Good afternoon, good evening, whatever. We can go, jambo, guten Abend, bonsoir, but we can also ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh. That is the call that chimpanzees make before they go to sleep in the evening. You hear it going from one side of the valley to the other, from one group of nests to the next.
下午好,晚上好(,怎么说都行。) 或者我们也可以说,jambo,guten abend,bonsoir, 又或者…… 黑猩猩在晚上睡觉前 就是这么打招呼的 你听见这种叫声从山谷这头传到那头 从一群猩猩窝传到另一群猩猩窝
And I want to pick up with my talk this evening from where Zeray left off yesterday. He was talking about this amazing, three-year-old Australopithecine child, Selam. And we've also been hearing about the history, the family tree, of mankind through DNA genetic profiling. And it was a paleontologist, the late Louis Leakey, who actually set me on the path for studying chimpanzees. And it was pretty extraordinary, way back then. It's kind of commonplace now, but his argument was -- because he'd been searching for the fossilized remains of early humans in Africa. And you can tell an awful lot about what those beings looked like from the fossils, from the shape of the muscle attachments, something about the way they lived from the various artifacts found with them. But what about how they behaved? That's what he wanted to know. And of course, behavior doesn't fossilize. He argued -- and it's now a fairly common theory -- that if we found behavior patterns similar or the same in our closest living relatives, the great apes, and humans today, then maybe those behaviors were present in the ape-like, human-like ancestor some seven million years ago. And therefore, perhaps we had brought those characteristics with us from that ancient, ancient past.
我今晚的演讲想 从(考古学家)泽雷·阿兰希格昨天留下的话题开始 他谈的是这个令人惊异的灵长类幼仔,叫Selam,三岁大 我们还听了通过测绘DNA基因所得的 人类的历史和族谱 已故古生物学家路易斯·李奇 是他把我引上研究黑猩猩之路的 回顾过去,这条路实在不同寻常 现在看来比较普通 可他的论据是,因为他曾寻找 在非洲的早期人类化石遗迹—— 这些化石上,从附属肌肉的形状上, 对于那些早期人类的模样像什么 都能给研究者很多启示 从由他们身边发现的原始工具上 可以看出一些关于他们生活方式的端倪 但他们的行为表现是什么样的?这是他想知道的 当然,行为没有在化石里体现 他辨称(这个理论现在看来稀松平常) 如果我们发现当代人类在行为模式上与 和其最相近的物种巨猿相似或者相同 那么或许这些行为在大概七百万年前 在似猿似人的祖先身上存在过 因此,也许我们身上的那些行为特征 是从远古时代传下来的
Well, if you look in textbooks today that deal with human evolution, you very often find people speculating about how early humans may have behaved, based on the behavior of chimpanzees. They are more like us than any other living creature, and we've heard about that during this TED Conference. So it remains for me to comment on the ways in which chimpanzees are so like us, in certain aspects of their behavior.
噢,如果你看一下现在讲人类进化的书 就会常常发现,人们是基于黑猩猩的行为表现 来思考早期人类可能的行为方式 与别的存活动物相比,他们更像我们 这一点我在这次TED会议中听到过 所以我今天要讲的 就是黑猩猩是在其行为方式的与人类的相似点
Every chimpanzee has his or her own personality. Of course, I gave them names. They can live to be 60 years or more, although we think most of them probably don't make it to 60 in the wild. Mr. Wurzel. The female has her first baby when she's 11 or 12. Thereafter, she has one baby only every five or six years, a long period of childhood dependency when the child is nursing, sleeping with the mother at night, and riding on her back. And we believe that this long period of childhood is important for chimpanzees, just as it is for us, in relation to learning. As the brain becomes ever more complex during evolution in different forms of animals, so we find that learning plays an ever more important role in an individual's life history. And young chimpanzees spend a lot of time watching what their elders do. We know now that they're capable of imitating behaviors that they see. And we believe that it's in this way that the different tool-using behaviors -- that have now been seen in all the different chimpanzee populations studied in Africa -- how these are passed from one generation to the next, through observation, imitation and practice, so that we can describe these tool-using behaviors as primitive culture.
