures biosfääris olen, selles, kus me kõik elame. Biosfäär 2-s sain ma täiesti aru, et ma mõjutasin oma biosfääri tohutult, iga päev, ja et see mõjutas mind, väga tuntavalt, väga otseselt.
So I went about my business: Paragon Space Development Corporation, a little firm I started with people while I was in the Biosphere, because I had nothing else to do. And one of the things we did was try to figure out: how small can you make these biospheres, and what can you do with them? And so we sent one onto the Mir Space Station. We had one on the shuttle and one on the International Space Station, for 16 months, where we managed to produce the first organisms to go through complete multiple life cycles in space -- really pushing the envelope of understanding how malleable our life systems are.
Ma ajasin vaikselt oma asju: Paragoni Kosmosetehnoloogia Arendusettevõttes, väikses firmas, mille me Biosfääris koos teistega asutasime, sest mul ei olnud midagi muud teha. Üks asi, millega me tegelesime, oli uurida: kui väikseid biosfääre saab üldse teha, ja mida nendega teha saab? Me saatsime ühe biosfääri Mir-i kosmosejaama. Üks oli süstikus ja teine rahvusvahelises kosmosejaamas, 16 kuu jooksul õnnestus meil toota esimesed organismid, mis läbisid terve oma elutsükli kosmoses laiendades meie elusüsteemide kohanemisvõime mõistmise piire.
And I'm also proud to announce that you're getting a sneak preview -- on Friday we're going to announce that we're actually forming a team to develop a system to grow plants on the Moon, which is going to be pretty fun. And the legacy of that is a system that we were designing: an entirely sealed system to grow plants to grow on Mars. And part of that is that we had to model very rapid circulation of CO2 and oxygen and water through this plant system.
Ma olen ka uhke, et te saate esimesena teada - reedel teatame me, et paneme kokku meeskonna, kes arendaks välja süsteemi, kuidas Kuul taimi kasvatada, see saab lõbus olema. Ja selle pärandiks saab süsteem, mida me arendasime, täiesti suletud süsteem kasvatamaks taimi Marsil. Selle jaoks pidime modelleerima väga kiire CO2-e ja hapniku ja vee ringluse läbi selle taimesüsteemi.
As a result of that modeling I ended up in all places, in Eritrea, in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea, formerly part of Ethiopia, is one of those places that is astonishingly beautiful, incredibly stark, and I have no understanding of how people eke out a living there. It is so dry. This is what I saw. But this is also what I saw. I saw a company that had taken seawater and sand, and they were growing a kind of crop that will grow on pure salt water without having to treat it. And it will produce a food crop. In this case it was oilseed. It was astonishing. They were also producing mangroves in a plantation. And the mangroves were providing wood and honey and leaves for the animals, so that they could produce milk and whatnot, like we had in the Biosphere.
Ja selle tulemusena sattusin ma Eritreasse, Somaali poolsaarel. Eritrea, varem Etioopia osa, on üks hämmastavalt ilusatest kohtadest, uskumatult lage, ma ei mõista, kuidas inimesed seal end ära elatavad. Seal on nii kuiv. Ma nägin seda. Aga ma nägin ka seda. Firmat, mis merevee ja liivaga kasvatas taime, mis kasvab soolvees ilma, et seda harima peaks. Sellest kasvab söödav vili. Siinkohal õli sisaldavad seemned. See oli hämmastav. Nad kasvatasid istanduses ka mangroovipuid. Mangroovid andsid puitu, mett ja lehti loomadele, et loomad saaks toota piima ja muud, täpselt nagu meil Biosfääris.
And all of it was coming from this: shrimp farms. Shrimp farms are a scourge on the earth, frankly, from an environmental point of view. They pour huge amounts of pollutants into the ocean. They also pollute their next-door neighbors. So they're all shitting each other's ponds, quite literally. And what this project was doing was taking the effluent of these, and turning them into all of this food. They were literally turning pollution into abundance for a desert people. They had created an industrial ecosystem, of a sense.
Ja kõik see tuli siit: krevetifarmidest. Krevetifarmid on keskkonna vaatepunktist üks suur nuhtlus. Nad valavad tohutul hulgal saasteained ookeani. Samuti saastavad nad oma naabreid. Nad kõik kakavad üksteise tiikidesse, sõna otseses mõttes. Ja see projekt võttis nende heitvee, ja muutis selle toiduks. Nad muutsid saaste kõrbeinimeste jaoks külluseks. Nad olid loonud tööstusliku ökosüsteemi.
I was there because I was actually modeling the mangrove portion for a carbon credit program, under the U.N. Kyoto Protocol system. And as I was modeling this mangrove swamp, I was thinking to myself, "How do you put a box around this?" When I'm modeling a plant in a box, literally, I know where to draw the boundary. In a mangrove forest like this I have no idea. Well, of course you have to draw the boundary around the whole of the Earth. And understand its interactions with the entire Earth. And put your project in that context.
Olin seal, sest ma modelleerisin osa mangroovidest kasvuhoonegaaside normi programmi jaoks, ÜRO Kyoto protokolli süsteemi all. Kui ma selle mangroovisooga toimetasin, mõtlesin ma: "Kuidas ma sellele kasti ümber teen?" Kui ma pean taime kasti panema, siis ma tean, kuhu piirjooned tõmmata. Sellise mangroovimetsa puhul polnud mul aimugi. Loomulikult sa pead terve Maa ümber piiri tõmbama ja saama aru tema vastastikusest toimest Maaga ning oma projekti sellesse konteksti panema.
