Please close your eyes, and open your hands. Now imagine what you could place in your hands: an apple, maybe your wallet. Now open your eyes. What about a life?
Molim vas zatvorite oči i otvorite dlanove. Sada zamislite šta možete staviti na dlanove: jabuku, možda svoj novčanik. Sada otvorite oči. A život?
What you see here is a premature baby. He looks like he's resting peacefully, but in fact he's struggling to stay alive because he can't regulate his own body temperature. This baby is so tiny he doesn't have enough fat on his body to stay warm. Sadly, 20 million babies like this are born every year around the world. Four million of these babies die annually.
Ovde vidite nedonošče. Izgleda kao da se mirno odmara, ali ustvari se bori da ostane živ jer ne može sam da održava svoju telesnu temperaturu. Ova beba je toliko sitna da nema dovoljno sala na telu da ga greje. Nažalost, 20 miliona ovakvih beba se rodi svake godine širom sveta. Četiri miliona ovakvih beba godišnje umre.
But the bigger problem is that the ones who do survive grow up with severe, long-term health problems. The reason is because in the first month of a baby's life, its only job is to grow. If it's battling hypothermia, its organs can't develop normally, resulting in a range of health problems from diabetes, to heart disease, to low I.Q. Imagine: Many of these problems could be prevented if these babies were just kept warm.
Ali veći problem je što one koje uspeju da prežive odrastaju sa teškim, dugoročnim zdravstvenim problemima. Razlog tome je što je u prvom mesecu bebinog života njen jedini posao da raste. Ako se bori protiv hipotermije njeni organi ne mogu normalno da se razvijaju, što rezultira raznim zdravstvenim problemima od dijabetesa do bolesti srca, do niskog I.Q.-a. Zamislite, mnogi od ovih problema mogu se sprečiti kad bi se bebe samo mogle ugrejati.
That is the primary function of an incubator. But traditional incubators require electricity and cost up to 20 thousand dollars. So, you're not going to find them in rural areas of developing countries. As a result, parents resort to local solutions like tying hot water bottles around their babies' bodies, or placing them under light bulbs like the ones you see here -- methods that are both ineffective and unsafe. I've seen this firsthand over and over again.
To je primarna funkcija inkubatora. Ali tradicionalni inkubatori zahtevaju struju i koštaju do 20.000 dolara. Dakle, nećete ih videti u ruralnim delovima zemalja u razvoju. Posledično, roditelji posežu za lokalnim rešenjima, kao što je vezivanje flaša sa toplom vodom oko bebinog tela ili stavljanje beba ispod sijalica kao što su ove koje vidite - metode koje nisu ni učinkovite ni bezbedne. Viđam ovo iz prve ruke, iznova i iznova.
On one of my first trips to India, I met this young woman, Sevitha, who had just given birth to a tiny premature baby, Rani. She took her baby to the nearest village clinic, and the doctor advised her to take Rani to a city hospital so she could be placed in an incubator. But that hospital was over four hours away, and Sevitha didn't have the means to get there, so her baby died.
Prilikom jedne od prvih poseta Indiji upoznala sam ovu mladu ženu, Sevitu, koja je bila upravo rodila sitno nedonošče, Rani. Odnela je svoju bebu u najbližu seosku kliniku i doktor joj je savetovao da odnese Rani u gradsku bolnicu gde bi je stavili u inkubator. Ali ta bolnica je bila udaljena preko 4 sata. A Sevita nije imala načina da stigne tamo i njena beba je umrla.
Inspired by this story, and dozens of other similar stories like this, my team and I realized what was needed was a local solution, something that could work without electricity, that was simple enough for a mother or a midwife to use, given that the majority of births still take place in the home. We needed something that was portable, something that could be sterilized and reused across multiple babies and something ultra-low-cost, compared to the 20,000 dollars that an incubator in the U.S. costs.
