As a roboticist, I get asked a lot of questions. "When we will they start serving me breakfast?" So I thought the future of robotics would be looking more like us. I thought they would look like me, so I built eyes that would simulate my eyes. I built fingers that are dextrous enough to serve me ... baseballs.
Kao robotičarka primam mnoga pitanja. "Kada će mi moći poslužiti doručak?" Pa sam mislila da će budućnost robotike biti da više podsjećaju na nas. Mislila sam da će izgledati kao ja pa sam napravila oči koje bi simulirale moje oči. Napravila sam prste dovoljno pokretne da mi posluže... bejzbolske loptice.
Classical robots like this are built and become functional based on the fixed number of joints and actuators. And this means their functionality and shape are already fixed at the moment of their conception. So even though this arm has a really nice throw -- it even hit the tripod at the end-- it's not meant for cooking you breakfast per se. It's not really suited for scrambled eggs.
Klasični roboti poput ovoga izgrađeni su i postaju funkcionalni na osnovu određenog broja zglobova i pokretnih sklopova. To znači da su njihova funkcionalnost i oblik unaprijed određeni u trenutku njihova nastanka. Pa iako njegova ruka može jako lijepo bacati -- na kraju je čak pogodila stalak za snimanje -- nije namijenjena za to da vam priprema doručak. Doista nije prikladna za pečenje jaja.
So this was when I was hit by a new vision of future robotics: the transformers. They drive, they run, they fly, all depending on the ever-changing, new environment and task at hand. To make this a reality, you really have to rethink how robots are designed. So, imagine a robotic module in a polygon shape and using that simple polygon shape to reconstruct multiple different forms to create a new form of robot for different tasks. In CG, computer graphics, it's not any news -- it's been done for a while, and that's how most of the movies are made. But if you're trying to make a robot that's physically moving, it's a completely new story. It's a completely new paradigm.
Tada mi je pala na pamet nova vizija budućnosti robotike. Transformeri. Oni voze, trče, lete, već ovisno o stalno promjenjivoj, novoj okolini i novom zadatku pred njima. Da bi se to ostvarilo, stvarno morate iznova osmisliti način dizajniranja robota. Zamislite robotski modul višekutnog oblika i korištenje tog jednostavnog višekutnog oblika za rekonstrukciju brojnih različitih oblika kako bi se stvorio novi oblik robota za obavljanje različitih zadataka. U računalnoj grafici, i to nije neka novost -- ovo se radi već neko vrijeme i tako nastaje većina filmova. Ali ako želite napraviti robota koji se fizički pokreće, to je sasvim druga priča. Potpuno nova paradigma.
But you've all done this. Who hasn't made a paper airplane, paper boat, paper crane? Origami is a versatile platform for designers. From a single sheet of paper, you can make multiple shapes, and if you don't like it, you unfold and fold back again. Any 3D form can be made from 2D surfaces by folding, and this is proven mathematically. And imagine if you were to have an intelligent sheet that can self-fold into any form it wants, anytime. And that's what I've been working on. I call this robotic origami, "robogami."
Ali svi ste to već radili. Tko nije pravio avione, čamce, ždralove od papira? Origami je platforma puna raznovrsnosti za dizajnere. Iz jednog komada papira mogu nastati brojni oblici, a ako vam se ne sviđa, odmotate i ponovo zamotate. Svaki 3D oblik može nastati iz 2D površina presavijanjem, što je matematički dokazano. Zamislite da imate pametnu površinu koja se sama može složiti u bilo koji oblik koji poželi, u bilo koje vrijeme. Na tome sam radila. Zovem to robotski origami, "robogami".
This is our first robogami transformation that was made by me about 10 years ago. From a flat-sheeted robot, it turns into a pyramid and back into a flat sheet and into a space shuttle. Quite cute.
Ovo je naše prvo preoblikovanje robogamija koje sam napravila prije 10 godina. Od robota kojeg čini ravna površina, pretvara se u piramidu pa opet u ravnu površinu, te u svemirski brod. Prilično slatko.