每个黑猩猩都有他/她自己的个性 当然,我给他们起名字。他们能活60岁或者更长 尽管我们觉得他们中的绝大多数在野生环境活不到60岁 这是Wurzel猩猩。母猩猩在11或12岁时生第一个孩子 之后每五年或每六年她只生一仔 这么长的童年期内小猩猩很有依赖性,需要照料 晚上和妈妈一起睡,骑在她背上 我们认为这么长的童年期 对黑猩猩很重要,这牵涉到学习,就像童年之于我们一样 在各种不同形态动物的进化过程中 由于大脑变得日益复杂 我们发现,在一种个体的生命历程中 学习的作用日益重要 年纪小的黑猩猩花很长时间观察它们的长辈做什么 我们现在知道,他们能模仿所见的行为表现 我们认为正是由此 从那些在非洲研究的所有不同黑猩猩种群身上 看到的使用工具的不同行为—— 这些行为是怎样通过观察、模仿和实践 从一代传到另一代的 所以,我们可以把这些使用工具的行为说成是原始文化
Chimpanzees don't have a spoken language. We've talked about that. They do have a very rich repertoire of postures and gestures, many of which are similar, or even identical, to ours and formed in the same context. Greeting chimpanzees embracing. They also kiss, hold hands, pat one another on the back. And they swagger and they throw rocks. In chimpanzee society, we find many, many examples of compassion, precursors to love and true altruism. Unfortunately, they, like us, have a dark side to their nature. They're capable of extreme brutality, even a kind of primitive war. And these really aggressive behaviors, for the most part, are directed against individuals of the neighboring social group. They are very territorially aggressive. Chimpanzees, I believe, more than any other living creature, have helped us to understand that, after all, there is no sharp line between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.
黑猩猩没有语言,我们以前提到过 但他们确实有一整套非常丰富的姿态和动作 其中许多与我们的很像,甚至一模一样 并且具有相同涵义 黑猩猩打招呼时会拥抱 他们也亲吻、牵手、一个拍另一个的背 他们也虚张声势地恐吓,或者仍石头 在黑猩猩的社会里,我们发现很多很多 怜悯、示爱以及真正利他的例子 和我们一样,不幸的是,他们也有天性中阴暗的一面 他们可以极度凶残,甚至像一种原始战争 多数情况下,这些极具攻击性的行为 是直接针对相邻社群中个体的 这些攻击大多是为了争夺地盘 我觉得,与别的生物相比 黑猩猩更有助于我们认识到,人类和 动物王国里的其他成员终归并无明显界限
It's a very blurry line, and it's getting more blurry all the time as we make even more observations. The study that I began in 1960 is still continuing to this day. And these chimpanzees, living their complex social lives in the wild, have helped -- more than anything else -- to make us realize we are part of, and not separated from, the amazing animals with whom we share the planet. So it's pretty sad to find that chimpanzees, like so many other creatures around the world, are losing their habitats. This is just one photograph from the air, and it shows you the forested highlands of Gombe. And it was when I flew over the whole area, about 16 years ago, and realized that outside the park, this forest, which in 1960 had stretched almost unbroken along the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika, which is where the tiny, 30-square-mile Gombe National Park lies, that a question came to my mind. "How can we even try to save these famous chimpanzees, when the people living around the National Park are struggling to survive?" More people are living there than the land could possibly support. The numbers increased by refugees pouring in from Burundi and over the lake from Congo. And very poor people -- they couldn't afford to buy food from elsewhere.