Inspirisani ovom i desetinama priča sličnim ovoj, moj tim i ja smo shvatili da je potrebno lokalno rešenje, nešto što bi radilo bez struje, što bi bilo dovoljno jednostavno za majku ili babicu da koriste, s obzirom da se većina porođaja i dalje dešava kod kuće. Bilo nam je potrebno nešto prenosivo, što bi moglo da se steriliše i ponovo koristi za više beba i nešto ultra-jevtino, u poređenju sa cenom od 20.000 dolara koliko košta inkubator u S.A.D.
So, this is what we came up with. What you see here looks nothing like an incubator. It looks like a small sleeping bag for a baby. You can open it up completely. It's waterproof. There's no seams inside so you can sterilize it very easily. But the magic is in this pouch of wax. This is a phase-change material. It's a wax-like substance with a melting point of human body temperature, 37 degrees Celsius. You can melt this simply using hot water and then when it melts it's able to maintain one constant temperature for four to six hours at a time, after which you simply reheat the pouch. So, you then place it into this little pocket back here, and it creates a warm micro-environment for the baby.
Ovo smo smislili. Ovo što ovde vidite uopšte ne liči na inkubator. Izgleda kao mala vreća za spavanje za bebu. Možete je potpuno otvoriti. Vodootporna je. Nema šavova iznutra tako da je možete sterilisati veoma lako. Ali magija je u ovoj kesi sa voskom. Ovo je materijal koji menja oblik. To je supstanca slična vosku koja se topi na temperaturi čovekovog tela, 37 stepeni Celzijusa. Možete ga otopiti samo korišćenjem tople vode i kada se otopi u stanju je da održi konstantnu temperaturu između 4 i 6 sati odjednom, posle čega jednostavno ponovo ugrejete kesu. Dakle, onda je smestite u ovaj mali džep pozadi i to stvara toplo mikro-okruženje za bebu.
Looks simple, but we've reiterated this dozens of times by going into the field to talk to doctors, moms and clinicians to ensure that this really meets the needs of the local communities. We plan to launch this product in India in 2010, and the target price point will be 25 dollars, less than 0.1 percent of the cost of a traditional incubator.
Izgleda jednostavno, ali ponavljali smo ovo desetine puta tako što smo išli na teren i pričali sa doktorima, mamama i kliničarima kako bismo bili sigurni da stvarno zadovoljava potrebe lokalnih zajednica. Planiramo da lansiramo ovaj proizvod u Indiji 2010. Cena će biti 25 dolara, manje od 0.1% cene tradicionalnog inkubatora.
Over the next five years we hope to save the lives of almost a million babies. But the longer-term social impact is a reduction in population growth. This seems counterintuitive, but turns out that as infant mortality is reduced, population sizes also decrease, because parents don't need to anticipate that their babies are going to die. We hope that the Embrace infant warmer and other simple innovations like this represent a new trend for the future of technology: simple, localized, affordable solutions that have the potential to make huge social impact.
U narednih pet godina planiramo da spasemo živote skoro milion beba. Ali dugoročni društveni rezultat je smanjenje rasta populacije. Ovo zvuči nelogično, ali ispostavlja se da, kako opada smrtnost novorođenčadi, veličina populacije se takođe smanjuje, jer roditelji ne moraju da iščekuju da će im bebe umreti. Nadam se da će Embrace grejač beba i druga ovako jednostavna rešenja, predstavljati novi trend u budućnosti tehnologije: jednostavna, lokalna, pristupačna rešenja koja imaju potencijal da ostvare ogroman društveni uticaj.
In designing this we followed a few basic principles. We really tried to understand the end user, in this case, people like Sevitha. We tried to understand the root of the problem rather than being biased by what already exists. And then we thought of the most simple solution we could to address this problem. In doing this, I believe we can truly bring technology to the masses. And we can save millions of lives through the simple warmth of an Embrace.
Prilikom dizajna pratili smo nekoliko osnovnih principa. Zaista smo pokušali da razumemo krajnje korisnike, u ovom slučaju ljude kao što je Sevita. Pokušavamo da razumemo koren problema, a da na nas ne utiče ono što već postoji. I onda smo došli do najjednostavnijeg mogućeg rešenja za ovaj problem. Radeći ovo, mislim da stvarno možemo približiti tehnologiju masama. I možemo spasiti milione života, jednostavnom toplinom Zagrljaja.