Ten years later, with my group of ninja origami robotic researchers -- about 22 of them right now -- we have a new generation of robogamis, and they're a little more effective and they do more than that. So the new generation of robogamis actually serve a purpose. For example, this one actually navigates through different terrains autonomously. So when it's a dry and flat land, it crawls. And if it meets sudden rough terrain, it starts rolling. It does this -- it's the same robot -- but depending on which terrain it meets, it activates a different sequence of actuators that's on board. And once it meets an obstacle, it jumps over it. It does this by storing energy in each of its legs and releasing it and catapulting like a slingshot. And it even does gymnastics. Yay.
Deset godina kasnije, sa svojom grupom nindža origami robotskih istraživača -- kojih sada ima oko 22-oje -- stvorili smo novu generaciju robogamija, koji su malo učinkovitiji i mogu puno više. Tako da nova generacija robogamija ispunjava određenu svrhu. Naprimjer, ovaj se samostalno kreće kroz različite terene. Pa kada je na suhom i ravnom tlu, onda puza. Ako je odjednom na grubom terenu, počne se kotrljati. Radi to -- to je isti robot -- ali ovisno o tome s kakvim terenom se susreće, aktivira drugačiji niz uprogramiranih pokretnih sklopova. A kada se nađe pred zaprekom, preskoči je. To čini pohranjivanjem energije u svakoj nozi te otpuštajući je i katapultirajući se kao iz praćke. Čak i gimnasticira. Super.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
So I just showed you what a single robogami can do. Imagine what they can do as a group. They can join forces to tackle more complex tasks. Each module, either active or passive, we can assemble them to create different shapes. Not only that, by controlling the folding joints, we're able to create and attack different tasks. The form is making new task space. And this time, what's most important is the assembly. They need to autonomously find each other in a different space, attach and detach, depending on the environment and task. And we can do this now.
Pokazala sam vam što jedan robogami može činiti. Zamislite što bi mogli kao skupina. Oni mogu udružiti snage kako bi savladali složenije zadatke. Svaki modul, bilo da je aktivan ili pasivan, možemo sastaviti tako da stvaraju različite oblike. Štoviše, kontrolirajući zglobove koji se preslaguju, možemo stvarati i savladavati različite zadatke. Oblik stvara novi prostor za zadatak. Ovoga puta, najvažniji dio je sastavljanje. Moraju samostalno pronaći jedni druge u novom prostoru, spojiti se i odspojiti, ovisno o okolini i zadatku. I sada to možemo učiniti.
So what's next? Our imagination.
Što je sljedeće? Naša mašta.
This is a simulation of what you can achieve with this type of module. We decided that we were going to have a four-legged crawler turn into a little dog and make small gaits. With the same module, we can actually make it do something else: a manipulator, a typical, classical robotic task. So with a manipulator, it can pick up an object. Of course, you can add more modules to make the manipulator legs longer to attack or pick up objects that are bigger or smaller, or even have a third arm. For robogamis, there's no one fixed shape nor task. They can transform into anything, anywhere, anytime.
Ovo je simulacija onoga što možemo postići ovom vrstom modula. Odlučili smo da ćemo napraviti četveronožnog puzača koji postaje maleni pas i radi male pokrete. Istim modulom možemo postići da radi nešto drugo: manipuliranje, tipičan, klasičan robotski zadatak. Manipulator može podići predmet. Naravno, možete dodati još modula kako bi mu noge bile duže, kako bi savladao ili pokupio veće ili manje predmete, ili može imati i treću ruku. Kod robogamija ne postoji predodređen oblik niti zadatak. Mogu se preoblikovati u bilo što, bilo gdje, u bilo koje vrijeme.
So how do you make them? The biggest technical challenge of robogami is keeping them super thin, flexible, but still remaining functional. They're composed of multiple layers of circuits, motors, microcontrollers and sensors, all in the single body, and when you control individual folding joints, you'll be able to achieve soft motions like that upon your command. Instead of being a single robot that is specifically made for a single task, robogamis are optimized to do multi-tasks. And this is quite important for the difficult and unique environments on the Earth as well as in space.