这种界限非常模糊,并且随着我们更多的观察 会一直更加模糊下去 我1960年开始的研究一直持续到现在 这些黑猩猩在野生环境过着复杂的社会生活 最重要的是,他们帮助 我们认识到,我们与形形色色的动物在地球上共处,我们是其中一部分 不能与这些动物分割开来 所以,发现黑猩猩和 世界上其他众多生物一样失去聚居地,是很让人难过的 这只是一张从空中拍的照片 你可以看到森林覆盖的Gombe高地 16年前,我走遍整个地区 意识到在公园之外,这片森林 在1960年时沿着Tanganyika湖东岸 绵延不绝 小巧的、面积只有30平方英里的Gombe国家公园就坐落在这里 那时一个问题进入我脑海—— “我们怎么能进而去试图拯救这些出了名的黑猩猩, 而住在国家公园周围的人却在为生存而挣扎?” 那里人口众多,非单薄的土地所能承受 随着来自布隆迪的难民涌入 来自刚果的人跨湖过来,住在那里的人数增加着 那些人非常穷——无力从别的地方买吃的
This led to a program, which we call TACARE. It's a very holistic way of improving the lives of the people living in the villages around the park. It started small with 12 villages. It's now in 24. There isn't time to go into it, but it's including things like tree nurseries, methods of farming most suitable to this now very degraded, almost desert-like land up in these mountains. Ways of controlling, preventing soil erosion. Ways of reclaiming overused farmland, so that within two years they can again be productive. Working to help the villagers obtain fresh water from wells. Perhaps build some schoolrooms. Most important of all, I believe, is working with small groups of women, providing them with opportunities for micro-credit loans. And we've got, as is the case around the world, about 95 percent of all loans returned. Empowering women, working with education, providing scholarships for girls so they can finish secondary school, in the clear understanding that, all around the world, as women's education improves, family size drops. We provide information about family planning and about HIV/AIDS.
一个计划由此产生,我们称之为“关爱”(Take Care) 它用整体化的方式来改善 住在湖周围村子里的人的生活 刚开始是小规模的,有12个村子。现在是24个 这里没有时间去深入介绍,不过该计划包括象林木苗圃等事情, 以及适于在山上这片目前严重剥蚀 几近沙漠的土地上耕种的方法 控制、防止土地侵蚀的方法 收回过度使用的农田的方法 以便两年内这些农田可以重新有收成 帮助村民从井里取得淡水 或许建一些校舍 我认为最重要的 是与小规模群体妇女合作 给她们提供微型信用贷款的机会 全世界的情况一样,在所有贷款中我们 收回了大约95% 使妇女能够受教育后工作 给女孩子提供奖学金,以便让她们完成中学学业 很清楚,世界各地 妇女的教育程度提高了,家庭人口数目就会下降 我们提供计划生育和艾滋病及其病毒(HIV/AIDS)方面的信息
And as a result of this program, something's happening for conservation. What's happening for conservation is that the farmers living in these 24 villages, instead of looking on us as a bunch of white people coming to study a whole bunch of monkeys -- and by the way, many of the staff are now Tanzanian -- but when we began the TACARE program, it was a Tanzanian team going into the villages. It was a Tanzanian team talking to the villagers, asking what they were interested in. Were they interested in conservation? Absolutely not. They were interested in health; they were interested in education. And as time went on, and as their situation began to improve, they began to understand ever more about the need for conservation. They began to understand that as the upper levels of the hills were denuded of trees, so you've got this terrible soil erosion and mudslides.
这项计划实施之后 自然保护方面发生了一些事情 自然保护方面发生的事情是,住在这24个村子里的农民 并没有把我们看成是 跑来研究整个一伙儿猴子的一伙儿白人 顺便说一下,现在很多工作人员是坦桑尼亚人 而当我们开始“关爱”计划时 进入村子的是一个坦桑尼亚小组 和村民交谈的是一个坦桑尼亚小组 询问村民对什么感兴趣 他们对自然保护感兴趣吗?一点也不 他们对健康感兴趣,他们对教育感兴趣 随着时间推移,随着他们境况开始改善 他们开始不断理解更多有关自然保护的必要性 他们开始理解 当山上较高位置的数被砍光以后 可怕的土地侵蚀和泥流就来了
Today, we are developing what we call the Greater Gombe Ecosystem. This is an area way outside the National Park, stretching out into all these very degraded lands. And as these villages have a better standard of life, they are actually agreeing to put between 10 percent and 20 percent of their land in the highlands aside, so that once again, as the trees grow back, the chimpanzees will have leafy corridors through which they can travel to interact -- as they must for genetic viability -- with other remnant groups outside the National Park. So TACARE is a success. We're replicating it in other parts of Africa, around other wilderness areas which are faced with extreme population pressure.