Around the world today we're seeing an incredible transformation, from what I would call a biocidal species, one that -- whether we intentionally or unintentionally -- have designed our systems to kill life, a lot of the time. This is in fact, this beautiful photograph, is in fact over the Amazon. And here the light green are areas of massive deforestation. And those beautiful wispy clouds are, in fact, fires, human-made fires. We're in the process of transforming from this, to what I would call a biophilic society, one where we learn to nurture society. Now it may not seem like it, but we are. It is happening all across the world, in every kind of walk of life, and every kind of career and industry that you can think of. And I think often times people get lost in that. They go, "But how can I possibly find my way in that? It's such a huge subject." And I would say that the small stuff counts. It really does.
Täna näeme üle maailma uskumatut transformatsiooni, millestki, mida ma nimetaks biotsiidseks liigiks. Selline - kas siis kogemata või meelega -, mis paneb meie elusüsteemid elu hävitama. See ilus foto on tehtud Amazonase kohal. Helerohelised alad märgivad massilist raiet. Ja need ilusad pilved on tegelikult inimeste lõkked. Me oleme muutumas sellest biofiilseks ühiskonnaks, kus me õpime ühiskonda aitama. Praegu see nii ei tundu, aga see on nii. See on juhtumas üle maailma, igal elualal, igas ametis ja tööstuses. Inimesed kaotavad tihti end sellesse ära. Nad mõtlevad: "Aga kuidas ma oma koha leian? See on tohutult lai teema." Ma ütleksin, et väiksed asjad loevad.
This is the story of a rake in my backyard. This was my backyard, very early on, when I bought my property. And in Arizona, of course, everybody puts gravel down. And they like to keep everything beautifully raked. And they keep all the leaves away. And on Sunday morning the neighbors leaf blower comes out, and I want to throttle them. It's a certain type of aesthetic. We're very uncomfortable with untidiness. And I threw away my rake. And I let all of the leaves fall from the trees that I have on my property. And over time, essentially what have I been doing? I've been building topsoil. And so now all the birds come in. And I have hawks. And I have an oasis. This is what happens every spring. For six weeks, six to eight weeks, I have this flush of green oasis. This is actually in a riparian area. And all of Tucson could be like this if everybody would just revolt and throw away the rake. The small stuff counts.
Lugu minu tagaaiast ja rehast. See oli minu tagaaed kunagi ammu, kui selle kinnisvara ostsin. Arizonas muidugi kõik panevad maha kruusa. Ja neile meeldib kõike ilusti rehitseda ja lehtedest puhas hoida. Pühapäevahommikuti tuleb naaber oma lehepuhuriga ja ma tahaks teda kägistada. See on mingit sorti ilumeel. Meile ei meeldi segadus. Ma viskasin oma reha ära. Ma lasen kõigil lehtedel maha langeda. Ja aja jooksul, mis sellest tekib? Tekib pinnas. Ja siis tulevad linnud. Mul on seal kullid. Ja oaas. See juhtub igal kevadel. Kuue kuni kaheksa nädala jooksul, on mul see roheline oaas. See on tegelikult kaldaäärne ala. Terve Tucson võiks selline olla, kui kõik lihtsalt mässaksid ja oma rehad ära viskaks. Väiksed asjad loevad.
The Industrial Revolution -- and Prometheus -- has given us this, the ability to light up the world. It has also given us this, the ability to look at the world from the outside. Now we may not all have another biosphere that we can run to, and compare it to this biosphere. But we can look at the world, and try to understand where we are in its context, and how we choose to interact with it.
Tööstusrevolutsioon - ja Prometheus - on andnud meile võimaluse maailma paremaks muuta. See on andnud meile ka võime näha maailma väljastpoolt. Meil kõigil ei pruugi küll olla teist biosfääri, kuhu põgeneda ja mida esimese biosfääriga võrrelda. Aga me saame vaadata maailma ja püüda mõista, kus meie sellesse konteksti mahume ja kuidas me sellega vastastikku toimime.
And if you lose where you are in your biosphere, or are perhaps having a difficulty connecting with where you are in the biosphere, I would say to you, take a deep breath. The yogis had it right. Breath does, in fact, connect us all in a very literal way. Take a breath now. And as you breathe, think about what is in your breath. There perhaps is the CO2 from the person sitting next-door to you. Maybe there is a little bit of oxygen from some algae on the beach not far from here. It also connects us in time. There may be some carbon in your breath from the dinosaurs. There could also be carbon that you are exhaling now that will be in the breath of your great-great-great-grandchildren. Thank you. (Applause)
Kui sa kaotad arusaama, kus sa oma biosfääris oled, või sul on raskusi oma biosfääriga kontakti leidmisel, ütleksin sulle: hinga sügavalt sisse. Joogidel oli õigus. Hingamine ühendab meid kõiki väga otsesel viisil. Hingake kohe sisse. Ja kui te hingate, mõelge, mis selles sissehingatavas õhus on. Võib-olla sinu kõrval istuva inimese süsihappegaas. Võib-olla natuke hapnikku mõnelt vetikalt siin lähedalasuvas rannas. See ühendab meid ka ajas. Sinu hingetõmbes võib olla süsihappegaasi dinosaurustelt. See süsihappegaas, mida sa praegu välja hingad võib olla sinu laste-laste-laste-laste hingetõmbes. Aitäh. (Aplaus)