Kako ih napraviti? Najveći tehnički izazov robogamija jest kako da ostanu vrlo tanki, rastezljivi, ali da ostanu funkcionalni. Sastavljeni su od višestrukih slojeva električnih spojeva, motora, mikrokontrolera i senzora, sve to u jednom tijelu, i kada kontrolirate pojedine zglobove za savijanje, moći ćete postići ovako nježne kretnje na vašu naredbu. Umjesto da ste jedan robot koji je posebno sagrađen za jednu namjenu, robogamiji su prilagođeni za višestruke zadatke. To je prilično važno za komplicirane i jedinstvene okoline na Zemlji, kao i u svemiru.
Space is a perfect environment for robogamis. You cannot afford to have one robot for one task. Who knows how many tasks you will encounter in space? What you want is a single robotic platform that can transform to do multi-tasks. What we want is a deck of thin robogami modules that can transform to do multiples of performing tasks. And don't take my word for it, because the European Space Agency and Swiss Space Center are sponsoring this exact concept.
Svemir je idealno okruženje za robogamije. Ne možemo si priuštiti da imamo jednog robota za jedan zadatak. Tko zna s koliko zadataka će se susresti u svemiru? Želimo imati jednu robotsku površinu koja se preoblikuje za brojne zadatke. Želimo imati niz tankih modula robogamija koji se preoblikuju za obavljanje mnogih zadataka. Ne morate meni vjerovati, zato što Europska svemirska agencija i Švicarski svemirski centar sponzoriraju upravo ovaj koncept.
So here you see a couple of images of reconfiguration of robogamis, exploring the foreign land aboveground, on the surface, as well as digging into the surface. It's not just exploration. For astronauts, they need additional help, because you cannot afford to bring interns up there, either.
Ovdje vidite nekoliko snimaka rekonfiguracije robogamija istražujući strano tlo na površini, kao i kopajući ispod površine. To nije samo istraživanje. Astronautima je potrebna dodatna pomoć zato što si ne možemo priuštiti ni da odvodimo pripravnike onamo.
(Laughter)
(Smijeh)
They have to do every tedious task. They may be simple, but super interactive. So you need robots to facilitate their experiments, assisting them with the communications and just docking onto surfaces to be their third arm holding different tools. But how will they be able to control robogamis, for example, outside the space station? In this case, I show a robogami that is holding space debris. You can work with your vision so that you can control them, but what would be better is having the sensation of touch directly transported onto the hands of the astronauts. And what you need is a haptic device, a haptic interface that recreates the sensation of touch. And using robogamis, we can do this.
Moraju obaviti svaki naporan zadatak. Oni mogu biti jednostavni, ali vrlo interaktivni. Pa im roboti trebaju kako bi omogućili njihove pokuse, pomogli im u komunikaciji i samo kako bi ih smjestili na površine da im budu treća ruka držeći im alate. Ali kako će moći kontrolirati robogamije, primjerice, izvan svemirske postaje? U ovom slučaju, vidimo robogamija koji drži svemirski otpad. Možete raditi na vizualnoj tehnologiji kako biste ih kontrolirali, ali bilo bi bolje kada bi se osjet dodira mogao izravno prenijeti na ruke astronauta. Potreban vam je haptički uređaj, haptičko sučelje koje oponaša osjet dodira. Koristeći robogamije možemo to postići.
This is the world's smallest haptic interface that can recreate a sensation of touch just underneath your fingertip. We do this by moving the robogami by microscopic and macroscopic movements at the stage. And by having this, not only will you be able to feel how big the object is, the roundness and the lines, but also the stiffness and the texture. Alex has this interface just underneath his thumb, and if he were to use this with VR goggles and hand controllers, now the virtual reality is no longer virtual. It becomes a tangible reality. The blue ball, red ball and black ball that he's looking at is no longer differentiated by colors. Now it is a rubber blue ball, sponge red ball and billiard black ball. This is now possible. Let me show you.