现在,我们正在开发所说的大Gombe生态系统 这是一片国家公园以外的地区 绵延包括了所有这些各种各样剥蚀了的土地 由于这些村子生活标准高一些 他们实际上同意 把他们土地的10-20%放到高地一侧 以便当树长回来时 黑猩猩会再次拥有绿色走廊 它们可以借此穿行以便—— 这是他们基因繁殖所必需的—— 与国家公园外其它残余群体互动 所以“关爱”计划成功了 我们在非洲其它地区复制这项计划 在其它面临 极端人口压力的荒野之地
The problems in Africa, however, as we've been discussing for the whole of these first couple of days of TED, are major problems. There is a great deal of poverty. And when you get large numbers of people living in land that is not that fertile, particularly when you cut down trees, and you leave the soil open to the wind for erosion, as desperate populations cut down more and more trees, so that they can try and grow food for themselves and their families, what's going to happen? Something's got to give. And the other problems -- in not only Africa, but the rest of the developing world and, indeed, everywhere -- what are we doing to our planet? You know, the famous scientist, E. O. Wilson said that if every person on this planet attains the standard of living of the average European or American, we need three new planets. Today, they are saying four. But we don't have them. We've got one.
但是,就像我们在TED开始的所有这几天一直讨论的 非洲的问题 是主要问题 那里非常贫穷 有大量的人 生活在不那么肥沃的土地上 尤其当你把树砍倒 使得土壤裸露,任风侵蚀 同时处于绝望的人砍倒越来越多的树 以便为他们自己和家人努力培育粮食 这样会发生什么?有些东西会开始牺牲让步 还有别的问题——不仅在非洲 而且是其它所有发展中世界,甚至是地球上所有地方 我们在对我们的地球做什么呢? 著名科学家,E.O. 威尔逊 说过,如果地球上每个人 的生活标准都达到欧美平均水平 我们就再需要三个地球 今天他们说是四个。可我们没那些个,我们只有一个
And what's happened? I mean, the question here is, here we are, arguably the most intelligent being that's ever walked planet Earth, with this extraordinary brain, capable of the kind of technology that is so well illustrated by these TED Conferences, and yet we're destroying the only home we have. The indigenous people around the world, before they made a major decision, used to sit around and ask themselves, "How does this decision affect our people seven generations ahead?" Today, major decisions -- and I'm not particularly talking about Africa here, but the developed world -- major decisions involving millions of dollars, and millions of people, are often based on, "How will this affect the next shareholders' meeting?" And these decisions affect Africa.
发生了什么?我是说,这里的问题是,我们在这里 或许可称为地球上有史以来最有智慧的生命 有着非凡的大脑 能够运用这些TED会议上 阐述备至的这些技术 但我们却在毁坏着这个惟一的家园 全球各地的原住民 在做重要决定前 都会坐到一起,然后问 “这决定如何影响我们接下来的七代人?” 今天,重要决定——我这里不特别谈非洲 而是发达世界—— 牵涉几百万美元以及以及几百万人的重要决定 却只是问 “这会如何影响下次股东大会?” 这些决定却影响非洲
As I began traveling around Africa talking about the problems faced by chimpanzees and their vanishing forests, I realized more and more how so many of Africa's problems could be laid at the door of previous colonial exploitation. So I began traveling outside Africa, talking in Europe, talking in the United States, going to Asia. And everywhere there were these terrible problems. And you know the kind I'm talking about. I'm talking about pollution. The air that we breathe that often poisons us. The earth is poisoning our foods. The water -- water is perhaps one of the most crucial issues that we're going to face in this century -- and everywhere water is being polluted by agricultural, industrial and household chemicals that still are being sprayed around the world, seemingly with the inability to profit from past experience. The mangroves are being cut down; the effects of things like the tsunami get worse. We've talked about the soil erosion. We have the reckless burning of fossil fuels along with other greenhouse gasses, so called, leading to climate change. Finally, all around the world, people have begun to believe that there is something going on very wrong with our climate.
当我开始游历非洲 谈论黑猩猩面临的问题及其日益消逝的森林 我愈来愈意识到如此之多的非洲问题 是如何与以前的殖民开发有关的 因此我开始在非洲之外旅行,在欧洲演讲 在美国演讲,去亚洲 每一地都有这些糟糕的问题 你知道我说的是什么问题,这包括污染问题 我们呼吸的空气经常毒害我们 泥土毒害我们的食物 水——水也许是本世纪我们要面对的 最要紧问题之一 每一地,水都被农业、工业、家用 化学制品所污染 全世界都还在喷这些制品 似乎没办法从过去的经验获利 红树被砍倒 海啸等影响日益加重 我们谈过土壤侵蚀 我们不计后果地烧过化石燃料 连同其它所谓温室气体 导致了气候变化 终于,全世界的人都开始相信 有什么事发生了,我们的气候不对劲儿了
All around the world climates are mixed up. And it's the poor people who are affected worse. It's Africa that already is affected. In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the droughts are so much worse. And when the rain does come, it so often leads to flooding and added distress, and the cycle of poverty and hunger and disease. And the numbers of people living in an area that the land cannot support, who are too poor to buy food, who can't move away because the whole land is degraded. And so you get desertification -- creeping, creeping, creeping -- as the last of the trees are cut down. And this kind of thing is not just in Africa. It's all over the world.
全球气候互相牵连 最受不利影响的是穷人 已经受影响的是非洲 在次撒哈拉非洲的许多地区,干旱非常严重 雨终于下起来时,又常常导致洪水 及更多的不幸,贫穷、饥饿和疾病周而复始 还有很多人住在土地供养不起的地区 太穷,买不起食物 因为全部土地都剥蚀了,所以也没法离开 于是有了沙漠化——一点点漫延,漫延,漫延—— 同时最后的树也被砍倒 这种事情不光在非洲 遍布全球
So it wasn't surprising to me that as I was traveling around the world I met so many young people who seemed to have lost hope. We seem to have lost wisdom, the wisdom of the indigenous people. I asked a question. "Why?" Well, do you think there could be some kind of disconnect between this extraordinarily clever brain, the kind of brain that the TED technologies exemplify, and the human heart? Talking about it in the non-scientific term, in terms of love and compassion. Is there some disconnect? And these young people, when I talk to them, basically they were either depressed or apathetic, or bitter and angry. And they said more or less the same thing, "We feel this way because we feel you've compromised our future and there's nothing we can do about it."
所以我不觉得奇怪 当我在世界各地旅行时 碰到那么多年轻人,他们看上去失去了希望 我们似乎已经失去了智慧,那种属于原住民的智慧 我想问,这是为什么? 你们觉得在这 异常聪明的大脑 TED技术作为例证的那种大脑 和人的心脏之间会有某种隔绝吗?用非科学的术语来谈谈 根据爱和同情。有隔绝吗? 这些年轻人,当我和他们讲话时 基本上他们要么情绪低落,要么无动于衷 或者痛苦、愤怒 他们或多或少说的是同一件事情 “我们这么感觉是因为我们觉得你们损害了我们的未来, 并且我们对此无能为力。”
We have compromised their future. I've got three little grandchildren, and every time I look at them and I think how we've harmed this beautiful planet since I was their age, I feel this desperation. And that led to this program we call Roots and Shoots, which began right here in Tanzania and has now spread to 97 countries around the world. It's symbolic. Roots make a firm foundation. Shoots seem tiny; to reach the sun they can break through a brick wall. See the brick wall as all these problems we've inflicted on the planet, environmental and social. It's a message of hope. Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world can break through and can make this a better world for all living things. The most important message of Roots and Shoots: every single one of us makes a difference, every single day. We have a choice. Every one of us in this room, we have a choice as to what kind of difference we want to make. The very poor have no choice. It's up to us to change things so that the poor have choice as well.