Ovo je najmanje haptičko sučelje na svijetu koje može oponašati osjet dodira pod vrhom vašeg prsta. Činimo to pokretanjem robogamija mikroskopskim i makroskopskim pokretima na platformi. Ako imate ovo, ne samo da ćete moći osjetiti koliko je velik predmet, oblost i obrise, nego i čvrstoću i teksturu. Alex ima ovo sučelje pod svojim palcem, i ako bismo upotrijebili ovo s naočalama za VR i ručnim kontrolerima, odjednom virtualna stvarnost nije više virtualna. Postaje stvarnost koju možemo dotaknuti. Plava, crvena i crna loptica koje gleda više se ne razlikuju po boji. Sada su to gumena plava loptica, spužvasta crvena loptica i crna biljarska kuglica. To je sada moguće. Pokazat ću vam.
This is really the first time this is shown live in front of a public grand audience, so hopefully this works. So what you see here is an atlas of anatomy and the robogami haptic interface. So, like all the other reconfigurable robots, it multitasks. Not only is it going to serve as a mouse, but also a haptic interface.
Ovo se prvi put prikazuje uživo pred brojnom publikom pa se nadam da će uspjeti. Ovdje možete vidjeti atlas anatomije i robogami haptičko sučelje. I poput svih robota koji mijenjaju oblik, može obavljati više zadataka. Neće samo poslužiti kao miš, nego i kao haptičko sučelje.
So for example, we have a white background where there is no object. That means there is nothing to feel, so we can have a very, very flexible interface. Now, I use this as a mouse to approach skin, a muscular arm, so now let's feel his biceps, or shoulders. So now you see how much stiffer it becomes. Let's explore even more. Let's approach the ribcage. And as soon as I move on top of the ribcage and between the intercostal muscles, which is softer and harder, I can feel the difference of the stiffness. Take my word for it. So now you see, it's much stiffer in terms of the force it's giving back to my fingertip.
Primjerice, imamo bijelu pozadinu tamo gdje nema predmeta. To znači da nema ničega za osjetiti pa možemo imati vrlo, vrlo fleksibilno sučelje. Koristim se mišem da priđem koži, mišićavoj ruci, a sada da osjetimo njegov biceps, ili ramena. Vidite koliko postaje čvršće. Istražimo još malo. Priđimo prsnom košu. Čim se krećem povrh grudnog koša koji je čvršći, i među rebrenim mišićima, koji su mekši, mogu osjetiti razliku u čvrstoći. Vjerujte mi na riječ. Vidite, puno je čvršće u smislu otpora koji pruža vrhu moga prsta.
So I showed you the surfaces that aren't moving. How about if I were to approach something that moves, for example, like a beating heart? What would I feel?
Pokazala sam vam površine koje se ne kreću. Kako bi bilo da priđemo nečemu što se kreće, primjerice, srcu koje kuca? Što bih osjetila?
(Applause)
(Pljesak)
This can be your beating heart. This can actually be inside your pocket while you're shopping online. Now you'll be able to feel the difference of the sweater that you're buying, how soft it is, if it's actually cashmere or not, or the bagel that you're trying to buy, how hard it is or how crispy it is. This is now possible.
To bi moglo biti vaše srce koje kuca. Ovo biste mogli imati u džepu dok kupujete na internetu. Moći ćete osjetiti razliku između džempera koji biste kupili, koliko je mekan, je li doista od kašmira ili nije, ili pecivo koje želite kupiti, koliko je tvrdo ili hrskavo. To je sada moguće.
The robotics technology is advancing to be more personalized and adaptive, to adapt to our everyday needs. This unique specie of reconfigurable robotics is actually the platform to provide this invisible, intuitive interface to meet our exact needs. These robots will no longer look like the characters from the movies. Instead, they will be whatever you want them to be.
Robotska tehnologija napreduje kako bi bila osobnija i prilagodljivija, da se prilagodi vašim svakodnevnim potrebama. Jedinstvena znanstvena grana transformativne robotike je zapravo platforma za omogućavanje ovog nevidljivog, navodljivog sučelja da zadovolji naše potrebe. Ovi roboti više neće izgledati kao likovi iz filmova. Umjesto toga, bit će što god vi poželite da budu.
Thank you.
Hvala.
(Applause)
(Pljesak)