我们确实已经毁坏了他们的未来 我有三个小孙子,每次看着他们 我就想,从我像他们那么大以来,我们是如何损害这个美丽的地球的 我感觉到这种绝望 我们由此开展这项我们称之为“根与芽”的计划 恰好始于这里,坦桑尼亚 现在已经传播到世界上97个国家 项目的名字是具有象征意义的 根造就坚实的基础 芽看上去细小,在阳光照耀下却可穿破砖墙—— 砖可以看成是我们给地球造成的环境的 和社会的问题 这是希望的讯息 世界各地成千上万的年轻人 可以取得突破,为了所有生物,让这个世界更美好 “根与芽”的最重要讯息—— 每一天,我们每一个人都在改变世界 我们有一个选择 这屋子里我们每一个人 我们都有一个选择,关于我们想做些什么来改变世界 很穷的人没有选择 我们要改变这些事 以便穷人也有选择
The Roots and Shoots groups all choose three projects. It depends on how old they are, and which country, whether they're in a city or rural, as to what kinds of projects. But basically, we have programs now from preschool right through university, with more and more adults starting their own Roots and Shoots groups. And every group chooses, between them, three different kinds of project to make this a better world, recognizing that all these different problems are interconnected and impinge on each other. So one of their projects will be to help their own human community. And then, if they're able, they may raise money to help communities in other parts of the world. One of their projects will be to help animals -- not just wildlife, domestic animals as well. And one of their projects will be to help the environment that we all share. And woven throughout all of this is a message of learning to live in peace and harmony within ourselves, in our families, in our communities, between nations, between cultures, between religions and between us and the natural world. We need the natural world. We cannot go on destroying it at the rate we are. We not do have more than this one planet.
“根与芽”小组都选三个方案 取决于成员年龄,所在国家 在城市还是乡下,来选不同的方案 基本上,我们现在的计划从学前一直到大学 愈来愈多的成人开始建立他们自己的“根与芽”小组 每个小组在彼此之间选择 三种不同的方案,来创造更加美好的世界 承认所有这些不同问题是互相联系 彼此影响的 因此他们的方案之一将会帮助他们自己的人类社区 然后,如果他们能干,他们可以筹集资金 帮助世界上其它地区的社区 他们的方案之一将会帮助动物——不光是野生动物 也包括家养动物 他们的方案之一将会帮助我们共处的环境 交织在所有这些方案中的讯息是 学着与我们自己、家庭、社区 和谐相处,包括国家之间,不同文化之间 不同宗教信仰之间,以及我们和自然世界之间 我们需要自然世界 我们不能继续象现在这样破坏世界了 我们只有一个地球
Just picking one or two of the projects right here in Africa that the Roots and Shoots groups are doing, one or two projects only -- in Tanzania, in Uganda, Kenya, South Africa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, Cameroon and other groups. And as I say, it's in 97 countries around the world. Of course, they're planting trees. They're growing organic vegetables. They're working in the refugee camps, with chickens and selling the eggs for a little amount of money, or just using them to feed their families, and feeling a sense of pride and empowerment, because they're no longer helpless and depending on others with their vegetables and their chickens. It's being used in Uganda to give some psychological help to ex-child soldiers. Doing projects like this is bringing them out of themselves. Once again, they're useful members of society. We have this program in prisons as well. So, there's no time for more Roots and Shoots now. But -- oh, they're also working on HIV/AIDS. That's a very important component of Roots and Shoots, with older kids talking to younger ones. And unwanted pregnancies and things like that, which young people listen to better from other youth, rather than adults.
就在非洲这里,仅仅选出一个或两个 “根与芽”小组正在实施的方案 只要一个或两个方案——在坦桑尼亚、乌干达、肯尼亚、 南非、刚果、布拉扎维、塞拉利昂、喀麦隆 以及别的团体。就象我说的,遍布世界97个国家 当然,他们种树,他们种有机蔬菜 他们在难民营养小鸡 卖鸡蛋得些微薄收入 或只是把鸡蛋给家人吃 并觉得自豪和获得权力 因为他们自己种植蔬菜 养殖小鸡 就不再无助,不再依赖他人 这个方案在乌干达实施了 给予前童军一些心理上的帮助 实施这些方案让他们重塑自我 再一次,他们成为社会上的有用一员 我们也在监狱实施该计划 所以现在没时间实施更多的“根与芽”计划 哦,他们也致力于艾滋病及其病毒方面的工作 那是“根与芽”计划非常重要的组成部分 由大孩子跟小孩子谈话 还有无意怀孕及类似事情 年轻人更愿意听别的孩子的,而不是成人的
Hope. That's the question I get asked as I'm going around the world: "Jane, you've seen so many terrible things, you've seen your chimpanzees decrease in number from about one million, at the turn of the century, to no more than 150,000 now, and the same with so many other animals. Forests disappearing, deserts where once there was forest. Do you really have hope?" Well, yes. You can't come to a conference like TED and not have hope, can you? And of course, there's hope. One is this amazing human brain.
希望。我周游世界被问及的就是这个问题 “珍,你见过这么多可怕的事情, 你看着你的黑猩猩数量在减少, 从世纪之交的大约一百万 到现在的不足15万。那么多其它动物也一样 森林消失,过去是森林的地方变成沙漠 你真的有希望?” 嗯,有。 你不可能来参加象TED这样的会议,却不报希望,对吧? 当然,有希望。希望之一是这令人称奇的人脑
And I mean, think of the technologies. And I've just been so thrilled, finally, to come to people talking about compost latrines. It's one of my hobbyhorses. We just flush all this water down the lavatory, it's terrible. And then talking about renewable energy -- desperately important. Do we care about the planet for our children? How many of us have children or grandchildren, nieces, nephews? Do we care about their future? And if we care about their future, we, as the elite around the world, we can do something about it. We can make choices as to how we live each day. What we buy. What we wear. And choose to make these choices with the question, how will this affect the environment around me? How will it affect the life of my child when he or she grows up? Or my grandchild, or whatever it is. So the human brain, coupled with the human heart, and we join hands around the world. And that's what TED is helping so well with, and Google who help us, and Esri are helping us with mapping in Gombe National Park. All of these technologies we can use.
我是说,想一想技术 我最后还是很激动,碰到人们谈论堆肥厕所 这是我爱讨论的话题之一 我们就把所有这些水冲下马桶,这很可怕 然后谈论了可再生能源,非常重要 我们为孩子关心过地球吗? 我们多少人有孩子或者孙子、侄子、外甥? 我们关心他们的未来吗? 如果关心他们的未来,作为全球精英 我们可以做些事情。我们可以做决定,每天怎样生活 买什么,穿什么 决定带着问题做这些选择 这会怎样影响我周围的环境? 我的孩子长大后,这会怎样影响他或她那时的生活? 或者我的孙子,或别的什么。 那么人脑,与人心结合—— 我们全球同心协力 那是TED所竭力帮助的,是Google帮了我们 ESRI帮我们绘制了Gombe国家公园的地图 所有这些我们会用的技术
Now let's link them, and it's beginning to happen, isn't it? You've heard about it this afternoon. It's beginning to happen. This change, this change. To see change that we must have if we care about the future. And the next reason for hope -- nature is amazingly resilient. You can take an area that's absolutely destroyed, with time and perhaps some help it can regenerate. And an example is the TACARE program. I told you, where a seemingly dead tree stump -- if you stop hacking them for firewood, which you don't need to because you have wood lots, then in five years you can have a 30-foot tree. And animals, almost on the brink of extinction, can be given a second chance. That's my next book. It's inspiring. And it brings me to my last category of hope, and we've heard about this so much in the last two days: this indomitable human spirit. This determination of people, the resilience of the human spirit, So that people who you would think would be battered by poverty, or disease, or whatever, can pull themselves up out of it, sometimes with a helping hand, and take their part in society, and take their part in changing the world.
现在让我们把它们连起来,它即将发生,对吧? 今天下午你们听过了。它即将发生 这变化,这变化;看到我们一定会有的 变化,如果我们关心未来的话 报有希望的下一个理由——大自然的复员能力令人称奇 你可以找一块被全毁了的地区—— 假以时间,可能还有一些帮助,这地区会重新焕发生机 一个例子是“关爱”计划 我告诉你,在一块看上去死了的树桩—— 如果你停止为了烧柴而进行的砍伐 你不需要砍伐因为你有小林地 那么五年后你会有30英尺的树 任何动物,几乎濒于灭绝的, 会得到第二次机会。那是我下一本书 它鼓舞人心。它带我到我最后一类希望—— 过去两天我们听了那么多关于这个的 即不屈的人类精神。人的这种决心, 人类精神的适应力。 因此,你觉得会被贫穷、 疾病、或别的什么打垮的那些人,可以让自己走出困境 有时借助于援手,他们可以参与到社会中 参与到变化的世界中
And just to think of one or two people out of Africa who are just really inspiring. We could make a very long list, but obviously Nelson Mandela, emerging from 17 years of hard physical labor, 23 years of imprisonment, with this amazing ability to forgive, so that he could lead his nation out the evil regime of apartheid without a bloodbath. Ken Saro-Wiwa, in Nigeria, who took on the giant oil companies, and although people around the world tried their best, was executed. People like this are so inspirational. People like this are the role models we need for young Africans. And we need some environmental role models as well, and I've been hearing some of them today. So I'm really grateful for this opportunity to share this message again, with everyone at TED. And I hope that some of us can get together and talk about some of these things, especially the Roots and Shoots program.
只要想想真正鼓舞人心的一个或两个人走出非洲 我们可以列一个很长的单子 可很显然,纳尔逊 曼德拉走出17年的 重体力劳动,23年的监禁 带着这种令人称奇的能力去宽恕,以便他能领导他的国家 走出种族隔离的邪恶体制而不用大屠杀 Ken Saro-Wiwa,在尼日利亚,与石油巨头对抗 尽管世界各地的人竭尽全力,他还是被处决了 像这样的人是多么激动人心 这样的人是我们所需要的对非洲年轻人的榜样 我们也需要一些环境方面的榜样 今天我听了一些关于他们的事情 所以我由衷感谢有这次机会来再次分享这些讯息 和TED的每一个人 我希望我们中的一部分人能聚在一起讨论一下这些事情 尤其是“根与芽”计划
And just a last word on that -- the young woman who's running this entire conference center, I met her today. She came up so excited, with her certificate. She was [in] Roots and Shoots. She was in the leadership in Dar es Salaam. She said it's helped her to do what she's doing. And it was very, very exciting for me to meet her and see just one example of how young people, when they are empowered, given the opportunity to take action, to make the world a better place, truly are our hope for tomorrow. Thank you.
关于这一点再说最后一句—— 那个管整个会议中心的年轻姑娘 我今天碰到她了 她很兴奋地走上前来,拿着她的证书。她参与了“根与芽” 她在达累斯萨拉姆的领导层里 她说它使她得以做现在的工作 见到她我真是非常非常兴奋 见到的这个还仅仅是一个例子:当年轻人 被赋予权力,给予机会去采取行动 去让世界变得更加美好的时候 他们实实在在的是我们明天的希望 谢谢大家
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